Perspectives on the urological care in Parkinson’s disease patients by Mohamad Moussa, Mohamad Abou Chakra, Athanasios G. Papatsoris, Athanasios Dellis, Baraa Dabboucy, Michael Peyromaure, Nicolas Barry Delongchamps, Hugo Bailly, Igor Duquesne

“…However, it is important to balance the therapeutic benefits of these drugs with their potential adverse effects. Intra-detrusor Botulinum toxin injections, electrical stimulation were also used to treat OAB in those patients with variable efficacy. …”
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Neuroimaging Findings in Hemifacial Spasm: A Single-Center Experience by Tuğba Eyigürbüz, Zerrin Yıldırım, Elif Korkut, Ece Akalın Akkaş, Mehmet Turgut Adatepe, Nilüfer Kale

“…Fifty-one patients were treated with botulinum toxin injections only.Conclusion:Vascular compression is often noted on imaging of patients with primary HFS, but as in our case series, an empty sella finding in patients with chronic headache may be a sign of IIH and should not be overlooked. …”
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Impact of Urinary Incontinence on Women’s Sexuality by Sílvia Escura Sancho, Laura Ribera-Torres, Camil Castelo-Branco, Sònia Anglès-Acedo

“…A significant improvement of the overactive bladder associated to urgency UI and female sexual function has been described after the pharmacological treatment or botulinum toxin. Finally, significant improvement of the sexual function has also been found after midurethral slings for stress UI, as well as for coital UI.…”
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Health-related quality of life of daily-life-affected benign essential blepharospasm: Multi-center observational study. by Parima Hirunwiwatkul, Wajamon Supawatjariyakul, Supharat Jariyakosol, Supanut Apinyawasisuk, Jiruth Sriratanaban, Yuda Chongpison, Priya Jagota, Nipat Aui-Aree, Juthamat Witthayaweerasak, Suwanna Setthawatcharawanich, Kitthisak Kitthaweesin, Niphon Chirapapaisan, Piyawadee Chaimongkoltrakul, Poramaet Laowanapiban, Linda Hansapinyo, Suthida Panpitpat, Sireedhorn Kurathong, Jirat Nimworaphan, Suntaree Thitiwichienlert, Kavin Vanikieti, Narong Samipak, Worapot Srimanan, Nattapong Mekhasingharak, Pareena Chaitanuwong

“…<h4>Purpose</h4>To compare Thais' health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and severity grading, efficacy and safety in daily-life-affected benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) patients at baseline and after Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) treatment.<h4>Design</h4>Prospective-observational study.…”
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Clinical Manifestation of Juvenile and Pediatric HD Patients: A Retrospective Case Series by Jannis Achenbach, Charlotte Thiels, Thomas Lücke, Carsten Saft

“…Beside dopaminergic drugs for treatment of bradykinesia, benzodiazepines and tetrabenazine for treatment of dystonia, cannabinoids, botulinum toxin injection and deep brain stimulation were used for the improvement of movement disorders, clozapine for the treatment of tremor, and dopa-induced hallucinations and zuclopenthixole for the treatment of severe aggressive behavior. …”
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Optimizing Botox regimens in patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia and essential tremor of voice: A 31‐year experience by Amy Stone, Maria E. Powell, Kaitlyn Hamers, K. Charles Fletcher, David O. Francis, Mark S. Courey, James L. Netterville, C. Gaelyn Garrett

“…Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to quantitatively compare the effectiveness of unilateral and bilateral botulinum toxin A (BTX‐A) injections for mitigating undesirable weak/breathy voice quality and dysphagia for patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia and/or essential tremor of voice (ETV). …”
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Clinical spectrum and management of dystonia in patients with Japanese encephalitis: A systematic review by Roshan Aryal, Suraj Shrestha, Sushan Homagain, Sunit Chhetri, Kshitiz Shrestha, Sanjeev Kharel, Ragesh Karn, Reema Rajbhandari, Bikram Prasad Gajurel, Rajeev Ojha

“…Oral medications including anticholinergics, GABA agonists, and benzodiazepines followed by botulinum toxin were the most common treatment modalities. …”
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Health-related quality of life of daily-life-affected benign essential blepharospasm: Multi-center observational study by Parima Hirunwiwatkul, Wajamon Supawatjariyakul, Supharat Jariyakosol, Supanut Apinyawasisuk, Jiruth Sriratanaban, Yuda Chongpison, Priya Jagota, Nipat Aui-aree, Juthamat Witthayaweerasak, Suwanna Setthawatcharawanich, Kitthisak Kitthaweesin, Niphon Chirapapaisan, Piyawadee Chaimongkoltrakul, Poramaet Laowanapiban, Linda Hansapinyo, Suthida Panpitpat, Sireedhorn Kurathong, Jirat Nimworaphan, Suntaree Thitiwichienlert, Kavin Vanikieti, Narong Samipak, Worapot Srimanan, Nattapong Mekhasingharak, Pareena Chaitanuwong

“…<h4>Purpose</h4> To compare Thais’ health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and severity grading, efficacy and safety in daily-life-affected benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) patients at baseline and after Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) treatment. <h4>Design</h4> Prospective-observational study. …”
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Cost analysis of botulinum therapy of spastic forms of cerebral palsy in Ukraine by S. O. Soloviov, O. V. Nazar, M. V. Leleka

“…Along with motor rehabilitation, the use of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is considered one of the main methods of treatment of choice for focal spastic and dystonic syndromes, regardless of their etiology. …”
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Surgical Strategies for Cervical Deformities Associated With Neuromuscular Disorders by Jong Joo Lee, Sung Han Oh, Yeong Ha Jeong, Sang Man Park, Hyeong Seok Jeon, Hyung-Cheol Kim, Seong Bae An, Dong Ah Shin, Seong Yi, Keung Nyun Kim, Do Heum Yoon, Jun Jae Shin, Yoon Ha

“…Various methods such as botulinum toxin injection, physical therapy, muscle division technique, or intrathecal baclofen pump implant may help control abnormal involuntary movements and improve spinal stability. …”
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A report on the potential of Rac1/pSTAT3 protein levels in T lymphocytes to assess the pharmacodynamic effect of thiopurine therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients by Debbie S. Deben, Rob H. Creemers, Arjan J. van Adrichem, Roosmarie Drent, Audrey H. H. Merry, Mathie P. G. Leers, Adriaan A. van Bodegraven, Dennis R. Wong

“…The immune suppressive effect of thiopurines is primarily based on blocking the Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) causing apoptosis of T lymphocytes by inhibition of the phosphorylated downstream transcription factor Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (pSTAT3). …”
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Timing of Novel Drug 1A-116 to Circadian Rhythms Improves Therapeutic Effects against Glioblastoma by Laura Lucía Trebucq, Georgina Alexandra Cardama, Pablo Lorenzano Menna, Diego Andrés Golombek, Juan José Chiesa, Luciano Marpegan

“…The novel drug 1A-116 blocks the interaction site of the Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) GTPase with some of its guanine exchange factors (GEFs), such as T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1 (TIAM1), inhibiting cell motility and proliferation. …”
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Changes in Cortical Activity in Stroke Survivors Undergoing Botulinum Neurotoxin Therapy for Treatment of Focal Spasticity by Kaleb Vinehout, Kelsey Tynes, Miguel R. Sotelo, Allison S. Hyngstrom, John R. McGuire, Brian D. Schmit, Brian D. Schmit

“…Determining the effects of BoNT-A therapy on brain neuroplasticity could help physicians customize its use and predict its outcome.Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Botulinum Toxin-A therapy for treatment of focal spasticity on brain activation and functional connectivity.Design: We used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to track changes in blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) activation and functional connectivity associated with BoNT-A therapy in nine chronic stroke participants, and eight age-matched controls. …”
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A Rare Case of Facial Artery Branching—A Review of the Literature and a Case Report with Clinical Implications by Martin Siwetz, Nicol Turnowsky, Niels Hammer, Michael Pretterklieber, Andreas Wree, Veronica Antipova

“…An exact knowledge of individual facial artery anatomy may play an important role in the planning of flaps or tumor excisions due to the differing vascularization and can also help to prevent artery injuries during aesthetic procedures such as filler and botulinum toxin injections.…”
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POTEE promotes breast cancer cell malignancy by inducing invadopodia formation through the activation of SUMOylated Rac1 by Angélica Martínez‐López, Ana García‐Casas, Guiomar Infante, Mónica González‐Fernández, Nélida Salvador, Mar Lorente, Marina Mendiburu‐Eliçabe, Santiago Gonzalez‐Moreno, Pedro Villarejo‐Campos, Guillermo Velasco, Angeliki Malliri, Sonia Castillo‐Lluva

“…The small GTPase Rac1 (Ras‐related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) has been implicated in cancer progression and in the poor prognosis of various types of tumors. …”
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A microCT-based platform to quantify drug targeting by Brandon J. Ausk, Adam N. Tucker, Philippe Huber, Reza Firoozabadi, Jeffrey M. Gross, Ted S. Gross, Steven D. Bain

“…Prophylactic dosing of botulinum toxin type A (BTxA) holds potential as a novel treatment option if accurately distributed throughout soft-tissue volumes where protection is clinically desired. …”
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A systematic review and network meta-analysis of pharmaceutical interventions used to manage chronic pain by Ashish Shetty, Gayathri Delanerolle, Heitor Cavalini, Chunli Deng, Xiaojie Yang, Amy Boyd, Tacson Fernandez, Peter Phiri, Arun Bhaskar, Jian Qing Shi

“…Pooled evidence also indicated significant drug efficiency with Botulinum Toxin Type-A (BTX-A) and Ketamine. Chronic pain is a public health problem that requires far more effective pharmaceutical interventions with minimal better side-effect profiles which will aid to develop better clinical guidelines. …”
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Recent Developments in the Use of Intralesional Injections Keloid Treatment by Aurelia Trisliana Perdanasari, Davide Lazzeri, Weijie Su, Wenjing Xi, Zhang Zheng, Li Ke, Peiru Min, Shaoqing Feng, Yi Xin Zhang, Paolo Persichetti

“…Through a PubMed search, we explored most of the literature that is available about the intralesional injection treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids and highlights both current (corticosteroid, 5-fluorouracil, bleomycin, interferon, cryotherapy and verapamil) and future treatments (interleukin-10 and botulinum toxin type A). The reference lists of retrieved articles were also analysed. …”
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Rac1/Wave2/Arp3 Pathway Mediates Rat Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction under Simulated Microgravity Based on Proteomics Strategy by Ranran Yan, Huayan Liu, Fang Lv, Yulin Deng, Yujuan Li

“…The inhibited Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1)/Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein family verprolin-homologous protein 2 (Wave2)/actin-related protein 3 (Arp3) pathway and the decreased ratio of filamentous actin (F-actin) to globular actin contributed to BBB dysfunction induced by SMG. …”
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A bibliometric analysis of cerebral palsy from 2003 to 2022 by Yue Hu, Yadan Zheng, Yue Yang, Wenfeng Fang, Maomao Huang, Dan Li, Zhangyu Xu, Fangyuan Xu, Jianxiong Wang, Jianxiong Wang, Jianxiong Wang

“…The most common keywords were gait (553), rehabilitation (440), spasticity (325), botulinum toxin (174), therapy (148), upper extremity (141), quality of life (140), disability (115), pain (98), electromyography (97), kinematics (90), balance (88), participation (85), and walking (79).ConclusionThis study provides a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the CP-related literature. …”
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