A novel RRGW derived peptide is a promising inhibitor of BoNT/A by Wantong Ma, Lulu Wang, Xiangmin Tan, Xin Wang, Chunyan Yang, Yu Wang, Ziye Liu, Bo Liu, Hai Zhu, Dejuan Zhi, Dongsheng Wang

“…AbstractClostridium botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) is one of the most potent biotoxins ever known. Its entry into neurons could block vesicle exocytosis to abolish the release of neurotransmitters from nerve terminals, thus leading to muscle paralysis. …”
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Identification and Monitoring of Microalgal Genera Potentially Capable of Forming Harmful Algal Blooms in Punta Galeta, Panama by Alexander González, Kathia Broce, José Fábrega-Duque, Nathalia Tejedor-Flores, Karen Young

“…The term “Harmful Algal Bloom” (HAB) refers to the excessive proliferation of some taxa of these microorganisms reaching harmful levels to humans and other organisms. Biotoxins produced by these HABs could be transferred to the food chain and are the best-documented impact that HABs have on humans. …”
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Experimental Exposure of the Mediterranean Mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis to Potentially Toxic Cyanobacteria (Synechocystis sp.) and Detection of Microcystins by Maria KALAITZIDOU, Konstantinos PAPAGEORGIOU, Alexandros THEODORIDIS, Vangelis ECONOMOU, George FILIOUSIS, Spyridon KRITAS, Panagiotis ANGELIDIS, Evanthia PETRIDOU

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AB Toxins as High-Affinity Ligands for Cell Targeting in Cancer Therapy by Ana Márquez-López, Mónica L. Fanarraga

“…However, novel alternatives have emerged in the form of targeted therapies based on AB toxins. These biotoxins are a diverse group of highly poisonous molecules that show a nanomolar affinity for their target cell receptors, making them an invaluable source of ligands for biomedical applications. …”
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Characterization of Palytoxin Binding to HaCaT Cells Using a Monoclonal Anti-Palytoxin Antibody by Chiara Florio, Aurelia Tubaro, Silvio Sosa, Marco Pelin, Mark Poli, Sabrina Boscolo

“…Palytoxin (PLTX) is the reference compound for a group of potent marine biotoxins, for which the molecular target is Na+/K+-ATPase. …”
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Absorption and Effect of Azaspiracid-1 Over the Human Intestinal Barrier by Paula Abal, M. Carmen Louzao, María Fraga, Natalia Vilariño, Sara Ferreiro, Mercedes R. Vieytes, Luis M. Botana

“…Background: Azaspiracids (AZAs) are marine biotoxins produced by the dinoflagellates genera Azadinium and Amphidoma. …”
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Dual fluorescent aptasensor for simultanous and quantitative detection of sulfadimethoxine and oxytetracycin residues in animal-derived foods tissues based on mesoporous silica by Jiaming Tang, Xiaoling Zheng, Shuang Jiang, Mingdong Cao, Sixian Wang, Zhaoyang Zhou, Xunqing Nie, Yu Fang, Tao Le

“…In summary, this study was the first to use the mesoporous silica-mediated fluorescence aptasensor for simultaneous detection of SDM and OTC, offering a new possibility to analyze other antibiotics, biotoxins, and biomolecules.…”
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Domoic Acid Epileptic Disease by John S. Ramsdell, Frances M. Gulland

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Swimming sentinels : climate clues from stranded marine mammals by Geib, Claudia M. (Claudia Marjorie)

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Contribution to the Knowledge of Cetacean Strandings in Chile between 2015 and 2020 by Mauricio Ulloa, Miguel A. Rivero, Antonio Fernández

“…According to the Chilean government official database, we described that the main causes of unusual mortality events (UME) and mass strandings from 2015 and 2016 were acute poisoning by biotoxins and strandings by multiple possible causes, respectively, while individual strandings would have their causes in anthropogenic activities, such as entanglements in fishing and aquaculture gears and collisions with vessels. …”
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New Invertebrate Vectors of Okadaic Acid from the North Atlantic Waters—Portugal (Azores and Madeira) and Morocco by Marisa Silva, Inés Rodriguez, Aldo Barreiro, Manfred Kaufmann, Ana Isabel Neto, Meryem Hassouani, Brahim Sabour, Amparo Alfonso, Luis M. Botana, Vitor Vasconcelos

“…Our main objective was to detect new vectors for these biotoxins. We can report nine new vectors for these toxins in the North Atlantic: Astropecten aranciacus, Arbacia lixula, Echinaster sepositus, Holothuria sanctori, Ophidiaster ophidianus, Onchidella celtica, Aplysia depilans, Patella spp., and Stramonita haemostoma. …”
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A Microencapsulation Method for Delivering Tetrodotoxin to Bivalves to Investigate Uptake and Accumulation by Laura Biessy, Kirsty F. Smith, Susanna A. Wood, Annabel Tidy, Roel van Ginkel, Joel R. D. Bowater, Ian Hawes

“…Most marine biotoxins are produced by microalgae. The neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX) has been reported in many seafood species worldwide but its source is unknown, making accumulation and depuration studies in shellfish difficult. …”
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Revisiting the HPLC-FLD Method to Quantify Paralytic Shellfish Toxins: C3,4 Quantification and the First Steps towards Validation by Joana F. Leal, Maria L. S. Cristiano

“…Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are a large group of biotoxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning. …”
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Transcriptomic Profile of the Cockle <i>Cerastoderma edule</i> Exposed to Seasonal Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxin Contamination by Dany Domínguez-Pérez, José Carlos Martins, Daniela Almeida, Pedro Reis Costa, Vitor Vasconcelos, Alexandre Campos

“…Bivalves constitute an important source of proteins for human consumption, but some accumulate biotoxins such as diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs), constituting a risk to human health. …”
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Analytical and functional profiles of paralytic shellfish toxins extracted from Semele proficua and Senilia senilis from Angola by Sandra Raposo-García, Ana M. Botana, Verónica Rey, Celia Costas, Luis Rodríguez-Santos, M. Carmen Louzao, Carmen Vale, Luis M. Botana

“…In 2007 and 2008 some episodes of PSP occurred in Angola where there is not monitoring program for shellfish contamination with marine biotoxins. Therefore, ten samples extracted from Semele proficua from Luanda Bay and Senilia senilis from Mussulo Bay, were analyzed by HPLC finding saxitoxin, decarbamoylsaxitoxin and other three compounds that have an unusual profile different to the known hydrophilic PSP toxins were found in different amounts and combinations. …”
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Effects of Various Marine Toxins on the Mouse Intestine Organoid Model by Nengzhuang Wang, Minghua Liu, Fengrui Bi, Long Ma, Lina Qin, Yao Wang, Kai Gu, Xuemei Ge, Hongli Yan

“…Because of their trace existence, exquisite structure and unique role, highly toxic marine biotoxins have always led to the development of natural product identification, structure and function research, chemistry and biosynthesis, and there are still many deficiencies in the injury and protection of highly toxic organisms, toxin biosynthesis, rapid detection, poisoning and diagnosis and treatment. …”
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Whole Transcriptomic Analysis Provides Insights into Molecular Mechanisms for Toxin Biosynthesis in a Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella (ACHK-T) by Yong Zhang, Shu-Fei Zhang, Lin Lin, Da-Zhi Wang

“…Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), a group of neurotoxic alkaloids, are the most potent biotoxins for aquatic ecosystems and human health. …”
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Biological characteristics of two pathogens causing brown blotch in Agaricus Bisporus and the toxin identification of Cedecea neteri by Zaixing Huang, Yiyun Huang, Yulu Nie, Bin Liu

“…These discoveries have enhanced our understanding of the biological characteristics and biotoxins of C. neteri. The research findings offer new insights for developing novel disease prevention and control strategies.…”
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Safety of oil from Schizochytrium limacinum (strain TKD‐1) for use in infant and follow‐on formula as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 by EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA), Dominique Turck, Torsten Bohn, Jacqueline Castenmiller, Stefaan De Henauw, Karen Ildico Hirsch‐Ernst, Alexandre Maciuk, Inge Mangelsdorf, Harry J. McArdle, Androniki Naska, Carmen Pelaez, Kristina Pentieva, Alfonso Siani, Frank Thies, Sophia Tsabouri, Marco Vinceti, Margarita Aguilera‐Gómez, Francesco Cubadda, Thomas Frenzel, Marina Heinonen, Miguel Prieto Maradona, Rosangela Marchelli, Monika Neuhäuser‐Berthold, Morten Poulsen, Josef Rudolf Schlatter, Alexandros Siskos, Henk vanLoveren, Emanuela Turla, Helle Katrine Knutsen

“…However, based on the available toxicological data on oils derived from Schizochytrium sp., the QPS status of the source of the NF, the production process, the composition of the NF and the absence of marine biotoxins and viable cells in the NF, the Panel considers there are no concerns with regard to toxicity of the NF. …”
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Paralytic shellfish poisoning due to ingestion of contaminated mussels: A 2018 case report in Caparica (Portugal) by Isabel Lopes de Carvalho, Ana Pelerito, Inês Ribeiro, Rita Cordeiro, Maria Sofia Núncio, Paulo Vale

“…In Portugal, the potent paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) have appeared irregularly since the onset of a national monitoring program for marine biotoxins in 1986. In years where high contamination levels were attained in bivalves, sporadic cases of human poisonings have been recorded, as in 1994 and 2007. …”
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