Metagenomic and targeted metabolomic analyses reveal distinct phenotypes of the gut microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus by Yong Yang, Zihan Han, Zhaoya Gao, Jiajia Chen, Can Song, Jingxuan Xu, Hanyang Wang, An Huang, Jingyi Shi, Jin Gu, Lishao Guo

“…We analyzed the fecal microbiomes, characterized the composition and function based on the metagenomics of DCRC patients, and detected the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BAs) levels in all fecal samples. Finally, we performed a correlation analysis of the differential bacteria and metabolites between different groups. …”
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Esophageal Mucosal Resistance in Reflux Esophagitis: What We Have Learned So Far and What Remains to Be Learned by Igor V. Maev, Maria A. Livzan, Sergei I. Mozgovoi, Olga V. Gaus, Dmitry S. Bordin

“…As a result, refluxate, which includes hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and, in the case of concomitant duodeno-gastric reflux, bile acids and lysolecithin, is thrown into the overlying sections of the digestive tract. …”
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Impact of Deoxycholic Acid on Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma Invasion: Effect on Matrix Metalloproteinases by Fran Quilty, Anne-Marie Byrne, John Aird, Sheeren El Mashad, Adolfo Parra-Blanco, Aideen Long, John F Gilmer, Carlos Medina

“…Bile acids (BAs) have been implicated in the development of oesophagitis, Barrett’s oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). …”
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Intestinal Inflammation and Regeneration–Interdigitating Processes Controlled by Dietary Lipids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Soon Jae Kwon, Muhammad Sohaib Khan, Sang Geon Kim

“…In addition, excess dietary fat intake, along with alterations in primary and secondary bile acids in the colon, can affect the onset and progression of IBD because inflammatory cytokines contribute to insulin resistance; the factors include the release of inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and changes in intestinal microflora, which may also contribute to disease progression. …”
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Meteorin-Like Protein (Metrnl) in Obesity, during Weight Loss and in Adipocyte Differentiation by Andreas Schmid, Thomas Karrasch, Andreas Schäffler

“…Metrnl expression remained unaffected upon treatment with glucose, insulin, fatty acids, bile acids, and incretins. Polyunsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids downregulated Metrnl expression. …”
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Maralixibat is an alternative to liver transplantation in children with Alagille syndrome by A. V. Degtyareva, E. I. Savelyeva, E. A. Filippova, A. A. Dokshukina, M. Kh. Isaeva, V. V. Zubkov, M. B. Albegova

“…The patient stopped itching, significantly reduced the serum bile acids and also improved physical development within 7 months of therapy. …”
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Disparate Metabolomic Responses to Fructose Consumption between Different Mouse Strains and the Role of Gut Microbiota by In-Sook Ahn, Justin Yoon, Graciel Diamante, Peter Cohn, Cholsoon Jang, Xia Yang

“…In response to fructose, DBA mice showed a distinct decrease of plasma branched chain fatty acids with concordantly increased branched chain amino acids, which were correlated with adiposity; B6 mice had significantly increased plasma cholesterol and total bile acids, accompanied by decreased fecal levels of farnesoid X receptor antagonist tauro-β-muricholate, which were correlated with fructose-responsive bacteria <i>Dehalobacterium</i>, <i>Magibacteriaceae</i>, and/or <i>Akkermansia</i>. …”
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Modulation of the Gut Microbiome to Improve Clinical Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Sj Shen, Saroj Khatiwada, Jason Behary, Rachel Kim, Amany Zekry

“…In this regard, composition of gut microbiota and related metabolites, such as bile acids and short-chain fatty acids, have been shown to orchestrate key immune–metabolic events in liver disease and liver cancer. …”
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Cardiomyopathy in cirrhosis: From pathophysiology to clinical careKey points by Hongqun Liu, Jwan A. Naser, Grace Lin, Samuel S. Lee

“…Its underlying pathogenic/pathophysiological mechanisms are rooted in two distinct pathways: 1) factors associated with portal hypertension, hyperdynamic circulation, gut bacterial/endotoxin translocation and the resultant inflammatory phenotype; 2) hepatocellular insufficiency with altered synthesis or metabolism of substances such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, bile acids and hormones. Different criteria have been proposed to diagnose CCM; the first in 2005 by the World Congress of Gastroenterology, and more recently in 2019 by the Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy Consortium. …”
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Effect of mTOR inhibitors on sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) function in vitro by Chitra Saran, Chitra Saran, Henry Ho, Paavo Honkakoski, Paavo Honkakoski, Kim L. R. Brouwer

“…The sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP; gene name SLC10A1) is the primary hepatic basolateral uptake transporter for conjugated bile acids and the entry receptor for the hepatitis B and D virus (HBV/HDV). …”
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Dairy-Based Probiotic-Fermented Functional Foods: An Update on Their Health-Promoting Properties by Harpreet Kaur, Gurjeet Kaur, Syed Azmal Ali

“…The fermented functional food matrix around probiotic bacteria plays an important role in the survival of these strains by buffering and protecting them from intestinal conditions such as low pH, bile acids, and other harsh conditions. On average, cultured dairy products included higher concentrations of lactic acid bacteria, with some products having as much as 10⁹/mL or g. …”
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Influence of Bariatric Surgery on Gut Microbiota Composition and Its Implication on Brain and Peripheral Targets by Sevag Hamamah, Andras Hajnal, Mihai Covasa

“…Further, post-bariatric surgical effects on satiation targets are in part mediated by metabolic byproducts of gut microbiota like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids, which play a pivotal role in modulating metabolism and energy expenditure and reducing obesity-associated inflammation, as well as influencing food reward pathways, potentially contributing to the regulation of body weight and reduction in hedonic eating behaviors. …”
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Pharmacologic inhibition of HNF4α prevents parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis in mice by Swati Ghosh, Michael W. Devereaux, David J. Orlicky, Ronald J. Sokol

“…We showed that HNF4α antagonist BI6015 (20 mg/kg/day) in DSS-PN (oral DSS x4d followed by Total PN x14d) mice prevented the increased AST, ALT, bilirubin and bile acids and reversed mRNA suppression of hepatocyte Abcg5/8, Abcb11, FXR, SHP and MRP2 that were present during PNAC. …”
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Evolutionary diversity of bile salts in reptiles and mammals, including analysis of ancient human and extinct giant ground sloth coprolites by Hofmann Alan F, Vidal Nicolas, Hagey Lee R, Krasowski Matthew D

“…Analysis of the Shasta ground sloth coprolites (approximately 12,000 years old) showed the predominant presence of glycine-conjugated bile acids, similar to analyses of bile and feces of living sloths, in addition to a complex mixture of plant sterols and stanols expected from an herbivorous diet.…”
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Inositol-requiring enzyme 1α/X-box protein 1 pathway expression is impaired in pediatric cholestatic liver disease explants by Alyssa Kriegermeier, Angela Hyon, Brian LeCuyer, Susan Hubchak, Xiaoying Liu, Richard M. Green

“…<h4>Background</h4> Increased intrahepatic bile acids cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated to maintain homeostasis. …”
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Skeletal muscles and gut microbiota-derived metabolites: novel modulators of adipocyte thermogenesis by Yi Tang, Yi Tang, Ya-Di Wang, Yuan-Yuan Wang, Zhe-Zhen Liao, Xin-Hua Xiao

“…Skeletal muscles can release lactate, kynurenic acid, inosine, and β-aminoisobutyric acid, whereas the gut secretes bile acids, butyrate, succinate, cinnabarinic acid, urolithin A, and asparagine. …”
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Non-invasive metabolomics biomarkers of production efficiency and beef carcass quality traits by Virginia M. Artegoitia, J. W. Newman, A. P. Foote, S. D. Shackelford, D. A. King, T. L. Wheeler, R. M. Lewis, H. C. Freetly

“…Overall 85 untargeted metabolites segregated greater- and least-ADG animals, with overlap across diets (both stages) and breed type, despite sampling time effects. Total 18-bile acids (BAs) and 5-steroids were quantified and associated with performance and carcass quality across ADG-classification depending on the stage. …”
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Plasma Metabolomics Analysis of Polyvinyl Chloride Workers Identifies Altered Processes and Candidate Biomarkers for Hepatic Hemangiosarcoma and Its Development by John J. Guardiola, Josiah E. Hardesty, Juliane I. Beier, Russell A. Prough, Craig J. McClain, Matthew C. Cave

“…Top affected ontologies involved: (i) metabolism of bile acids, taurine, cholesterol, fatty acids and amino acids; (ii) inflammation and oxidative stress; and (iii) nicotinic cholinergic signaling. …”
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Haploinsufficiency of CYP8B1 associates with increased insulin sensitivity in humans by Shiqi Zhong, Raphael Chèvre, David Castaño Mayan, Maria Corlianò, Blake J. Cochran, Kai Ping Sem, Theo H. van Dijk, Jianhe Peng, Liang Juin Tan, Siddesh V. Hartimath, Boominathan Ramasamy, Peter Cheng, Albert K. Groen, Folkert Kuipers, Julian L. Goggi, Chester Drum, Rob M. van Dam, Ru San Tan, Kerry-Anne Rye, Michael R. Hayden, Ching-Yu Cheng, Shaji Chacko, Jason Flannick, Xueling Sim, Hong Chang Tan, Roshni R. Singaraja

“…BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450 family 8 subfamily B member 1 (CYP8B1) generates 12α-hydroxylated bile acids (BAs) that are associated with insulin resistance in humans.METHODS To determine whether reduced CYP8B1 activity improves insulin sensitivity, we sequenced CYP8B1 in individuals without diabetes and identified carriers of complete loss-of-function (CLOF) mutations utilizing functional assays.RESULTS Mutation carriers had lower plasma 12α-hydroxylated/non–12α-hydroxylated BA and cholic acid (CA)/chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) ratios compared with age-, sex-, and BMI-matched controls. …”
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Gut macrobiotic and its metabolic pathways modulate cardiovascular disease by Junwen Zhu, Junwen Zhu, Jin Lyu, Ruochi Zhao, Gang Liu, Shuangshuang Wang

“…These bioactive metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), trimethylamine (TMA), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), bile acids (BAs), and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), are implicated in conditions such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. …”
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