Viroids and Viroid Disease Agents Detected in Turkey by Mehmet Ali ŞEVİK

“…Viroids belong to two families, Pospiviroidae and Avsunviroidae, whose members replicate in the nucleus and chloroplast of plant cells, respectively. The host range of viroids includes vegetable crops, ornamentals, and woody perennials, depending upon the viroid species. …”
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Control of retrograde signalling by protein import and cytosolic folding stress by Wu, G, Meyer, E, Richter, A, Jarvis, R

“…Here, we show that GUN1 regulates chloroplast protein import through interaction with the import-related chaperone cpHSC70-1. …”

Tic22 is an essential chaperone required for protein import into the apicoplast. by Glaser, S, van Dooren, G, Agrawal, S, Brooks, C, McFadden, G, Striepen, B, Higgins, M

“…The TIC and TOC complexes perform this role in the two membranes of the plant chloroplast and in the inner two membranes of the apicoplasts of the apicomplexan parasites, Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum. …”

Comparative cross-linking and mass spectrometry of an intact F-type ATPase suggest a role for phosphorylation by Schmidt, C, Zhou, M, Marriott, H, Morgner, N, Politis, A, Robinson, C

“…Here we apply mass spectrometry to the F1FO-ATPase, isolated from spinach chloroplasts, and uncover multiple modifications in soluble and membrane subunits. …”

The origin of mangosteen: a review by Shaharudin, Mohamad Azimi, Mohd Zaki, Noorhariza, Saleh, Mohd Nazre, Mohd Noor, Normah, Midin, Mohd Razik

“…The methods used included morphological comparison between Garcinia species, molecular marker analyses from the internal spacer, chloroplast sequencing, and microsatellite and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis. …”

Phylogenetic analysis among four sections of genus Dendrobium Sw. (Orchidaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia using rbcL sequence data by Moudi, Maryam, Yong, Christina Seok Yien, Salleh @ Japri, Mohd Nazre, Abdullah, Janna Ong, Go, Rusea

“…Phylogenetic analysis using chloroplast DNA, the ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase gene (rbcL), was conducted to examine relationship among four sections of the genus Dendrobium (Orchidaceae): Aporum, Crumenata, Strongyle, and Bolbidium in Peninsular Malaysia. …”
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Lead exposure dose-dependently affects oxidative stress, AsA-GSH, photosynthesis, and mineral content in pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) by Zhanming Tan, Zhanming Tan, Cuiyun Wu, Cuiyun Wu, Zhengying Xuan, Zhengying Xuan, Yunxia Cheng, Yunxia Cheng, Renci Xiong, Renci Xiong, Zhihang Su, Zhihang Su, Desheng Wang, Desheng Wang

“…The ascorbic acid-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle mainly exists in chloroplasts and resists oxidative stress, scavenges reactive oxygen radicals, and maintains normal photosynthesis. …”
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Can Ceylon Leadwort (<i>Plumbago zeylanica</i> L.) Acclimate to Lead Toxicity?—Studies of Photosynthetic Apparatus Efficiency by Krzysztof M. Tokarz, Wojciech Makowski, Barbara Tokarz, Monika Hanula, Ewa Sitek, Ewa Muszyńska, Roman Jędrzejczyk, Rafał Banasiuk, Łukasz Chajec, Stanisław Mazur

“…In turn, plants from 0.1 g Pb∙l^&#8722;1 showed a significant decrease in pigments content, LHCII size, the amount of active PSII RC, oxygen-evolving complex activity, and significant remodeling of chloroplast ultrastructure indicated limitation of PSII RC donor side. …”
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Disruption of LEAF LESION MIMIC 4 affects ABA synthesis and ROS accumulation in rice by Hao Wu, Gaoxing Dai, Rao Yuchun, Kaixiong Wu, Junge Wang, Peng Hu, Yi Wen, Yueying Wang, Lixin Zhu, Bingze Chai, Jialong Liu, Guofu Deng, Qian Qian, Jiang Hu

“…The excessive ROS accumulation damaged chloroplast structure and induced PCD, leading eventually to the formation of lesion mimics.…”
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Transcriptome Analysis Reveals a Comprehensive Virus Resistance Response Mechanism in Pecan Infected by a Novel Badnavirus Pecan Virus by Jiyu Zhang, Tao Wang, Zhanhui Jia, Xiaodong Jia, Yongzhi Liu, Jiping Xuan, Gang Wang, Fan Zhang

“…In PMV-infected yellow leaves, damaged chloroplast structure and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MPK3) inhibited photosynthesis. …”
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Leaf plasticity across wet and dry seasons in Croton blanchetianus (Euphorbiaceae) at a tropical dry forest by Keila Rêgo Mendes, Willian Batista-Silva, Jaqueline Dias-Pereira, Marcos P. S. Pereira, Eliane V. Souza, José E. Serrão, João A. A. Granja, Eugênia C. Pereira, David J. Gallacher, Pedro R. Mutti, Duany T. C. da Silva, Rogério S. de Souza Júnior, Gabriel B. Costa, Bergson G. Bezerra, Cláudio M. Santos e Silva, Marcelo F. Pompelli

“…In the wet season, the expansion of the adaxial epidermis and mesophyll lead to larger and thicker photosynthetic area of leaves. Furthermore, chloroplast thickness, length and area were also significantly larger in full sunlight (2.1 μm, 5.1 μm, 15.2 μm2; respectively) and shaded plants (2.0 μm, 5.2 μm, 14.8 μm2; respectively) during wetter months. …”
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Effects of salinity and temperature on growth and ultrastructure of Tetraselmis tetrathele (West) Butcher, 1959 by Lai, Dora Jang Ing

“…Upon exposure for 30 minutes, transmission electron micrographs of T. tetrathele revealed that cells were surrounded with a few layers of thecae and chloroplast of the cells were filled with starch and lipid. …”
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The complete plastome of Cymbidium tortisepalum (Orchidaceae) hermaphrodite by Han Lin, Yangna Sun, Siren Lan, Xiaokai Ma

“…We report a complete chloroplast (cp) genome of a Cymbidium tortisepalum hermaphrodite. …”
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Characterization and molecular interpretation of the photosynthetic traits of Lonicera confusa in Karst environment. by Geng Wu, Haibo Jia, Yongwei Huang, Lu Gan, Chunhua Fu, Libin Zhang, Longjiang Yu, Maoteng Li

“…The results showed that the relative chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis rate of L. confusa in calcareous soil are much higher than that planted in sandstone soil, the higher content of calcium might play a role in keeping the chloroplast from harm and showed higher photosynthesis rate. …”
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Assessment of the oxidative stress intensity and the integrity of cell membranes under the manganese nanoparticles toxicity in wheat seedlings by Apolonia Sieprawska, Elżbieta Rudolphi-Szydło, Magdalena Skórka, Anna Telk, Maria Filek

“…Moreover, a rise in the electrokinetic potential of the chloroplast membrane surface and the reconstruction of their hydrophobic parts toward an increase in fatty acid saturation was found.…”
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The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Aquilaria sinensis by Zheng-Feng Wang, Hong-Lin Cao

“…Although its nuclear and chloroplast genomes have been previously reported, little is known about its mitochondrial genome. …”
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An investigation of large-leaved Gunnera L. (Gunneraceae) grown outside in Britain and Ireland by Dawn Edwards, James Armitage, Jordan Bilsborrow, John David, Marlene Gebauer, Gustavo Hassemer, Julian Shaw, Micheline Sheehy Skeffington, Kálmán Könyves

“…Two low-copy nuclear CYCLOIDEA-like genes (CYC-like 1 and CYC-like 2) and two chloroplast DNA regions (matK and psbD-trnT) were sequenced for 271 samples of Gunnera. …”
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Protoplast as a tool to address questions in plant physiology by Tim XING, Lining TIAN

“…In this mini review, we will re-explore protoplast approach in answering plant physiology questions through discussion of its application in the study of (1) photosynthesis and chloroplast-related process; (2) pollen tube growth; (3) sieve tube element protoplast for long distance translocation; (4) new regulatory metabolites from guard cell protoplast. …”
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Characterization of nuclear DNA diversity in an individual Leymus chinensis by Haoyang Yu, Lijuan Ma, Ye Zhao, Gaowa Naren, Haiyan Wu, Yongwei Sun, Lei Wu, Lingang Zhang

“…The results demonstrated that 1) the nuclear DNA showed excessive genetic heterogeneity among cells of an individual leaf or seed but the chloroplast genes remained consistent; 2) a high density of SNPs was found in the variants of the unique DNA sequence, and the similar SNP profile shared between the leaf and seed suggested that nucleotide mutation followed a certain rule and was not random; and 3) the mutation rate decreased from the genomic DNA sequence to the corresponding protein sequence. …”
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Genetic characterization of a group of commercial African timber species: From genomics to barcoding. by Maurizio Mascarello, Olivier Lachenaud, Mario Amalfi, Erik Smets, Olivier J Hardy, Hans Beeckman, Steven B Janssens

“…In this work, we firstly characterized the genetic diversity of 17 highly-valuable African timber species from five genera (Afzelia, Guibourtia, Leplea, Milicia, Tieghemella) across their distribution ranges in West and Central Africa using the genome skimming approach in order to reconstruct their chloroplast genomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA. Next, we identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the discrimination of closely-related species. …”
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