Anion- or Cation-Exchange Membranes for NaBH<sub>4</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2 </sub>Fuel Cells? by César A. C. Sequeira, Diogo M. F. Santos, Ana L. Morais, Biljana Šljukić

“…The membranes are compared directly by the observation and analysis of the corresponding DBFC’s performance. Cell polarization, power density, stability, and durability tests are used in the membranes’ evaluation. …”
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EGF-Receptor against Amphiregulin (AREG) Influences Costimulatory Molecules on Monocytes and T Cells and Modulates T-Cell Responses by Stephan Dreschers, Christopher Platen, Louise Oppermann, Caitlin Doughty, Andreas Ludwig, Aaron Babendreyer, Thorsten W. Orlikowsky

“…The rearranged expression of immunological synapse proteins was accompanied by an alteration of T-cell polarization. Although the proportion of regulatory T cells was not shifted by AREG, IL-17-expressing T cells were significantly enhanced, with a bias toward TH1-polarization. …”
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Nitric Oxide Production and Apoptosis Induction in T Cells through Stimulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Zymosan by Elham darabi, Ahmad Morshedi, Amir Tokmechi, Norooz Delirezh

“…The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of zymosan on stem cell polarization into anti-inflammatory phenotypes through the production of nitric oxide and apoptosis induction in activated T cells. …”
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Plasmodium infection disrupts the T follicular helper cell response to heterologous immunization by Mary F Fontana, Erica Ollmann Saphire, Marion Pepper

“…Our results indicate that DCs remain competent to activate T cells during Plasmodium infection, but that T cell polarization and humoral responses are severely disrupted. …”
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Single Cell Center of Mass for the Analysis of BMP Receptor Heterodimers Distributions by Hendrik Boog, Rebecca Medda, Elisabetta Ada Cavalcanti-Adam

“…Our ComRed-based analysis of BMPR-complexes indicates that receptor distribution depends on cell polarization. The absence of a coordinated internalization after addition of BMP suggests that a rapid and continual recycling of BMPRs might occur. …”
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Transcriptome Analysis Unveils That Exosomes Derived from M1-Polarized Microglia Induce Ferroptosis of Neuronal Cells by Sheng Gao, Shu Jia, Luyue Bai, Dongru Li, Chunyang Meng

“…M0-BV2 exosomes had no distinct effects on ferroptosis in neuronal cells, whereas M1-BV2 exosomes significantly reduced ferroptosis suppressor proteins (GPX4, SLC7A11, and FTH1) and elevated the levels of intracellular and mitochondrial ferrous iron and lipid peroxidation in neuronal cells. Polarized M1-BV2 microglia exosomes can induce ferroptosis in neuronal cells, thereby aggravating neuronal damage. …”
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Theoretical analysis of mixed open-circuit potential for high temperature electrochemical cells electrodes by A. Cammarata, A. Cammarata, L. Mastropasqua

“…This is expected when thermochemical reactions, in parallel to electrochemical reactions occur, since the additional H2 produced by internal steam methane reforming is not accounted within the local mixed potential model. A fuel cell polarization model is developed based on the results from the calibration procedure, and it is used to predict the polarization behavior of an SOFC fed with a H2-H2O-CO-CO2 fuel mixture. …”
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An EPAC1/PDE1C-Signaling Axis Regulates Formation of Leading-Edge Protrusion in Polarized Human Arterial Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Paulina Brzezinska, Donald H. Maurice

“…Herein, we report that EPAC1 facilitates the formation of leading-edge protrusions (LEPs) in HASMCs, a critical early event in the cell polarization that underpins their migration. Thus, RNAi-mediated silencing, or the selective pharmacological inhibition, of EPAC1 decreased the formation of LEPs by these cells. …”
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Testing models of mRNA localization reveals robustness regulated by reducing transport between cells by Harrison, J, Parton, R, Davis, I, Baker, R

“…For example, messenger RNA (mRNA) localization by molecular motor-driven transport is crucial for cell polarization in numerous contexts, but the regulatory mechanisms that enable this process to take place in the face of noise or significant perturbations are not fully understood. …”

Interferon regulatory factor 4 plays a pivotal role in the development of aGVHD-associated colitis by Jochen T. Frueh, Julia Campe, Daniele Yumi Sunaga-Franze, Nikita A. Verheyden, Sakhila Ghimire, Elisabeth Meedt, Denise Haslinger, Sabine Harenkamp, Daniel Staudenraus, Sascha Sauer, Andreas Kreft, Ralf Schubert, Michael Lohoff, Andreas Krueger, Halvard Bonig, Andreas G. Chiocchetti, Robert Zeiser, Ernst Holler, Evelyn Ullrich

“…Finally, our results indicate that IRF4 and BACH2 act as counterparts in Th cell polarization and immune homeostasis during GVHD. In conclusion, targeting the BACH2/IRF4-axis could help to develop novel therapeutic approaches against GVHD.…”
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Recovery of Innate Immune Cells and Persisting Alterations in Adaptive Immunity in the Peripheral Blood of Convalescent Plasma Donors at Eight Months Post SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Ioannis V. Kostopoulos, Nikolaos Orologas-Stavrou, Pantelis Rousakis, Chrysanthi Panteli, Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Ioanna Charitaki, Eleni Korompoki, Maria Gavriatopoulou, Efstathios Kastritis, Ioannis P. Trougakos, Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos, Ourania E. Tsitsilonis, Evangelos Terpos

“…Regarding adaptive immunity, the COVID-19-related skewed Th1 and Th2 cell polarization remained at the same levels as in two months. …”
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Fetal and Maternal Placenta Possess Key Similarities and Differences: Potential Implications for Their Applications in Regenerative Medicine by Andrea Papait, Elsa Vertua, Marta Magatti, Sabrina Ceccariglia, Silvia De Munari, Antonietta Rosa Silini, Michal Sheleg, Racheli Ofir, Ornella Parolini

“…We compared immune modulatory properties evaluating effects on T-lymphocyte proliferation, expression of cytotoxicity markers, T-helper and T-regulatory cell polarization, and monocyte differentiation toward antigen presenting cells (APC). …”
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Unexpected Pro-Fibrotic Effect of MIF in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Is Linked to a Shift in NKT Cell Populations by Daniel Heinrichs, Elisa F. Brandt, Petra Fischer, Janine Köhncke, Theresa H. Wirtz, Nurdan Guldiken, Sonja Djudjaj, Peter Boor, Daniela Kroy, Ralf Weiskirchen, Richard Bucala, Hermann E. Wasmuth, Pavel Strnad, Christian Trautwein, Jürgen Bernhagen, Marie-Luise Berres

“…In NAFLD progression, MIF contributes to liver fibrogenesis skewing NKT cell polarization toward a pro-fibrotic phenotype highlighting the complex, context-dependent role of MIF during chronic liver injury.…”
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TiO2 nanostructured implant surface-mediated M2c polarization of inflammatory monocyte requiring intact cytoskeleton rearrangement by Zhaoyue Fu, Yongli Hou, Håvard Jostein Haugen, Xutao Chen, Kang Tang, Liang Fang, Yong Liu, Shu Zhang, Qianli Ma, Lihua Chen

“…However, such manipulative effects of NTs surfaces on iMos-derived macrophages were strikingly weakened by SMG, characterized by the altered macrophage morphology, changed cytokine secretion profile, and decreased cell polarization capacity. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first metallic implantable material study focusing on the functions of specific monocyte subsets and its crucial role of the cytoskeleton in materials-mediated host immune response, which enriches our mechanism knowledge about the crosstalk between immunocytes and biomaterials. …”
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Influence of Caudovirales Phages on Humoral Immunity in Mice by Anton Chechushkov, Yuliya Kozlova, Ivan Baykov, Vera Morozova, Bogdana Kravchuk, Tatyana Ushakova, Alevtina Bardasheva, Ekaterina Zelentsova, Lina Al Allaf, Artem Tikunov, Valentin Vlassov, Nina Tikunova

“…Although they have been recognized as bacterial viruses and are considered to be non-interacting with eukaryotic cells, there is growing evidence that phages may have a significant impact on the immune system via interactions with macrophages, neutrophils, and T-cell polarization. In this study, the influence of phages of podovirus, siphovirus, and myovirus morphotypes on humoral immunity of CD-1 mice was investigated. …”
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Ascaris lumbricoides coinfection reduces tissue damage by decreasing IL-6 levels without altering clinical evolution of pulmonary tuberculosis or Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine profile by João Hugo Abdalla Santos, Samira Bührer-Sékula, Gisely Cardoso Melo, Marcelo Cordeiro-Santos, João Paulo Diniz Pimentel, Adriano Gomes-Silva, Allyson Guimarães Costa, Valeria Saraceni, Alda Maria Da-Cruz, Marcus Vinícius Guimarães Lacerda

“…Abstract INTRODUCTION: Immunological control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is dependent on the cellular immune response, mediated predominantly by Th1 type CD4+ T cells. Polarization of the immune response to Th2 can inhibit the host immune protection against pathogens. …”
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Cost-Effective Mechanical Aggregation of Cardiac Progenitors and Encapsulation in Matrigel Support Self-Organization in a Dynamic Culture Environment by Tiago P. Dias, Sandra N. Pinto, Sandra Carvalho, Tiago G. Fernandes, Fábio Fernandes, Maria Margarida Diogo, Maria C. Peleteiro, Manuel Prieto, Joaquim M. S. Cabral

“…Matrigel encapsulation conjugated with a dynamic culture promoted cell migration and the creation of organized structures, with observed cell polarization and the creation of lumens. In addition, encapsulation increased buoyancy and decreased coalescence of the hiPSC-derived cardiac aggregates. …”
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Cell Sheets Restore Secretory Function in Wounded Mouse Submandibular Glands by Harim T. dos Santos, Kyungsook Kim, Teruo Okano, Jean M. Camden, Gary A. Weisman, Olga J. Baker, Kihoon Nam

“…Furthermore, cell sheet transplantation in wounded SMG induces a significant time-dependent enhancement of cell polarization, differentiation and ion transporter expression. …”
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Leishmania major-derived lipophosphoglycan influences the host’s early immune response by inducing platelet activation and DKK1 production via TLR1/2 by Olivia C. Ihedioha, Anutr Sivakoses, Stephen M. Beverley, Diane McMahon-Pratt, Alfred L. M. Bothwell

“…LPG mediated platelet activation and DKK1 production occurs through TLR1/2.ConclusionThus, LPG is a key virulence factor that induces DKK1 production from activated platelets, and the circulating DKK1 promotes Th2 cell polarization. This suggests that LPG-activated platelets can drive innate and adaptive immune responses to Leishmania infection.…”
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Distinct Expression of Inflammatory Features in T Helper 17 Cells from Multiple Sclerosis Patients by Alessia Capone, Manuela Bianco, Gabriella Ruocco, Marco De Bardi, Luca Battistini, Serena Ruggieri, Claudio Gasperini, Diego Centonze, Claudio Sette, Elisabetta Volpe

“…To gain insight into the function of Th17 cells in MS, we tested whether Th17 cells polarized from naïve CD4 T cells of healthy donors and MS patients display different features. …”
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