Electron Mediation and Photocurrent Enhancement in <i>Dunalliela salina</i> Driven Bio-Photo Electrochemical Cells by Yaniv Shlosberg, Tünde N. Tóth, Benjamin Eichenbaum, Lee Keysar, Gadi Schuster, Noam Adir

“…However, the question of whether the same electron transfer mechanism is also valid for live eukaryotic microalgae, in which NADPH must cross both the chloroplast outer membrane and the cell wall to be secreted from the cell has remained elusive. …”
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Silicon Enhances Plant Resistance of Rice against Submergence Stress by Taowen Pan, Jian Zhang, Lanmengqi He, Abdul Hafeez, Chuanchuan Ning, Kunzheng Cai

“…These results suggested that Si could increase rice plant resistance against submergence stress by improving root morphological traits and chloroplast ultrastructure and enhancing antioxidant defense.…”
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Foliar Pectins and Physiology of Diploid and Autotetraploid Mango Genotypes under Water Stress by Andrés Fonollá, José I. Hormaza, Juan M. Losada

“…Foliar cells of the adaxial epidermis and the spongy mesophyll contained linear pectin epitopes, whereas branched pectins were localized in the abaxial epidermis, the chloroplast membrane, and the sieve tube elements of the phloem. …”
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Copper Effect on Microalgae: Toxicity and Bioremediation Strategies by Elena Cavalletti, Giovanna Romano, Fortunato Palma Esposito, Lucia Barra, Pasquale Chiaiese, Sergio Balzano, Angela Sardo

“…This metal often induces chloroplast functioning impairment, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and growth rate reduction in a dose-dependent manner. …”
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The Effect of Soil Water Deficiency on Water Use Strategies and Response Mechanisms of <i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i> Fisch by Kechen Song, Haiying Hu, Yingzhong Xie, Li Fu

“…Meanwhile, severe water stress triggered the most significant changes in chloroplast and guard cell morphology. In summary, <i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i> could maintain water content and turgor pressure under water stress, promote root biomass accumulation, and improve water use efficiency, a water-conservation strategy indicating a mechanism both avoidable dehydration and tolerable drought.…”
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DNA Barcoding as a Plant Identification Method by Stavroula Letsiou, Panagiotis Madesis, Efstathios Vasdekis, Cinzia Montemurro, Maria E. Grigoriou, George Skavdis, Vassilios Moussis, Antonios E. Koutelidakis, Andreas G. Tzakos

“…It highlights the success of various barcode loci, the emergence of super barcodes from the chloroplast genome, and the overall impact of next-generation sequencing technologies on the field. …”
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Cytohistological study of the leaf structures of Panax ginseng Meyer and Panax quinquefolius L. by Ok Ran Lee, Ngoc Quy Nguyen, Kwang Ho Lee, Young Chang Kim, Jiho Seo

“…Slight differences in chloroplast structure suggests that the two different species can be authenticated using transmission electron microscopy images, and light-resistant cultivar breeding can be performed via controlling photosynthesis efficiency.…”
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Proline and antioxidant enzymes protect Tabebuia aurea (Bignoniaceae) from transitory water deficiency by Fátima Conceição de Jesus Freire, Juliana da Silva-Pinheiro, Jayne Silva Santos, Arthur Gomes Lima da Silva, Liliane Santos de Camargos, Lauricio Endres, Gilberto Costa Justino

“…As a result, we observed an increase in SOD and APX activity, protecting chloroplast membranes from further damages caused by lipid peroxidation. …”
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Photochemistry of PSII in CYP38 Arabidopsis thaliana Deletion Mutant by Hrvoje Lepeduš, Ana Tomašić, Snježana Jurić, Zorana Katanić, Vera Cesar, Hrvoje Fulgosi

“…Chloroplast protein CYP38 is a cyclophilin-like peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase involved in photosystem II (PSII) assembly. …”
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Unicellular versus Filamentous: The Glacial Alga <i>Ancylonema alaskana</i> comb. et stat. nov. and Its Ecophysiological Relatedness to <i>Ancylonema nordenskioeldii</i> (Zygnemato... by Lenka Procházková, Tomáš Řezanka, Linda Nedbalová, Daniel Remias

“…Molecular analysis showed that both species are closely related, sharing identical chloroplast morphologies (parietal-lobed for <i>Ancylonema</i> vs. axial plate-like for <i>Mesotaenium sensu stricto</i>), thus the unicellular species was renamed <i>Ancylonema alaskana</i>. …”
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Environmental Heterogeneity Leads to Spatial Differences in Genetic Diversity and Demographic Structure of <i>Acer caudatifolium</i> by Min-Xin Luo, Hsin-Pei Lu, Min-Wei Chai, Jui-Tse Chang, Pei-Chun Liao

“…Here, we tracked the seed dispersal of <i>Acer caudatifolium</i> using chloroplast DNA to explore the relationships of terrain and local climate heterogeneity with range shifts and demography in Taiwan. …”
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Molecular and Phytochemical Variability of Endemic <i>Juniperus sabina</i> var. <i>balkanensis</i> from Its Natural Range by Nemanja Rajčević, Tanja Dodoš, Smiljana Janković, Pedja Janaćković, Valtcho D. Zheljazkov, Petar D. Marin

“…In addition, since this variety is best described using molecular markers, the chloroplast <i>trn</i>S-<i>trn</i>G region was amplified from individuals from different populations having different chemotypes. …”
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The transition to agricultural cultivation of neo-crops may fail to account for wild genetic diversity patterns: insights from the Cape Floristic Region by Nicholas C. Galuszynski

“…Methods High Resolution Melt analysis (HRM) coupled with Sanger sequencing was used to screen three non-coding chloroplast DNA loci in Cyclopia Vent. (Fabaceae), a CFR endemic neo-crop cultivated for the production of a herbal infusion referred to as Honeybush tea. …”
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Response of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to photooxidative stress resulting from high light exposure. by Nuno Domingues, Ana Rita Matos, Jorge Marques da Silva, Paulo Cartaxana

“…D1 protein levels under LL decreased about 30% after 1 h of the addition of lincomycin (LINC), a chloroplast protein synthesis inhibitor, showing significant D1 degradation and repair under low irradiance. …”
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Molecular Mechanism of Slow Vegetative Growth in <i>Populus</i> Tetraploid by Congping Xu, Ying Zhang, Qiang Han, Xiangyang Kang

“…The dose effect enhanced the negative regulation of the target genes with <i>ARFs</i>, <i>GA20ox</i>, <i>GA3ox</i>, and <i>GAMYB</i> being downregulated, and <i>TCP</i> and <i>NAC</i> being upregulated. As a result, the chloroplast degradation of tetraploid leaves was accelerated, the photosynthetic rate was decreased, and the synthesis and decomposition ability of carbohydrate was decreased.…”
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Morphological and Genome-Wide Evidence of Homoploid Hybridisation in <i>Urospermum</i> (Asteraceae) by Jaume Pellicer, Manica Balant, Pol Fernández, Roi Rodríguez González, Oriane Hidalgo

“…Intermediate features at phenotype, karyological, cytogenetic, and genomic levels were identified in morphologically intermediate individuals, supporting their homoploid hybrid origin. Chloroplast sequence data suggest that <i>U. dalechampii</i> is the maternal progenitor of the hybrid. …”
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The Leafless <i>Vanilla</i> Species-Complex from the South-West Indian Ocean Region: A Taxonomic Puzzle and a Model for Orchid Evolution and Conservation Research by Cathucia F. Andriamihaja, Aro V. Ramarosandratana, Michel Grisoni, Vololoniaina Jeannoda, Pascale Besse

“…The South-West Indian Ocean (SWIO) region, a biodiversity hotspot for orchids, is home to seven leafless species. Chloroplast markers failed to differentiate species within this recent SWIO clade. …”
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The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of <i>Ophioglossum vulgatum</i> L. Is with Highly Repetitive Sequences: Intergenomic Fragment Transfer and Phylogenetic Analysis by Jing Hao, Yingyi Liang, Yingjuan Su, Ting Wang

“…This study assembled and annotated the complete <i>O. vulgatum</i> mt genome and presented its structural characters and repeat sequences firstly. Its mt and chloroplast (cp) transfer sequences were explored, and the phylogenetic significance of both mt and cp genomes was also evaluated at the family level. …”
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Systematic study and niche differentiation of the genus <em>Aporocactus</em> (Hylocereeae, Cactoideae, Cactaceae) by Isaura Rosas-Reinhold, Daniel Sánchez, Salvador Arias

“…Methods: In this study, phylogenetic analyses were performed using chloroplast DNA markers from different Aporocactus populations and related genera, and ecological niche modeling techniques were also employed. …”
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Photorespiration plays an important role in the regulation of photosynthetic electron flow under fluctuating light in tobacco plants grown under full sunlight by Wei eHuang, Hong eHu, Shi-Bao eZhang

“…Meanwhile, CO2 assimilation rate and electron flow devoted to RuBP carboxylation at 1200 μmol photons m-2 s-1 under fluctuating light were limited by the low chloroplast CO2 concentration. Analysis based on the C3 photosynthesis model indicated that, at 1200 μmol photons m-2 s-1 under fluctuating light, the CO2 assimilation rate was limited by RuBP carboxylation. …”
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