GSK3 as a Regulator of Cytoskeleton Architecture: Consequences for Health and Disease by Daria Hajka, Bartosz Budziak, Łukasz Pietras, Przemysław Duda, James A. McCubrey, Agnieszka Gizak

“…As a regulator of actin and tubulin cytoskeleton, GSK3 influences processes of cell polarization, interaction with the extracellular matrix, and directional migration of cells and their organelles during the growth and development of an animal organism. …”
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Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 as the therapeutic target of atherosclerotic diseases: past, present and future by Xiao-Er Tang, Ya-Qiong Cheng, Chao-Ke Tang

“…Recently, it has been reported that PTPN2 exerts an anti-atherosclerotic effect by regulating vascular endothelial injury, monocyte proliferation and migration, macrophage polarization, T cell polarization, autophagy, pyroptosis, and insulin resistance. …”
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Th2 Cell Activation in Chronic Liver Disease Is Driven by Local IL33 and Contributes to IL13-Dependent FibrogenesisSummary by Johanna Reißing, Marie Berres, Pavel Strnad, Alexander Wree, Maria Eugenia Inzaugarat, Christian Trautwein, Tony Bruns, Henning Wolfgang Zimmermann

“…Here, we aimed at unravelling mechanisms involved in T helper 2 (Th2) T-cell polarization, activation, and recruitment in human liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. …”
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Endothelial cell-initiated extravasation of cancer cells visualized in zebrafish by Masamitsu Kanada, Jinyan Zhang, Libo Yan, Takashi Sakurai, Susumu Terakawa

“…The inhibition of VEGF-signaling impaired the invasion-type extravasation via inhibition of cancer cell polarization and motility. Paradoxically, the anti-angiogenic treatment showed the promotion, rather than the inhibition, of the endothelial covering-type extravasation of cancer cells, with structural changes in the endothelial walls. …”
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Multifaceted Roles of CD5L in Infectious and Sterile Inflammation by Lidia Sanchez-Moral, Neus Ràfols, Clara Martori, Tony Paul, Érica Téllez, Maria-Rosa Sarrias

“…In addition to its well-defined function as an anti-apoptotic protein, research over the last decade has uncovered additional roles that range from pattern recognition to autophagy, cell polarization, and the regulation of lipid metabolism. …”
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Self-organization in amoeboid motility by Andrew Callan-Jones

“…This implies a restructuring of the migration machinery at the cell scale and suggests a close link between cell polarization and migration mediated by self-organizing mechanisms. …”
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TGF-β in transplantation tolerance. by Regateiro, F, Howie, D, Cobbold, S, Waldmann, H

“…Recently, however, the general anti-inflammatory role of TGF-β in CD4(+) T cell polarization was questioned by the discovery that, in the presence of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 or IL-1, TGF-β drives the differentiation of Th17 cells associated with transplant rejection. …”

LFA-1 in T cell priming, differentiation, and effector functions by Gerard, A, AP, Cope, Kemper, C, Alon, R, Kochl, R

“…These include roles in homotypic T cell: T cell communication, the induction of intracellular complement activity underlying Th1 effector cell polarization, and the support of long-lasting T cell memory. …”

TGF-β in transplantation tolerance by Regateiro, F, Howie, D, Cobbold, S, Waldmann, H

“…Recently, however, the general anti-inflammatory role of TGF-β in CD4 + T cell polarization was questioned by the discovery that, in the presence of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 or IL-1, TGF-β drives the differentiation of Th17 cells associated with transplant rejection. …”

Actomyosin Pulsing in Tissue Integrity Maintenance during Morphogenesis by Coravos, Jonathan Stuck, Mason, Frank M, Martin, Adam C

“…These so-called actomyosin pulses have been observed in a variety of contexts, including cell polarization and division, and in epithelia, where they occur during tissue contraction, folding, and extension. …”
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Baculovirus Expression and Functional Analysis of Vpa2 Proteins from <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> by Oihane Simón, Leopoldo Palma, Ana Beatriz Fernández, Trevor Williams, Primitivo Caballero

“…However, expression of Vpa2Ac1 and Vpa2-like2 induced cell polarization, similar to that produced by the microfilament-destabilizing agent cytochalasin D and OBs were not produced. …”
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Centering and Shifting of Centrosomes in Cells by Anton V. Burakov, Elena S. Nadezhdina

“…Centrosomal displacement is caused by external cues, depending on signaling, and is drawn through the redistribution of dynein, the asymmetrization of microtubules through the capture of their plus ends, and the redistribution of actomyosin, which, in turn, is associated with basal-apical cell polarization.…”
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Phosphoinositide Signaling in Immune Cell Migration by Ruchi Kakar, Chinmoy Ghosh, Yue Sun

“…Phosphoinositide signaling plays critical roles in modulating immune cell migration by controlling cell polarization, cytoskeletal rearrangement, protrusion formation, and uropod contraction. …”
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IL-15 negatively regulates curdlan-induced IL-23 production by human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and subsequent Th17 response by Ahmet Eken, Zehra Okuş, Şerife Erdem, Zehra Büşra Azizoğlu, Yeşim Haliloğlu, Ayten Biçer, Tuğba Nur Gür, Ebru Yilmaz, Musa Karakukcu, Hamiyet Donmez Altuntas, Halit Canatan

“…OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of long- and short-term IL-15 cytokine exposure of human monocyte-derived curdlan-matured dendritic cells (DCs) on the production of Th17 cell-polarizing cytokine IL-23 and subsequent Th17 cell activation. …”
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CD28 expression is required after T cell priming for helper T cell responses and protective immunity to infection by Michelle A Linterman, Alice E Denton, Devina P Divekar, Ilona Zvetkova, Leanne Kane, Cristina Ferreira, Marc Veldhoen, Simon Clare, Gordon Dougan, Marion Espéli, Kenneth GC Smith

“…Together, this study demonstrates that CD28 persistence is required for helper T cell polarization in response to infection, describing a novel function for CD28 that is distinct from its role in T cell priming.…”
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Size-dependent patterns of cell proliferation and migration in freely-expanding epithelia by Matthew A Heinrich, Ricard Alert, Julienne M LaChance, Tom J Zajdel, Andrej Košmrlj, Daniel J Cohen

“…To explain vortex formation, we propose an active polar fluid model with a feedback between cell polarization and tissue flow. Taken together, our findings suggest that expanding epithelia decouple their internal and edge regions, which enables robust expansion dynamics despite the presence of size- and history-dependent patterns in the tissue interior.…”
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Potential mechanisms of exercise for relieving inflammatory pain: a literature review of animal studies by Minmin Wu, Wenjing Song, Mei Zhang, Lili Teng, Qiang Tang, Luwen Zhu

“…Here, we reviewed the current animal experimental evidence for an exercise intervention in IP and proposed biological mechanisms for the effects of synaptic plasticity in the anterior cingulate cortex, endocannabinoids, spinal dorsal horn excitability balance, immune cell polarization balance, cytokines, and glial cells. …”
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Calcium-mediated shaping of naive CD4 T-cell phenotype and function by Vincent Guichard, Nelly Bonilla, Aurélie Durand, Alexandra Audemard-Verger, Thomas Guilbert, Bruno Martin, Bruno Lucas, Cédric Auffray

“…To decipher the molecular mechanisms governing this process, we here focus on the TCR signaling cascade and demonstrate that a rise in intracellular calcium levels is sufficient to modulate the phenotype of mouse naive CD4 T cells and to increase their sensitivity to regulatory T-cell polarization signals, both processes relying on calcineurin activation. …”
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Membrane tension induces F-actin reorganization and flow in a biomimetic model cortex by Ryota Sakamoto, Deb Sankar Banerjee, Vikrant Yadav, Sheng Chen, Margaret L. Gardel, Cecile Sykes, Shiladitya Banerjee, Michael P. Murrell

“…Abstract The accumulation and transmission of mechanical stresses in the cell cortex and membrane determines the mechanics of cell shape and coordinates essential physical behaviors, from cell polarization to cell migration. However, the extent that the membrane and cytoskeleton each contribute to the transmission of mechanical stresses to coordinate diverse behaviors is unclear. …”
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Orientational Coupling Locally Orchestrates a Cell Migration Pattern for Re-Epithelialization by Hu, Benhui, Leow, Wan Ru, Amini, Shahrouz, Nai, Brenda, Zhang, Xiaoqian, Liu, Zhiyuan, Cai, Pingqiang, Li, Zhuyun, Wu, Yun-Long, Miserez, Ali, Lim, Chwee Teck, Chen, Xiaodong

“…Here, it is reported that the spatial organization of adjacent adherent paths within sparsely distributed extracellular matrix (ECM) has a significant impact on the orientational coupling between cell polarization and collective cell migration. This coupling effect determines the migration pattern for human keratinocytes to regain their cohesion, which impacts the occupancy of epithelial bridge and the migration velocity in wound repair. …”
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