Intraspecific Inversion in psbA-trnH Region and its Implication for DNA Barcoding: Case Study of Capparis spinosa L. Group by Maryam Ahmadi, Hojjatollah Saeidi, Seyed Mansour Mirtadzadini

“…DNA barcoding is one of the developing methods in molecular systematics for the identification of species. psbA- trnH is one of the most variable noncoding regions of chloroplast genome and a standard DNA barcode for plant species. …”
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Cyclophilins and Their Functions in Abiotic Stress and Plant–Microbe Interactions by Przemysław Olejnik, Cezary Jerzy Mądrzak, Katarzyna Nuc

“…Their different forms can be found in the cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, chloroplast, mitochondrion and in the phloem space. …”
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Are 150 km of open sea enough? Gene flow and population differentiation in a bat-pollinated columnar cactus. by Sebastián Arenas, Alberto Búrquez, Enriquena Bustamante, Enrique Scheinvar, Luis E Eguiarte

“…We analyzed twelve populations throughout the OPC distribution range to assess genetic diversity and structure using chloroplast DNA sequences. Genetic diversity was higher (Hd = 0.81), and genetic structure was lower (GST = 0.143) in mainland populations vs peninsular populations (Hd = 0.71, GST = 0.358 respectively). …”
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Gastrochilus heminii (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae), a new species from Sichuan, China, based on molecular and morphological data by Min Liao, Yue-Hong Cheng, Jun-Yi Zhang, Yu Feng, Gui-Ying Liu, Ping Ye, Sen-Long Jin, Hong-Qiang Lin, Bo Xu

“…The results of molecular phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ribosome internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) and four chloroplast DNA fragments (matK, psbA-trnH, psbM-trnD, and trnL-F) of 36 Gastrochilus species showed that G. heminii was closely related to G. affinis and G. distichus.…”
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New finding of green algae with potential for algal biotechnology, Chlorococcum oleofaciens and its molecular investigation by Y. I. Maltsev, T. V. Konovalenko

“…The strains were studied at the morphological level by using light microscopy methods, as well as using molecular genetic methods based on the studies of the nucleotide genes sequences of the 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and chloroplast rbcL genes, the topology of secondary structures of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). …”
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Stepwise protein targeting into plastoglobules are facilitated by three hydrophobic regions of rice phytoene synthase 2 by Ji Su Yu, Min Kyoung You, Yeo Jin Lee, Sun-Hwa Ha

“…As results, HR1 includes the crucial sequence (31–45th aa) for chloroplast import and the stromal cleavage occurs at a specific alanine site (64th aa) within HR2, verifying that a N-terminal 64-aa-region works as the transit peptide (Tp). …”
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Engineering Yarrowia lipolytica for the biosynthesis of geraniol by Ayushi Agrawal, Zhiliang Yang, Mark Blenner

“…Both wild type and truncated mutants of GES (without signal peptide targeting chloroplast) were examined by co-expressing with MVA pathway enzymes tHMG1 and IDI1. …”
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Comparative Metabolomic Analysis of Multi-Ovary Wheat under Heterogeneous Cytoplasm Suppression by Jialin Guo, Ying Li, Yulong Song, Gaisheng Zhang, Huiyan Zhao

“…We also found that shikimate, phosphoglycolic acid, nicotinamide, guanine, and xanthine might play essential roles in cytoplasmic suppression of multi-ovary trait. Chloroplast metabolism was also implicated in the nuclear-cytoplasmic effect of the multi-ovary gene. …”
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The complete plastome sequence of the endangered orchid Oberonia japonica (Orchidaceae) by Young-Kee Kim, Myoung Hai Kwak, Myong Gi Chung, Hoe-Won Kim, Sangjin Jo, Jung-Yeon Sohn, Se-Hwan Cheon, Ki-Joong Kim

“…In this study, we report the complete chloroplast sequence of Oberonia japonica (Maxim.) Makino (Orchidaceae) (NCBI acc. no. …”
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Disentangling the taxonomical uncertainties about the presence of Cistus pouzolzii Delile in the Iberian Peninsula by Pedro Sanchez-Gómez, José Luis Cánovas, Agustín Lahora, Antonio E. Catalán, Juan Francisco Jiménez-Martínez

“…To confirm the taxonomic identity of these populations, a comparative study was performed using herbarium specimens of C. pouzolzii from France and North Africa. In addition, two chloroplast regions were sequenced to study the phylogenetic relationships between the newly discovered Iberian populations and the rest of the species of the genus Cistus, including the sequences belonging to C. pouzolzii from France and Morocco previously used. …”
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Complete plastome sequence of Elaeagnus glabra (Elaeagnaceae): an Asian endemic plant species by Kun-Kun Zhao, Jian-Hua Wang, Zhi-Xin Zhu, Guo-Zheng Shi, Shui-Xing Luo, Hua-Feng Wang

“…The overall A/T content in the chloroplast genome of E. glabra is 62.90%. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that E. glabra is close to E. loureirii within Elaeagnaceae. …”
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Growth in fluctuating light buffers plants against photorespiratory perturbations by Thekla von Bismarck, Philipp Wendering, Leonardo Perez de Souza, Jeremy Ruß, Linnéa Strandberg, Elmien Heyneke, Berkley J. Walker, Mark A. Schöttler, Alisdair R. Fernie, Zoran Nikoloski, Ute Armbruster

“…Only in non-fluctuating light, mutants lacking the glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 re-routed glycolate processing to the chloroplast, resulting in photooxidative damage through H2O2 production. …”
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Molecular identification of rickettsial endosymbionts in the non-phagotrophic volvocalean green algae. by Kaoru Kawafune, Yuichi Hongoh, Takashi Hamaji, Hisayoshi Nozaki

“…There were significantly fewer differences in the 16 S rRNA sequences of the rickettsiacean endosymbionts between C. cerasiformis and P. japonica than in the chloroplast 16 S rRNA or 18 S rRNA of the host volvocalean cells. …”
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The complete plastome sequence of the endangered orchid Habenaria radiata (Orchidaceae) by Young-Kee Kim, Myoung Hai Kwak, Ja-Ram Hong, Hoe-Won Kim, Sangjin Jo, Jung-Yeon Sohn, Se-Hwan Cheon, Ki-Joong Kim

“…In this study, we determined the complete chloroplast sequence of Habenaria radiata (Thunb.) Spreng. …”
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DNA Barcoding as a Molecular Tool to Track Down Mislabeling and Food Piracy by Gianni Barcaccia, Margherita Lucchin, Martino Cassandro

“…Although these sequences represent a small fraction of the total DNA of a cell, both chloroplast and mitochondrial barcodes chosen for identifying plant and animal species, respectively, have shown sufficient nucleotide diversity to assess the taxonomic identity of the vast majority of organisms used in agriculture. …”
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Towards a biochemical characterization of the diatom pyrenoid by Oh, Zhen Guo

“…A key component of this CCM is a non-membranous Rubisco compartment within the chloroplast stroma known as the pyrenoid. This study initiated a biochemical chacterization of the pyrenoid of the model diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum. …”
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Structure and function of LCI1: a plasma membrane CO2 channel in the Chlamydomonas CO2 concentrating mechanism by Kono, A, Chou, T-H, Radhakrishnan, A, Bolla, JR, Sankar, K, Shome, S, Su, C-C, Jernigan, RL, Robinson, CV, Yu, EW, Spalding, MH

“…Fundamental to eukaryotic Ci uptake systems are Ci transporters/channels located in membranes of various cell compartments, which together facilitate the movement of Ci from the environment into the chloroplast, where primary CO2 assimilation occurs. …”

Structural dissection of the maltodextrin disproportionation cycle of the arabidopsis plastidial disproportionating enzyme 1 (DPE1) by O'Neill, E, Stevenson, C, Tantanarat, K, Latousakis, D, Donaldson, M, Rejzek, M, Nepogodiev, SA, Limpaseni, T, Field, R, Lawson, D

“…The degradation of transitory starch in the chloroplast to provide fuel for the plant during the night requires a suite of enzymes that generate a series of short chain linear glucans. …”

Emergent RNA–RNA interactions can promote stability in a facultative phototrophic endosymbiosis by Jenkins, BH, Maguire, F, Leonard, G, Eaton, JD, West, S, Housden, BE, Milner, DS, Richards, TA

“…Eukaryote–eukaryote endosymbiosis was responsible for the spread of chloroplast (plastid) organelles. Stability is required for the metabolic and genetic integration that drives the establishment of new organelles, yet the mechanisms that act to stabilize emergent endosymbioses—between two fundamentally selfish biological organisms—are unclear. …”

A hybrid kinetic and constraint-based model of leaf metabolism allows predictions of metabolic fluxes in different environments by Shameer, S, Wang, Y, Bota, P, Ratcliffe, RG, Long, SP, Sweetlove, LJ

“…To address this, we coupled an FBA model of 903 reactions of soybean (Glycine max) leaf metabolism with e-photosynthesis, a dynamic model that captures the kinetics of 126 reactions of photosynthesis and associated chloroplast carbon metabolism. Successful coupling was achieved in an iterative formulation in which fluxes from e-photosynthesis were used to constrain the FBA model and then, in turn, fluxes computed from the FBA model used to update parameters in e-photosynthesis. …”