<i>Tetraselmis jejuensis</i> sp. nov. (Chlorodendrophyceae), a Euryhaline Microalga Found in Supralittoral Tide Pools at Jeju Island, Korea by Jun-Ho Hyung, Eun-Joo Kim, Seung-Joo Moon, Nam Seon Kang, Jaeyeon Park

“…Morphological characterization revealed that the cells have a compressed shape, four flagella emerging from a depression near the apex in two opposite pairs, a cup-shaped chloroplast containing one pyrenoid surrounded by starch, and eyespot regions not located near the flagellar base. …”
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At the Edges of Photosynthetic Metabolic Plasticity—On the Rapidity and Extent of Changes Accompanying Salinity Stress-Induced CAM Photosynthesis Withdrawal by Michał Nosek, Katarzyna Gawrońska, Piotr Rozpądek, Marzena Sujkowska-Rybkowska, Zbigniew Miszalski, Andrzej Kornaś

“…However, in plants withdrawn from salinity stress, during the first 24 h of recovery, we observed chloroplast ultrastructures closely resembling those found in intact (control) ice plants. …”
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Genome-Wide Investigation of <i>BAM</i> Gene Family in <i>Annona atemoya</i>: Evolution and Expression Network Profiles during Fruit Ripening by Luli Wang, Minmin Jing, Shuailei Gu, Dongliang Li, Xiaohong Dai, Zhihui Chen, Jingjing Chen

“…Subcellular localization analysis revealed that <i>AaBAM3</i> and <i>AaBAM9</i> were located in the chloroplast, and <i>AaBAM1.2</i> was located in the cell membrane and the chloroplast. …”
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Hidden Hybridization and Habitat Differentiation in a Mediterranean Macrophyte, the Euryhaline Genus Ruppia by Lise Beirinckx, Bram Vanschoenwinkel, Bram Vanschoenwinkel, Ludwig Triest

“…To identify each sample and reconstruct the local genetic structure of the two parental species and their hybrids, we used both chloroplast and nuclear microsatellite markers. Afterward, we tested whether different species had different habitat preferences. …”
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Heterologous synthesis of chlorophyll b in Nannochloropsis salina enhances growth and lipid production by increasing photosynthetic efficiency by Hyun Gi Koh, Nam Kyu Kang, Seungjib Jeon, Sung-Eun Shin, Byeong-ryool Jeong, Yong Keun Chang

“…In addition, the localization of heterologous proteins to the chloroplast of Nannochloropsis has not been fully studied, due to the secondary plastid surrounded by four membranes. …”
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Acetolactate synthase regulatory subunits play divergent and overlapping roles in branched-chain amino acid synthesis and Arabidopsis development by Mohammad H. Dezfulian, Curtis Foreman, Espanta Jalili, Mrinal Pal, Rajdeep K. Dhaliwal, Don Karl A. Roberto, Kathleen M. Imre, Susanne E. Kohalmi, William L. Crosby

“…While BCAA synthesis is believed to be localized to the chloroplast, both AIP1 and AIP3 were found to localize to the peroxisome in addition to the chloroplast. …”
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Population genetic structure and variability in Lindera glauca (Lauraceae) indicates low levels of genetic diversity and skewed sex ratios in natural populations in mainland China by Biao Xiong, Limei Zhang, Shubin Dong, Zhixiang Zhang

“…Analyses of molecular variance obtained with nuclear markers (Fsc = 0.293, FST = 0.362) and chloroplast markers (Fsc = 0.299, FST = 0.312) were similar. …”
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Reducing the Halotolerance Gap between Sensitive and Resistant Tomato by Spraying Melatonin by Rong Zhou, Benjian Cen, Fangling Jiang, Mintao Sun, Junqin Wen, Xue Cao, Shouyao Cui, Lingpeng Kong, Niannian Zhou, Zhen Wu

“…The SM/S of SG in terms of photosynthetic parameters and pigment content were significantly higher than that of RG. Chloroplast ultrastructure showed remarkable changes under salt stress, whereas spraying melatonin reduced the destruction of chloroplasts, especially for SG. …”
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Revealing Key Genes and Pathways in Potato Scab Disease Resistance through Transcriptome Analysis by Chuang Li, Baoqi Yuan, Chuan Zhang, Qi Yao, Hongxia He, Qingfeng Wang, Jinping Liang, Nan Li, Xu Zhu, Zhongwei Wang

“…GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analyses revealed several significant metabolic pathways, such as ADP binding, heme binding, chloroplast thylakoid membrane, photosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, and homologous recombination, among others. …”
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Alterations in Carbohydrate Quantities in Freeze-Dried, Relative to Fresh or Frozen Maize Leaf Disks by Lynnette M. A. Dirk, Tianyong Zhao, John May, Tao Li, Qinghui Han, Yumin Zhang, Mohammad R. Sahib, Allan Bruce Downie

“…Apparently, the ester linkages attaching free fatty acids to galactoglycerolipids of the chloroplast are particularly sensitive to cleavage during lyophilization, resulting in increases in galactoglycerols. …”
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Oxidative Status and Antioxidative Response to <i>Fusarium</i> Attack and Different Nitrogen Levels in Winter Wheat Varieties by Magdalena Matić, Rosemary Vuković, Karolina Vrandečić, Ivna Štolfa Čamagajevac, Jasenka Ćosić, Ana Vuković, Kristina Sabljić, Nikolina Sabo, Krešimir Dvojković, Dario Novoselović

“…Level of lipid peroxidation, activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase), phenolics, and chloroplast pigments content were measured. In general, wheat variety, nitrogen, and <i>Fusarium</i> treatment had an impact on all tested parameters. …”
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Evolution guided engineering to improve C4 photosynthesis by Niklaus, M

“…This part of the DPhil project resulted in the identification of a single gene which provided both the malate import and pyruvate export functions of the bundle sheath cell chloroplast in the C₄ plant Setaria italica, thus completing the first biochemical map for a C₄ cycle in any species. …”

Gene cloning, protein characterization and structural prediction of Amaranthus tricolor transketolase by Rajeendran, Allgendran

“…As conclusion, A. tricolor transketolase was successfully isolated and subcellular-localization was found chloroplast in plant system. This led to conclusion that the OPPP is incomplete in the cytosol of A. tricolor. …”
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Lipid Metabolism in Plants by Hyun Uk Kim

“…The papers of this Special Issue cover the core of the field of plant lipid research on the role of galactolipids in the chloroplast biogenesis from etioplasts and the role of acyltransferases and transcription factors involved in fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis. …”
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Asymmetric gene transcription of barley plastome operons by A Yu Aleynikova, V V Kusnetsov, Y O Zubo

“…The paper is devoted to elucidation of gene transcription of chloroplast operons in barley plants. Operons which include genes encoding functionally similar proteins, were shown to be transcribed evenly under various physiological conditions. …”
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Sinosasa gracilis (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new combination supported by morphological and phylogenetic evidence by Xing Li, Jing-Bo Ni, Zhuo-Yu Cai, Yi-Hua Tong, Nian-He Xia

“…The results of phylogenetic analysis, based on the whole chloroplast genome and morphological study support the transfer of a long ignored bamboo species, Sasa gracilis, to the recently established genus, Sinosasa, in this study. …”
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Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of complete plastid genome of a medicinal plant Heracleum moellendorffii by Lu Kang, Yan Yu, Song-Dong Zhou, Xing-Jin He

“…Heracleum moellendorffii Hance is a traditional widely used medicinal plant in China, also known for an edible wild herb. The complete chloroplast genome of H. moellendorffii was 149,349 bp in length, composed of a large single-copy (LSC) and a small single-copy (SSC) region joined by two identical inverted repeat regions (IRA and IRB). …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of the lichenized fungi Usnea jiangxiensis (Ascomycota: Parmeliaceae) by Yangning Lan, Fangliang Huang

“…Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that U. jiangxiensis most closely related to U. ceratina. The complete chloroplast genomes of U. jiangxiensis would be useful for future investigation of genetics, evolution and clinical identification of Usnea species.…”
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Eriobotrya crassifolia (Rosaceae), a new species from Yunnan Province, China by Kai-Kai Meng, Su-Fang Chen, Min Lin, Wen-Bo Liao, Jian-Hua Jin, Qiang Fan

“…A phylogeny based on chloroplast genomes supported its closest affinity with E. tengyuehensis, while a phylogeny based on 197 single-copy nuclear genes supported its closest affinity with E. fragrans and E. deflexa. …”
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Cytoplasmic genome diversity in the cultivated apple - Short Communication by T. Mikami, K. Kitazaki, Y. Kishima

“…Maternally inherited mitochondrial and chloroplast DNAs have been utilised to characterise the cytoplasmic diversity within the apple germplasm collection and to elucidate the relationships between the cytoplasm types defined. …”
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