A Two-Gene Signature for Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Persons With Advanced HIV by Vandana Kulkarni, Artur T. L. Queiroz, Artur T. L. Queiroz, Shashi Sangle, Anju Kagal, Sonali Salvi, Amita Gupta, Jerrold Ellner, Dileep Kadam, Valeria C. Rolla, Bruno B. Andrade, Bruno B. Andrade, Padmini Salgame, Vidya Mave, Vidya Mave

“…The signature accurately classified TB in discovery cohorts (India AUC 0.95 and Uganda AUC 1.0; p < 0.001); accuracy was fair in external validation cohorts.Conclusions: Expression values of RAB20 and INSL3 genes in peripheral blood compose a biosignature that accurately classified TB status among patients with advanced HIV in two geographically distinct cohorts. …”
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Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis via identification of core genes and pathways utilizing blood transcriptional signatures: a multicohort analysis by Qian Qiu, Anzhou Peng, Yanlin Zhao, Dongxin Liu, Chunfa Liu, Shi Qiu, Jinhong Xu, Hongguang Cheng, Wei Xiong, Yaokai Chen

“…Conclusion The described commonalities and unique signatures in the blood profiles of PTB and the other control samples have considerable implications for PTB biosignature design and future diagnosis, and provide insights into the biological processes underlying PTB.…”
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Earth as a Transiting Exoplanet: A Validation of Transmission Spectroscopy and Atmospheric Retrieval Methodologies for Terrestrial Exoplanets by Jacob Lustig-Yaeger, Victoria S. Meadows, David Crisp, Michael R. Line, Tyler D. Robinson

“…In the limit of noiseless transmission spectra, we find excellent agreement between model and data (deviations <10%) that enable the robust detection of H _2 O, CO _2 , O _3 , CH _4 , N _2 , N _2 O, NO _2 , HNO _3 , CFC-11, and CFC-12 thereby providing compelling support for the detection of habitability, biosignature, and technosignature gases in the atmosphere of the planet using an exoplanet-analog transmission spectrum. …”
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Low circulatory Fe and Se levels with a higher IL-6/IL-10 ratio provide nutritional immunity in tuberculosis by Sandeep R. Kaushik, Sukanya Sahu, Hritusree Guha, Sourav Saha, Ranjit Das, Rukuwe-u Kupa, Wetetsho Kapfo, Trinayan Deka, Rumi Basumatary, Asunu Thong, Arunabha Dasgupta, Bidhan Goswami, Amit Kumar Pandey, Lahari Saikia, Lahari Saikia, Vinotsole Khamo, Anjan Das, Ranjan Kumar Nanda

“…Based on the PLS-DA variable importance in projection (VIP) score and analysis of variance (ANOVA), 13 variables were selected as important biosignatures [IL-18, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-5, IL-12 (p70), IL-1β, copper, zinc, selenium, iron, and aluminum]. …”
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NMR-Based Metabolomics: A New Paradigm to Unravel Defense-Related Metabolites in Insect-Resistant Cotton Variety through Different Multivariate Data Analysis Approaches by Anam Amin Shami, Muhammad Tayyab Akhtar, Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz, Hamid Mukhtar, Amna Tahir, Syed Shahzad-ul-Hussan, Safee Ullah Chaudhary, Bushra Muneer, Hafsa Iftikhar, Marios Neophytou

“…Our analyses underscore a biosignature of metabolites that might involve in inducing insect resistance in Bt cotton. …”
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Two temperate super-Earths transiting a nearby late-type M dwarf by Delrez, L, Murray, CA, Pozuelos, FJ, Narita, N, Ducrot, E, Timmermans, M, Watanabe, N, Burgasser, AJ, Hirano, T, Rackham, BV, Stassun, KG, Van Grootel, V, Aganze, C, Cointepas, M, Howell, S, Kaltenegger, L, Niraula, P, Sebastian, D

“…In the age of JWST, temperate terrestrial exoplanets transiting nearby late-type M dwarfs provide unique opportunities for characterising their atmospheres, as well as searching for biosignature gases. In this context, the benchmark TRAPPIST-1 planetary system has garnered the interest of a broad scientific community. …”
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A Modular Cytokine Analysis Method Reveals Novel Associations With Clinical Phenotypes and Identifies Sets of Co-signaling Cytokines Across Influenza Natural Infection Cohorts and... by Liel Cohen, Liel Cohen, Andrew Fiore-Gartland, Adrienne G. Randolph, Adrienne G. Randolph, Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari, Sook-San Wong, Jacqui Ralston, Timothy Wood, Ruth Seeds, Q. Sue Huang, Richard J. Webby, Paul G. Thomas, Tomer Hertz, Tomer Hertz, Tomer Hertz

“…Each module represents a biosignature of co-signaling cytokines. We applied this approach to three independent clinical cohorts of subjects naturally infected with influenza in which cytokine profiles and clinical phenotypes were collected. …”
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Maternal DNA methylation signatures of arsenic exposure is associated with adult offspring insulin resistance in the Strong Heart Study by Christian K. Dye, Arce Domingo-Relloso, Allison Kupsco, Naomi E. Tinkelman, Miranda J. Spratlen, Anne K. Bozack, Maria Tellez-Plaza, Walter Goessler, Karin Haack, Jason G. Umans, Andrea A. Baccarelli, Shelley A. Cole, Ana Navas-Acien

“…Here, we have presented evidence supporting a role for epigenetic biosignatures of maternal As exposure as a potential biomarker for evaluating risk of T2D-related outcomes in offspring later in life.…”
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Surface Morphologies in a Mars-Analog Ca-Sulfate Salar, High Andes, Northern Chile by Nancy W. Hinman, Michael H. Hofmann, Kimberly Warren-Rhodes, Michael S. Phillips, Nora Noffke, Nathalie A. Cabrol, Guillermo Chong Diaz, Cecilia Demergasso, Cinthya Tebes-Cayo, Oscar Cabestrero, Janice L. Bishop, Virginia C. Gulick, Virginia C. Gulick, David Summers, Pablo Sobron, Michael McInenly, Jeffrey Moersch, Constanza Rodriguez, Philippe Sarazzin, Kevin L. Rhodes, Camila Javiera Riffo Contreras, David Wettergreen, Victor Parro

“…Because hygroscopic salts have been invoked as sources of localized, transient water sufficient to support terrestrial life, such structures might be good targets for biosignature exploration on Mars.…”
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Mass Spectrometric Identification of Urinary Biomarkers of Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Flonza Isa, Sean Collins, Myung Hee Lee, Diessy Decome, Nancy Dorvil, Patrice Joseph, Lauren Smith, Stephen Salerno, Martin T. Wells, Steven Fischer, James M. Bean, Jean W. Pape, Warren D. Johnson, Daniel W. Fitzgerald, Kyu Y. Rhee

“…Conclusion: Urinary levels of diacetylspermine, neopterin, sialic acid, and N-acetylhexosamine distinguished patients with tuberculosis from healthy controls and patients with non-tuberculous pulmonary diseases, providing a potential noninvasive biosignature of active TB. Funding: This study was funded by Weill Cornell Medicine, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the Clinical and Translational Science Center at Weill Cornell, the NIH Fogarty International Center grants, and the NIH Tuberculosis Research Unit (Tri-I TBRU). …”
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Seroconversion stages COVID19 into distinct pathophysiological states by Matthew D Galbraith, Kohl T Kinning, Kelly D Sullivan, Ryan Baxter, Paula Araya, Kimberly R Jordan, Seth Russell, Keith P Smith, Ross E Granrath, Jessica R Shaw, Monika Dzieciatkowska, Tusharkanti Ghosh, Andrew A Monte, Angelo D'Alessandro, Kirk C Hansen, Tellen D Benett, Elena WY Hsieh, Joaquín M Espinosa

“…We propose that seroconversion status could potentially be used as a biosignature to stratify patients for therapeutic intervention and to inform analysis of clinical trial results in heterogenous patient populations.…”
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The clinical significance of osteopontin on the cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stable coronary artery disease by Kei-Ip Cheong, Hsin-Bang Leu, Chau-Chung Wu, Wei-Hsian Yin, Ji-Hung Wang, Tsung-Hsien Lin, Wei-Kung Tseng, Kuan-Cheng Chang, Shu-Hsun Chu, Hung-I Yeh, Jaw-Wen Chen, Yen-Wen Wu

“…Methods: We enrolled participants from the Biosignature Registry, a nationwide prospective cohort study conducted at nine different medical centers throughout Taiwan. …”
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Frequency, kinetics and determinants of viable SARS-CoV-2 in bioaerosols from ambulatory COVID-19 patients infected with the Beta, Delta or Omicron variants by S. Jaumdally, M. Tomasicchio, A. Pooran, A. Esmail, A. Kotze, S. Meier, L. Wilson, S. Oelofse, C. van der Merwe, A. Roomaney, M. Davids, T. Suliman, R. Joseph, T. Perumal, A. Scott, M. Shaw, W. Preiser, C. Williamson, A. Goga, E. Mayne, G. Gray, P. Moore, A. Sigal, J. Limberis, J. Metcalfe, K. Dheda

“…A parsimonious three transcript blood-based biosignature is highly predictive of infectious aerosol generation (PPV > 95%). …”
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Evaluation of Host Serum Protein Biomarkers of Tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa by Thomas C. Morris, Clive J. Hoggart, Clive J. Hoggart, Novel N. Chegou, Martin Kidd, Tolu Oni, Tolu Oni, Rene Goliath, Katalin A. Wilkinson, Katalin A. Wilkinson, Hazel M. Dockrell, Lifted Sichali, Louis Banda, Amelia C. Crampin, Amelia C. Crampin, Amelia C. Crampin, Neil French, Gerhard Walzl, Michael Levin, Robert J. Wilkinson, Robert J. Wilkinson, Robert J. Wilkinson, Melissa S. Hamilton

“…The best single biomarker was complement factor H [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 70% (95% CI 64–76%)]. Biosignatures consisting of host serum proteins may function as point-of-care screening tests for TB in African hospitals. …”
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Environmental Enrichment and Social Isolation Mediate Neuroplasticity of Medium Spiny Neurons through the GSK3 Pathway by Federico Scala, Miroslav N. Nenov, Elizabeth J. Crofton, Aditya K. Singh, Oluwarotimi Folorunso, Yafang Zhang, Brent C. Chesson, Norelle C. Wildburger, Thomas F. James, Musaad A. Alshammari, Tahani K. Alshammari, Hannah Elfrink, Claudio Grassi, James M. Kasper, Ashley E. Smith, Jonathan D. Hommel, Cheryl F. Lichti, Jai S. Rudra, Marcello D’Ascenzo, Thomas A. Green, Fernanda Laezza

“…These results identify GSK3β regulation of Nav1.6 as a biosignature of MSNs maladaptive plasticity. : Scala et al. show how vulnerability to reward-related behaviors associates with maladaptive plasticity of medium spiny neurons through phosphorylation of the voltage-gated Na+ channel Nav1.6 by the enzyme GSK3β. …”
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Inhibition of phospholipase D promotes neurological function recovery and reduces neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury in mice by Han Ke, Han Ke, Han Ke, Han Ke, Han Ke, Han Ke, Fan Bai, Fan Bai, Fan Bai, Fan Bai, Fan Bai, Zihan Li, Zihan Li, Zihan Li, Zihan Li, Zihan Li, Yanbing Zhu, Chunjia Zhang, Chunjia Zhang, Chunjia Zhang, Chunjia Zhang, Chunjia Zhang, Yan Li, Yan Li, Yan Li, Yan Li, Yan Li, Zuliyaer Talifu, Zuliyaer Talifu, Zuliyaer Talifu, Zuliyaer Talifu, Zuliyaer Talifu, Zuliyaer Talifu, Yunzhu Pan, Yunzhu Pan, Yunzhu Pan, Yunzhu Pan, Yunzhu Pan, Yunzhu Pan, Wubo Liu, Wubo Liu, Wubo Liu, Wubo Liu, Wubo Liu, Wubo Liu, Xin Xu, Xin Xu, Xin Xu, Xin Xu, Xin Xu, Feng Gao, Feng Gao, Feng Gao, Feng Gao, Feng Gao, Degang Yang, Degang Yang, Degang Yang, Degang Yang, Degang Yang, Liangjie Du, Liangjie Du, Liangjie Du, Liangjie Du, Liangjie Du, Yan Yu, Yan Yu, Yan Yu, Yan Yu, Yan Yu, Jianjun Li, Jianjun Li, Jianjun Li, Jianjun Li, Jianjun Li, Jianjun Li, Jianjun Li

“…Subsequently, the protein microarray analysis of spinal cord tissues revealed variations in numerous inflammatory factors. Biosignature analysis pointed to an association with immunity, thus confirming the results obtained from transcriptome sequencing.DiscussionCollectively, these observations furnish compelling evidence supporting the anti-inflammatory effect of FIPI in the context of SCI, while also offering important insights into the PLD function which may be a potential therapeutic target for SCI.…”
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Ratiometric glucose sensing based on fluorescent oxygen films and glucose oxidase by Fengyu Su, Liqiang Zhang, Xiangxing Kong, Fred Lee, Yanqing Tian, Deirdre R. Meldrum

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Inhabited or Uninhabited? Pitfalls in the Interpretation of Possible Chemical Signatures of Extraterrestrial Life by Stefan Fox, Henry Strasdeit

“…Among them are chemical biosignatures, such as biomolecules and stable isotope ratios. …”
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Using retinal electrophysiology toward precision psychiatry by Thomas Schwitzer, Marion Leboyer, Vincent Laprévote, Valérie Louis Dorr, Raymund Schwan

“…Precision medicine in psychiatry is based on the identification of homogeneous subgroups of patients with the help of biosignatures—sets of biomarkers—in order to enhance diagnosis, stratification of patients, prognosis, evaluation, and prediction of treatment response. …”
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Unveiling microbial preservation under hyperacidic and oxidizing conditions in the Oligocene Rio Tinto deposit by David C. Fernández-Remolar, Daniel Carrizo, Mourad Harir, Ting Huang, Ricardo Amils, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, Laura Sánchez-García, David Gomez-Ortiz, Per Malmberg

“…Abstract The preservation of biosignatures on Mars is largely associated with extensive deposits of clays formed under mild early Noachian conditions (> 3.9 Ga). …”
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