High Dose Versus Low Dose Syngeneic Hepatocyte Transplantation in <i>Pex1</i>-G844D NMRI Mouse Model is Safe but Does Not Achieve Long Term Engraftment by Tanguy Demaret, Jonathan Evraerts, Joachim Ravau, Martin Roumain, Giulio G. Muccioli, Mustapha Najimi, Etienne M. Sokal

“…Clinical (weight and food intake) and biochemical parameters (very long-chain fatty acids, abnormal bile acids, etc.) were in accordance with ZSD phenotype but they were not robustly modified by HT. …”
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Metabolic Profiling Reveals Aggravated Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in High-Fat High-Cholesterol Diet-Fed Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice Lacking Ron Receptor Signaling by Joselyn N. Allen, Adwitia Dey, Jingwei Cai, Jingtao Zhang, Yuan Tian, Mary Kennett, Yanling Ma, T. Jake Liang, Andrew D. Patterson, Pamela A. Hankey-Giblin

“…Consistent with the deregulation of lipid metabolism pathways, the DKO animals exhibited increased accumulation of FAs in the liver and decreased level of bile acids. Altogether, ligand-dependent Ron receptor activation provides protection from the deregulation of major metabolic pathways that initiate and aggravate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.…”
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Berberine is a potential alternative for metformin with good regulatory effect on lipids in treating metabolic diseases by Hui-Hui Guo, Hao-Ran Shen, Lu-Lu Wang, Zhi-Gang Luo, Jin-Lan Zhang, Hong-Juan Zhang, Tian-Le Gao, Yan-Xing Han, Jian-Dong Jiang

“…Association analysis revealed that the modulation of intestinal microenvironment played a crucial role in the pharmacodynamics of both drugs, in which their respective superiority on the regulation of gut microbiota composition and intestinal bile acids might contribute to their own merits on lowering glucose or lipids. …”
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Effect of rhubarb on gut microbiota-host co-metabolism in rats by GAO Yu, YIN Shan, PANG Yue, LIANG Wenyi, LIU Yumin

“…Among these differential metabolites, some gut microbial-host co-metabolites, including neurotransmitters, indoles, and bile acids, were observed to alter significantly after rhubarb administration. …”
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The maternal hair metabolome is capable of discriminating intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy from uncomplicated pregnancy by Nanlin Yin, Nanlin Yin, Xiuping Jiang, Muhua Yu, Yang Yang, Huisheng Ge, Ting-Li Han, Ting-Li Han, Hongbo Qi, Hongbo Qi, Hongbo Qi

“…IntroductionIntrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a pregnancy-specific liver disease associated with elevated bile acids in the blood. Diagnosis typically only occurs after the manifestation of clinical symptoms and the metabolic mechanisms underlying its development remain unclear. …”
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Response of Intestinal Microbiota to the Variation in Diets in Grass Carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) by Gang Yang, Yuhan Xiang, Shanshan Wang, Yujie Tao, Lichen Xie, Lixin Bao, Kaikai Shen, Jiamin Li, Baoqing Hu, Chungen Wen, Vikas Kumar, Mo Peng

“…The intestinal microbial function in grass carp fed with ryegrass was rich in amino acids and exhibited an increased energy metabolism in order to compensate for a low-nutrient diet intake, while the artificial feed elevated the microbial lipid metabolism through the promotion of its synthesis in the primary and secondary bile acids, together with a notable enhancement of fatty acid biosynthesis. …”
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Tauroursodeoxycholic acid functions as a critical effector mediating insulin sensitization of metformin in obese mice by Ya Zhang, Yang Cheng, Jian Liu, Jihui Zuo, Liping Yan, Ronald W. Thring, Xueqing Ba, Dake Qi, Mingjiang Wu, Yitian Gao, Haibin Tong

“…Accumulating evidence suggests that metformin may improve IR through regulating gut microbiota and bile acids. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. …”
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EFFECT OF SESQUITERPENE γ-LACTONE ACHILLIN ON LEVEL OF LIPIDS AND EXPRESSI ON mRNA OF KEY GENES OF LIPID MET ABOLISM IN HEPATOMA TISSUE CULTURE (HTC) by Iu. A. Pfarger, V. V. Ivanov, A. V. Ratkin, O. A. Kaidash, M. M. Tsyganov, V. S. Chuchalin, S. M. Adekenov, V. V. Novitsky, N. V. Ryazantseva

“…Lowering of cholesterol, TAG and Nile Red fluorescence intensity in hepatoma cells in experimental hyperlipidemia under the action of achillin in the final concentration 500 µM could be caused by increase of gene expression carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and 2; 7-alpha-hydroxylase, which contributes to increase the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria, and synthesis of bile acids from cholesterol. In addition, inhibition of acetyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase helps to reduce the formation of cholesterol esters and their accumulation in the hepatocytes.…”
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In vitro safety and functional characterization of the novel Bacillus coagulans strain CGI314 by Shahneela Mazhar, Annie Simon, Ekaterina Khokhlova, Joan Colom, Natasha Leeuwendaal, John Deaton, Kieran Rea

“…IntroductionBacillus coagulans species have garnered much interest in health-related functional food research owing to their desirable probiotic properties, including pathogen exclusion, antioxidant, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and food fermentation capabilities coupled with their tolerance of extreme environments (pH, temperature, gastric and bile acid resistance) and stability due to their endosporulation ability.MethodsIn this study, the novel strain Bacillus coagulans CGI314 was assessed for safety, and functional probiotic attributes including resistance to heat, gastric acid and bile salts, the ability to adhere to intestinal cells, aggregation properties, the ability to suppress the growth of human pathogens, enzymatic profile, antioxidant capacity using biochemical and cell-based methods, cholesterol assimilation, anti-inflammatory activity, and attenuation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced disruption of the intestinal-epithelial barrier.ResultsB. coagulans CGI314 spores display resistance to high temperatures (40°C, 70°C, and 90°C), and gastric and bile acids [pH 3.0 and bile salt (0.3%)], demonstrating its ability to survive and remain viable under gastrointestinal conditions. …”
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Gardenia Iridoid Glucosides Protect Against &alpha;-Naphthalene Isothiocya-Nate-Induced Cholestatic Rats Through Activation of the FXR-SHP Signaling Pathway by Xu M, Che K, Wang C, Chen YR, Chen MY, Zhang GL, Yu H, Xu HN, Li YB, Sheng P, Chen H

“…GIG demonstrated beneficial effects on bile acid enterohepatic circulation and liver biomarkers in cholestatic rats. …”
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Metabolomic Signatures Associated with Radiation-Induced Lung Injury by Correlating Lung Tissue to Plasma in a Rat Model by Liming Gu, Wenli Wang, Yifeng Gu, Jianping Cao, Chang Wang

“…In addition, the multiple metabolic dysregulations primarily involved amino acids, bile acids and lipid and fatty acid β-oxidation-related metabolites, implying disturbances in the urea cycle, intestinal flora metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction. …”
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Diet composition influences probiotic and postbiotic effects on broiler growth and physiology by Samuel C.G. Jansseune, Aart Lammers, Jürgen van Baal, Fany Blanc, Marie-Hélène Pinard van der Laan, Fanny Calenge, Wouter H. Hendriks

“…Independently of the diet, Pro increased plasma calcium, phosphorus and uric acid at d21 (+6.2, +7.4, and +15.5%, respectively) and d35 (+6.6, +6.2 and +21.0%, respectively) (P < 0.05) while Post increased plasma magnesium only at d21 (+11.3%; P = 0.037). Blood bile acids were affected by additives in an age- and diet-dependent manner, with some opposite effects between dietary conditions. …”
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Altered serotonin metabolism in Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 knockout mice protects against diet-induced hepatic fibrosis by Jessica M. Ferrell, Matthew Dilts, Zachary Stahl, Shannon Boehme, Sabita Pokhrel, Xinwen Wang, John Y.L. Chiang

“…Metabolic phenotypes were characterized through examination of bile acid synthesis pathways, lipid and cholesterol metabolism pathways, and fibrosis and inflammation pathways. …”
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Calnexin Depletion by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress During Cholestasis Inhibits the Na+‐Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide by Marion J.D. Robin, Monique D. Appelman, Harmjan R. Vos, Robert M. van Es, James C. Paton, Adrienne W. Paton, Boudewijn Burgering, Peter Fickert, Jarom Heijmans, Stan F.J. van de Graaf

“…Cholestasis‐induced accumulation of bile acids in the liver leads to farnesoid X receptor (FXR)‐mediated transcriptional down‐regulation of the bile acid importer Na+‐taurocholate cotransporting protein (NTCP) and to induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. …”
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Prospective cholestanol screening of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis among patients with juvenile-onset unexplained bilateral cataracts by Gorka Fernández-Eulate, Gilles C. Martin, Pascal Dureau, Claude Speeg-Spatz, Anais Brassier, Perrine Gillard, Dominique Bremond-Gignac, Dominique Thouvenin, Cecile Pagan, Foudil Lamari, Yann Nadjar

“…Abstract Background Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare genetic disorder related to CYP27A1 biallelic mutations, leading to decreased synthesis of bile acids and increased cholestanol. Juvenile bilateral cataracts are one of the most common findings in the disease, frequently occurring before the onset of neurological manifestations. …”
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Inhibition of CBP/β‐catenin signaling ameliorated fibrosis in cholestatic liver disease by Masamichi Kimura, Koji Nishikawa, Yosuke Osawa, Jun Imamura, Kenzaburo Yamaji, Kenichi Harada, Hiroshi Yatsuhashi, Kazumoto Murata, Kouichi Miura, Atsushi Tanaka, Tatsuya Kanto, Michinori Kohara, Terumi Kamisawa, Kiminori Kimura

“…Abstract Chronic cholestatic liver diseases are characterized by injury of the bile ducts and hepatocytes caused by accumulated bile acids (BAs) and inflammation. Wnt/β‐catenin signaling is implicated in organ fibrosis; however, its role in cholestatic liver fibrosis remains unclear. …”
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<i>Auricularia auricula</i> Melanin Protects against Alcoholic Liver Injury and Modulates Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Mice Exposed to Alcohol Intake by Yichen Lin, Hua Chen, Yingjia Cao, Yuanhui Zhang, Wenfeng Li, Weiling Guo, Xucong Lv, Pingfan Rao, Li Ni, Penghu Liu

“…Besides, the abnormally high levels of bile acids (BAs) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the liver of mice with alcohol intake were significantly decreased by AAM intervention, while the hepatic levels of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were appreciably increased. …”
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Heat-Inactivated <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> Improves Gut Permeability but Does Not Prevent Development of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Diet-Induced Obese Ldlr−/−.Leiden Mic... by Martine C. Morrison, Eveline Gart, Wim van Duyvenvoorde, Jessica Snabel, Mette Juul Nielsen, Diana Julie Leeming, Aswin Menke, Robert Kleemann

“…Heat-inactivated <i>A. muciniphila</i> did not affect the development of NASH or associated fibrosis in the liver and did not affect circulating bile acids or markers of liver fibrosis, but did reduce PRO-C4, a type IV collagen synthesis marker, which may be associated with gut integrity. …”
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Single-cell sequencing of a novel model of neonatal bile duct ligation in mice identifies macrophage heterogeneity in obstructive cholestasis by Swati Antala, Kyle D. Gromer, Gaurav Gadhvi, Alyssa Kriegermeier, Jiao-Jing Wang, Hiam Abdala-Valencia, Joshua B. Wechsler, Harris Perlman, Deborah R. Winter, Zheng J. Zhang, Richard M. Green, Sarah A. Taylor

“…Neonatal BDL achieved a 90% survival rate; mice had elevated bile acids, bilirubin, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) versus controls (p < 0.05 for all). …”
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Characterization of LP-Z Lipoprotein Particles and Quantification in Subjects with Liver Disease Using a Newly Developed NMR-Based Assay by Shimpi Bedi, Erwin Garcia, Elias J. Jeyarajah, Irina Shalaurova, Maria Camila Perez-Matos, Z. Gordon Jiang, Robin P. F. Dullaart, Steven P. Matyus, William J. Kirk, James D. Otvos, W. Sean Davidson, Margery A. Connelly

“…Lipid analyses revealed that LP-Z particles exhibit lower cholesteryl esters and higher free cholesterol, bile acids, acylcarnitines, diacylglycerides, dihexosylceramides, lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines, triacylglycerides, and fatty acids than low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. …”
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