Femtosecond near-infrared laser pulses as a versatile non-invasive tool for intra-tissue nanoprocessing in plants without compromising viability. by Tirlapur, U, König, K

“…Further evidence, including two-photon imaging of chlorophyll fluorescence, revealed that a single target chloroplast or part thereof can be completely knocked out using intense ultra-fast NIR pulses without any visible deleterious effect on the adjacent plastids. …”

C4 Photosynthesis in the Rice Paddy: Insights from the Noxious Weed Echinochloa glabrescens by Covshoff, S, Szecowka, M, Hughes, T, Smith-Unna, R, Kelly, S, Bailey, K, Sage, T, Pachebat, J, Leegood, R, Hibberd, J

“…Leaves of E. glabrescens exhibited classical Kranz anatomy with lightly lobed mesophyll cells having low chloroplast coverage. As with rice and other hygrophytic C3 species, leaves of E. glabrescens accumulated a chloroplastic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase protein, albeit at reduced amounts relative to rice. …”

Serendipitous backyard hybridization and the origin of crops. by Hughes, C, Govindarajulu, R, Robertson, A, Filer, D, Harris, S, Bailey, C

“…We show that predomestication cultivation was widespread, involved numerous independent transitions from the wild to cultivation, and resulted in extensive artificial sympatry of 2-6 species locally and 13 species in total. Using chloroplast and rapidly evolving nuclear-encoded DNA sequences, we demonstrate that hybridization in Leucaena has been extensive and complex, spawning a diverse set of novel hybrids as a result of juxtaposition of species in cultivation. …”

Morphological and molecular systematic for selected Blechnum from Peninsular Malaysia by Yusuf, Umi Kalsom, Nulit, Rosimah

“…The use of coding rbcL and non-coding tmH-psbA genes amplified from chloroplast were used to support the morphological differences. …”
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DNA Barcoding: Amplification and sequence analysis of rbcl and matK genome regions in three divergent plant species by Javed Iqbal Wattoo, Muhammad Zafar Saleem, Muhammad Saqib Shahzad, Amina Arif, Amir Hameed, Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem

“…Methods: In this study, we amplified and sequenced the chloroplast DNA regions (matk+rbcl) of Solanum nigrum, Euphorbia helioscopia and Dalbergia sissoo to study the functional annotation, homology modeling and sequence analysis to allow a more efficient utilization of these sequences among different plant species. …”
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<b>Ecophysiological, anatomical and ultrastructural characteristics of <i>Vitex polygama</i> Cham. (Verbenaceae) submitted to different concentrations of fluoride by Zélia Terezinha Teixeira Rossi, Evaristo Mauro de Castro, Giuslan Carvalho Pereira, João Paulo Rodrigues Alves Delfino Barbosa, Graziele Wolff de Almeida Carvalho, Marco Aurélio de Lima Silva Rossi, Fabrício José Pereira

“…F- promoted an increase in non-photochemical quenching (qN) and in the coefficient due to non-photochemical extinction (NPQ), which indicates higher dissipation of radiant energy in the heat form. Damages in the chloroplast structure, in cellular membranes and in epicuticular waxes, besides cytoplasm granulation and irregularities in the epidermal cell walls were also detected in plants exposed to the pollutant. …”
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Upregulation of Peridinin-Chlorophyll A-Binding Protein in a Toxic Strain of <i>Prorocentrum hoffmannianum</i> under Normal and Phosphate-Depleted Conditions by Thomas Chun-Hung Lee, Kaze King-Yip Lai, Steven Jing-Liang Xu, Fred Wang-Fat Lee

“…Other possible mechanisms of toxicity related to PCP might be through triggering the transcription of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase/polyketide synthase genes and the transportation of dinophysistoxin-4 from chloroplast to vacuoles.…”
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Effect of Waterlogging Stress on Leaf Anatomical Structure and Ultrastructure of <i>Phoebe sheareri</i> Seedlings by Fenghou Shi, Zhujing Pan, Pengfei Dai, Yongbao Shen, Yizeng Lu, Biao Han

“…Waterlogging stress forced the structure of the chloroplast membranes to blur, gradually causing swelling, and deformation, with plasmolysis occurring in severe cases. …”
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Phylogeography of Rhodiola kirilowii (Crassulaceae): a story of Miocene divergence and quaternary expansion. by Jian-Qiang Zhang, Shi-Yong Meng, Guang-Yuan Rao

“…We here conducted a phylogeographic study using sequences of two chloroplast fragments (trnL-F and trnS-G) and internal transcribed spacers in 29 populations of R. kirilowii. …”
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A Lipid Transfer Protein Increases the Glutathione Content and Enhances Arabidopsis Resistance to a Trichothecene Mycotoxin. by John E McLaughlin, Mohamed Anwar Bin-Umer, Thomas Widiez, Daniel Finn, Susan McCormick, Nilgun E Tumer

“…Tcin treatment increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Arabidopsis and ROS stain was associated with the chloroplast, the cell wall and the apoplast. ROS levels were attenuated in Arabidopsis and in yeast overexpressing AtLTP4.4 relative to the controls. …”
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Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of a unique economic plant Lycium barbarum L. by Cuiping Guan, Xiang Li, Wenlan Mu, Hong Mu, Shujuan Yang

“…Therefore, it has significant research and application value. The nuclear and chloroplast genomes of L. barbarum have been previously reported; however, its mitochondrial genome is still unexplored. …”
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Development and Assessment of SNP Genotyping Arrays for Citrus and Its Close Relatives by Yoko Hiraoka, Sergio Pietro Ferrante, Guohong Albert Wu, Claire T. Federici, Mikeal L. Roose

“…SNPs chosen mainly target putative genic regions of the genome and are accurately called in both <i>Citrus</i> and its closely related genera while providing good coverage of the nuclear and chloroplast genomes. Reproducibility of the arrays was nearly 100%, with a large majority of the SNPs classified as the most stringent class of markers, “<i>PolyHighResolution</i>” (PHR) polymorphisms. …”
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Metabolite Profiling of Paraquat Tolerant <i>Arabidopsis thaliana Radical-induced Cell Death1</i> (<i>rcd1</i>)—A Mediator of Antioxidant Defence Mechanisms by Nina Sipari, Jenna Lihavainen, Markku Keinänen

“…Paraquat causes a rapid burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) initially in the chloroplast. We performed multi-platform metabolomic analyses in wild type Col-0 and paraquat resistant <i>rcd1</i> plants to identify pathways conveying resistance and the function of RCD1 in this respect. …”
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PHOTOSYNTHETIC TRAITS OF CANOPY LEAVES OF DINIZIA EXCELSA (FABACEAE) by Keila Rêgo Mendes, Marcos Bento, Ricardo Antonio Marenco

“…We also estimated the CO2 concentration at the chloroplast level (Cc) and determined the light and CO2 saturated photosynthesis (Apot). …”
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PECULIARITIES OF SECONDARY METABOLITES BIOSYNTHESIS IN PLANT CELL CULTURES by A.M. NOSOV

“…By contrast, the detectable synthesis of diterpene steviol-glycosides in cultivated cells of Stevia rebaudiana initiated in the mixotrophic cultures during chloroplast formation only. Despite these differences, or mainly due to them, plant cell cultures have become an attractive source of phytochemicals in alternative to collecting wild plants. …”
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The potential of plant-based vaccines by Mahdi Ghatreh Samani

“…In addition, the Ag needed to post translation modification can correctly produce in nuclear or chloroplast of plant cells. Until now, several plants such as carrot, papaya, lettuce, and tobacco have been used to express complex parasite Ag. …”
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Improving Light Use Efficiency in C₄ Plants by Increasing Electron Transport Rate by Maria Ermakova, Robert T. Furbank, Susanne von Caemmerer

“…The C₄ photosynthetic pathway is a biochemical CO₂ concentrating mechanism that requires the coordinated functioning of mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of leaves. Chloroplast electron transport in C₄ plants is shared between the two cell types; it provides resources for CO₂ fixation therefore underpinning the efficiency of photosynthesis. …”
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Molecular Phylogeny of Unicellular Marine Coccoid Green Algae Revealed New Insights into the Systematics of the Ulvophyceae (Chlorophyta) by Tatyana Darienko, Cecilia Rad-Menéndez, Christine N. Campbell, Thomas Pröschold

“…They are characterized by a vegetative cell with lobated or reticulated chloroplast, formation of quadriflagellated zoospores and living epi- or endophytically within benthic macroalgae. …”
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Quantitative Phosphoproteomic and System-Level Analysis of TOR Inhibition Unravel Distinct Organellar Acclimation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by Valentin Roustan, Wolfram Weckwerth, Wolfram Weckwerth

“…Prominent changes of proteins involved in sulfur, cysteine, and methionine as well as nucleotide metabolism on the one hand, and changes in the TCA cycle on the other highlight the interplay of chloroplast and mitochondria metabolism. Furthermore, TOR inhibition revealed changes in the endomembrane trafficking system. …”
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China-US grain trade shapes the spatial genetic pattern of common ragweed in East China cities by Siran Lu, Xiangyu Luo, Hongfang Wang, Rodolfo Gentili, Sandra Citterio, Jingyi Yang, Jing Jin, Jianguang Li, Jun Yang

“…Leaf samples from 37 urban common ragweed populations across 15 cities are collected. Genomic and chloroplast DNA extraction facilitate analysis of spatial genetic patterns and gene flows. …”
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