Pattern dynamics in adaxial-abaxial specific gene expression are modulated by a plastid retrograde signal during Arabidopsis thaliana leaf development. by Toshiaki Tameshige, Hironori Fujita, Keiro Watanabe, Koichi Toyokura, Maki Kondo, Kiyoshi Tatematsu, Noritaka Matsumoto, Ryuji Tsugeki, Masayoshi Kawaguchi, Mikio Nishimura, Kiyotaka Okada

“…Our genetic analyses using the enlarged fil expression domain2 (enf2) mutant and chemical treatment experiments revealed that impairment in the plastid (chloroplast) gene expression machinery retards this boundary shifting and inhibits the lamina expansion. …”
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Insights into the physiological, molecular, and genetic regulators of albinism in Camellia sinensis leaves by Yang Zhao, Peidi Yang, Yang Cheng, Yong Liu, Yang Yang, Zhen Liu

“…The molecular mechanisms underlying this color variation remain unknown.Methods: We aimed to utilize omics tools to decipher the molecular basis for this color variation, with the ultimate goal of enhancing existing germplasm and utilizing it in future breeding programs.Results and discussion: Albinotic leaves exhibited significant chloroplast degeneration and reduced carotenoid accumulation. …”
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<i>Myrmecia</i>, Not <i>Asterochloris</i>, Is the Main Photobiont of <i>Cladonia subturgida</i> (<i>Cladoniaceae</i>, <i>Lecanoromycetes</i>) by Raquel Pino-Bodas, Miguel Blázquez, Asunción de los Ríos, Sergio Pérez-Ortega

“…Photobiont cells showed a parietal chloroplast lacking a pyrenoid, which characterizes the species in this genus. …”
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New insight into the taxonomy of Cephaloziellaceae (Marchantiophyta): the family of the smallest higher plants on Earth by Vadim A. Bakalin, Yulia D. Maltseva, Ksenia G. Klimova, Van Sinh Nguyen, Seung Se Choi, Aleksey V. Troitsky

“…An analysis of the phylogeny of Cephaloziellaceae was carried out based on trees constructed for previously and newly obtained sequences of five genes: nuclear ITS1–2 and chloroplast trnL–F, trnG, rbcL, and psbA. Phylogenetic trees inferred from different genes are congruent for the main details; however, the position of several taxa is variable. …”
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Are Toxic Substances Always Toxic? Case Studies of Different Organismal Responses Based on Brackish-Water Microphytobenthic Communities from the Baltic Sea by Zuzanna Sylwestrzak, Aleksandra Zgrundo

“…The results obtained in the tests also indicate that the number of cells of individual taxa can remain at a similar level or increase over short periods of time despite the deformation of chloroplasts in a numerous group of cells.…”
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Three Parts of the Plant Genome: On the Way to Success in the Production of Recombinant Proteins by Sergey M. Rozov, Alla A. Zagorskaya, Yuri M. Konstantinov, Elena V. Deineko

“…Examples of successful use of the nuclear expression platform for production of various biopharmaceuticals, veterinary drugs, and technologically important proteins are described, as are examples of a high yield of recombinant proteins upon modification of the chloroplast genome. Potential utility of plant mitochondria as an expression system for the production of recombinant proteins and its advantages over the nucleus and chloroplasts are substantiated. …”
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First report of Planomicrobium okeanokoites associated with Himantothallus grandifolius (Desmarestiales, Phaeophyta) from Southern Hemisphere. by Khem Chand Saini, Kriti Gupta, Sheetal Sharma, Ajay K Gautam, Samrin Shamim, Divya Mittal, Pushpendu Kundu, Felix Bast

“…Phylogenetic analysis was performed using mitochondrial genome encoded COX1 gene; chloroplast genome encodes rbcL; nuclear genome encoded large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rRNA) for Himantothallus grandifolius and ribosomal encoded 16S rRNA for Planomicrobium okeanokoites. …”
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The Phosphofructokinase Isoform AtPFK5 Is a Novel Target of Plastidic Thioredoxin-f-Dependent Redox Regulation by Natalia Hess, Simon Richter, Michael Liebthal, Karl-Josef Dietz, Angelika Mustroph

“…The chloroplast primary metabolism is of central importance for plant growth and performance. …”
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Multi-gene incongruence consistent with hybridisation in Cladocopium (Symbiodiniaceae), an ecologically important genus of coral reef symbionts by Joshua I. Brian, Simon K. Davy, Shaun P. Wilkinson

“…These samples were identified as the common Cladocopium types C40 or C1 with respect to the mitochondria and chloroplasts, but the rarer types C3z, C3u and C1# with respect to their nuclear identity. …”
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Ecological and Biogeographical Imprints in a Beech Glacial Refugium by Ioannis Tsiripidis, Stavroula Stamellou, Aristotelis C. Papageorgiou, Andreas D. Drouzas

“…The distribution of vascular plant species and assemblages existing in beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) forests was compared with the distribution of beech chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) haplotypes, aiming to identify possible interpretable trends of co-occurrence, on a small geographical scale, and to infer the relevant historical factors. …”
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Conservation genetics and phylogeography of endangered and endemic shrub <it>Tetraena mongolica </it>(Zygophyllaceae) in Inner Mongolia, China by Hung Kuo-Hsiang, Huang Wei-Hsiang, Huang Chi-Chun, Liu Zin-Huang, Hwang Chi-Chuan, Ge Xue-Jun, Wang Wei-Kuang, Chiang Tzen-Yuh

“…</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Sequence variation and spatial apportionment of the <it>atp</it>B-<it>rbc</it>L noncoding spacer region of the chloroplast DNA were used to reconstruct the phylogeography of <it>T. mongolica</it>. …”
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Conservation of Genetic Diversity of Scots Pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.) in a Central European National Park Based on cpDNA Studies by Paweł Przybylski, Anna Tereba, Joanna Meger, Iwona Szyp-Borowska, Łukasz Tyburski

“…The main objective of the study was to compare the mother pine stand, excluded from forest management, with its progeny generations on the basis of their chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), which was used as a diagnostic tool. …”
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The complete plastid genome of the endangered shrub Brassaiopsis angustifolia (Araliaceae): Comparative genetic and phylogenetic analysis. by Zhanghong Dong, Ruli Zhang, Ming Shi, Yu Song, Yaxuan Xin, Feng Li, Jianzhong Ma, Peiyao Xin

“…Our study reveals that the complete plastid genome of B. angustifolia is 156,534 bp long, with an overall GC content of 37.9%. The chloroplast genome (cp) encodes 133 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and eight ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. …”
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Reassessment of Viroid RNA Cytosine Methylation Status at the Single Nucleotide Level by Francesco Di Serio, Enza Maria Torchetti, José-Antonio Daròs, Beatriz Navarro

“…Here, the possible existence of m⁵C in both RNA polarity strands of potato spindle tuber viroid and avocado sunblotch viroid -which are representative members of the nucleus- and chloroplast-replicating viroids, respectively- has been assessed at single nucleotide level. …”
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Molecular markers for characterization and conservation of plant genetic resources by AEJAZ AHMAD DAR, REETIKA MAHAJAN, SUSHEEL SHARMA

“…Besides many genes in chloroplast, mitochondria and ribosomes act as molecular markers that are useful for the phylogenetic studies and DNA barcoding of plants. …”
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Comparative Analysis of <i>Tylosema esculentum</i> Mitochondrial DNA Revealed Two Distinct Genome Structures by Jin Li, Christopher Cullis

“…Moreover, the marama mitogenome contained an over 9 kb insertion of cpDNA, originating from chloroplast genomes, but had accumulated mutations and lost gene functionality. …”
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The photoprotective role of spermidine in tomato seedlings under salinity-alkalinity stress. by Lipan Hu, Lixia Xiang, Li Zhang, Xiaoting Zhou, Zhirong Zou, Xiaohui Hu

“…Seedlings treated with exogenous Spd had higher zeaxanthin (Z) contents than those without Spd under salinity-alkalinity stress. The chloroplast ultrastructure had a more ordered arrangement in seedlings treated with exogenous Spd than in those without Spd under salinity-alkalinity stress. …”
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Proton Leakage Is Sensed by IM30 and Activates IM30-Triggered Membrane Fusion by Carmen Siebenaller, Benedikt Junglas, Annika Lehmann, Nadja Hellmann, Dirk Schneider

“…IM30 binds to negatively charged membrane lipids, preferentially at stressed membrane regions where protons potentially leak out from the thylakoid lumen into the chloroplast stroma or the cyanobacterial cytoplasm, respectively. …”
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Ascorbate peroxidase plays an important role in photoacclimation in the extremophilic red alga Cyanidiococcus yangmingshanensis by Han-Yi Fu, Ming-Wei Wang

“…Light-dependent regulation of the APX activity was associated with transcriptional regulation of the chloroplast-targeted APX gene. The important role of the APX activity in photoacclimation was evidenced by the effect of the APX inhibitors on the photosystem II activity and the chlorophyll a content under the high light condition at 1000 μmol photons m–2 s–1. …”
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Altered Expression of <i>OsAAP3</i> Influences Rice Lesion Mimic and Leaf Senescence by Regulating Arginine Transport and Nitric Oxide Pathway by Qilang Wei, Zhenwei Yan, Yifan Xiong, Zhongming Fang

“…This finally triggers cell death which ultimately leads to lesion mimic and leaf senescence by regulating the degradation of chloroplast and the expression abundance of components in the photosynthetic pathway. …”
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