Pixel‐wise supervision for presentation attack detection on identity document cards by Raghavendra Mudgalgundurao, Patrick Schuch, Kiran Raja, Raghavendra Ramachandra, Naser Damer

“…Abstract Identity documents (or IDs) play an important role in verifying the identity of a person with wide applications in banks, travel, video‐identification services and border controls. Replay or photocopied ID cards can be misused to pass ID control in unsupervised scenarios if the liveness of a person is not checked. …”
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Turning the tide? Why ‘development instead of migration' policies are bound to fail by de Haas, H

“…Restrictive immigration policies and the militarisation of external border controls by the US and the EU have failed to significantly curb immigration from Latin America and Africa. …”

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS IN THE REFLECTION OF ART by M. A. Petrova

“…The easing of visa requirements and the abolition of border controls between the European countries within today’s Schengen Area are examined using the example of the passport of the famous seascape painter I. …”
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What vaccination rate(s) minimize total societal costs after ’opening up’ to COVID-19? Age-structured SIRM results for the Delta variant in Australia (New South Wales, Victoria and... by Long Chu, R. Quentin Grafton, Tom Kompas

“…WA did not have on-going community transmission nor was it in lockdown at the model start date (October 11th 2021) but did maintain strict state border controls. We projected the public health outcomes and the economic costs of ‘opening up’ (relaxation of lockdowns in NSW and VIC or fully opening the state border for WA) at alternative vaccination rates (70%, 80% and 90%), compared peak patient demand for ICU beds and ventilators to staffed state-level bed capacity, and calculated a ‘preferred’ vaccination rate that minimizes societal costs and that varies by state. …”
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What vaccination rate(s) minimize total societal costs after 'opening up' to COVID-19? Age-structured SIRM results for the Delta variant in Australia (New South Wales, Victoria and... by Long Chu, R Quentin Grafton, Tom Kompas

“…WA did not have on-going community transmission nor was it in lockdown at the model start date (October 11th 2021) but did maintain strict state border controls. We projected the public health outcomes and the economic costs of 'opening up' (relaxation of lockdowns in NSW and VIC or fully opening the state border for WA) at alternative vaccination rates (70%, 80% and 90%), compared peak patient demand for ICU beds and ventilators to staffed state-level bed capacity, and calculated a 'preferred' vaccination rate that minimizes societal costs and that varies by state. …”
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Contagious ecthyma: How serious is the disease worldwide? by Lawan, Zaharaddeen, Bala, Jamilu Abubakar, Bukar, Alhaji Modu, Balakrishnan, Krishnan Nair, Mangga, Hassana Kyari, Abdullah, Faez Firdaus Jesse, Mohamed Noordin, Mustapha, Mohd Azmi, Mohd Lila

“…An in-depth comprehension of virus infection, diagnoses, and management of the disease will enable farmers, researchers, veterinarians, abattoir workers, health personnel, and border controllers to improve their measures, skills, and effectiveness toward disease prevention and control, toward reducing unnecessary economic loss among farmers. …”

Reopening national border and the treat of COVID-19 towards Malaysia: A systematic review approach by Hafifi, R. Razman, Muhammad Zaly Shah, M. H., R. Ratna Hafiza, R. Ratna Hafiza, Wan Yusoff, W. S., Mohd. Zulkifli, M.

“…This study also highlights the review of COVID-19 for the reopening of Malaysia’s borders and puts together the new draught options for the country’s reopening. Malaysia’s border controls have been tightened to deter imported cases, mitigate locally transmitted cases, and increase the capacity of Malaysian health care facilities. …”

Modelling Aotearoa New Zealand's COVID-19 protection framework and the transition away from the elimination strategy by Giorgia Vattiato, Audrey Lustig, Oliver Maclaren, Rachelle N. Binny, Shaun C. Hendy, Emily Harvey, Dion O'Neale, Michael J. Plank

“…Here, we develop an age-structured model for the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 including the effects of vaccination, case isolation, contact tracing, border controls and population-wide control measures. …”
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Operation Status Comparison Monitoring of China’s Southeast Asian Industrial Parks before and after COVID-19 Using Nighttime Lights Data by Mingquan Wu, Huichun Ye, Zheng Niu, Wenjiang Huang, Pengyu Hao, Wang Li, Bo Yu

“…Internationally-funded enterprises have been greatly affected by COVID-19 prevention and control measures, such as border controls. However, few studies have examined the impact of COVID-19 on internationally-funded enterprises. …”
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The paradigm of the migration crisis and its influence on national legislation on irregular migration by Joanna Markiewicz-Stanny

“…Although the crisis in the migration context is defined bipolarly, a characteristic feature of the paradigm shift is focusing on the elimination or at least limitation of the presence of foreigners on the territory of the state through border controls, obstruction of access to international protection and family reunification, as well as increasing the effectiveness of forced returns. …”
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El desafío de la igualdad domestica a la apertura de las fronteras: el argumento de la singularidad de la coacción estatal | The challenge of domestic equality to the opening of b... by Federico Arcos Ramírez

“…It assumes as an empirical premise that such coercion is structurally and functionally different from what we can find in the international arena, including that which is exercised through the direct prevention and repression of the entry of persons into a given political community by means of border controls.…”
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Globalization–Income Inequality Nexus in the Post-Soviet Countries: Analysis of Heterogeneous Dataset Using the Quantiles via Moments Approach by M. Mesut Badur, Md. Monirul Islam, Kazi Sohag

“…Deglobalization, as opposed to the term globalization, appears in the world order due to local solutions to problems and border controls, ignoring the principles of treaties, trade wars, and the expansion of regionalism. …”
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COVID-19 control measures unexpectedly increased the duration of stay at High Speed Rail stations during the first community outbreak in Taiwan by Ning Chang, Yi-chen Tsai, Wei J. Chen, Chung-Chuan Lo, Hsiao-Han Chang

“…Abstract During the COVID-19 pandemic, Taiwan has implemented strict border controls and community spread prevention measures. …”
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Epidemiology, diagnosis and control of lumpy skin disease in Egyptian ruminants by M. H. Khafagi, A. A. Ghazy, M. Abd El-Fatah Mahmoud

“…Prevention of the disease depends mainly on vaccination programmes for the entire cattle and buffalo populations, restriction of animals’ movement inside the country and through country borders, controlling insect vectors, in addition to symptomatic treatment of infected animals. …”

Robodeport or surveillance fantasy?: how automated is automatic visa cancellation in Australia? by Leanne Weber, Alison Gerard

“…Australia has been widely condemned for its harsh and comprehensive external border controls that seek to control the inward mobility of would-be asylum seekers through visa denial, interdiction and offshore detention. …”
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Population health differences in cross-border regions within the European Union and Schengen area: a protocol for a scoping review by Viola Angelini, Tobias Vogt, Sophie Stroisch, Sebastian Schnettler

“…While drivers of these health inequalities have been widely researched on a national and regional scale, cross-border regions remain understudied. The removal of border controls within the European Union (EU) member states has facilitated economic convergence and created new opportunities, including cross-border cooperation in the healthcare systems. …”
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Merkel Government’s Refugee Policy: Under Bounded Rationality by Zhongqi Niu, Wenlong Song, Yantong Lu, Xingyu Bao

“…It identifies the three factors that influenced the Merkel government’s refugee policy: (a) strict border controls, (b) welcome culture, and (c) welcome culture under restrained policies. …”
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Comparison between Management and Pharmacotherapy of COVID-19 in Iran and Switzerland by Payam Peymani, Somaye Bazdar, Leila Zarei, Mehdi Hoorang, Nazafarin Hatami-Mazinani, Kamran B Lankarani, Ali Reza Salili, Fatemeh Dehghani, Farshad Bargrizaneh, Sara Moghaddam, Maryam Matouri, Shima Jafari, Seyyed Amirreza Saghi, Hamed Delam, Motahareh Mahi-Birjand

“…These policies, including social distancing practices, smart distancing methods, business activities, border closures, border controls, and restrictions, travel restrictions, testing and screening for infection and fever, and decreased working hours, were performed in both countries. …”
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Simulation design of online Beam Monitoring for the MULTISCAN 3D Laser-Plasma X-Ray Source by Garrido Eric, Tisseur David, Carasco Cedric, Perot Bertrand

“…Many private and public actors in the security field use imaging systems with embedded X-ray accelerators for rail, seaports and border controls. These accelerators produce X-rays by the Bremsstrahlung effect, leading the output beam to have a very wide energy spectrum which precise form is difficult to know, especially the end-point energy. …”
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Mortality in Norway and Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic 2020–22: A comparative study by Per-Henrik Zahl, Örjan Hemström, Rune Johansen, Svenn-Erik Mamelund

“…Norway introduced the strictest lockdown in Europe with strict border controls and intense virus tracking of all local outbreaks while Sweden did not. …”
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