Genome-wide, evolutionary, and functional analyses of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) family in Poaceae species by Douglas Jardim-Messeder, Andreia Caverzan, Gabriel Afonso Bastos, Vanessa Galhego, Ygor de Souza-Vieira, Fernanda Lazzarotto, Esther Felix-Mendes, Lucas Lavaquial, José Nicomedes Junior, Márcia Margis-Pinheiro, Gilberto Sachetto-Martins

“…These results suggest that the cAPXs are the main isoforms responsible for regulating hydrogen peroxide levels in the cell, whereas in the chloroplast, this role is provided mainly by the tAPX isoform. …”
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ROS-mediated enhanced transcription of CYP38 promotes the plant tolerance to high light stress by suppressing GTPase Activation of PsbO2 by Yongqiang eWang, Lizhang eZeng, Da eXing

“…Under HL condition, the gene expression of CYP38 is enhanced, and if CYP38 gene is deficient, photochemistry efficiency and chlorophyll content falls distinctly, and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis occurs in the chloroplast. Western blot results showed that the D1 degradation rate of cyp38 mutant plants is faster than that of wide type (WT) plants. …”
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Physiological and Transcriptome Analysis of a Yellow-Green Leaf Mutant in Birch (<i>Betula platyphylla</i> × <i>B. Pendula</i>) by Huixin Gang, Guifeng Liu, Su Chen, Jing Jiang

“…Chlorophyll (Chl)-deficient mutants are ideal materials for the study of Chl biosynthesis, chloroplast development, and photosynthesis. Although the genes encoding key enzymes related to Chl biosynthesis have been well-characterized in herbaceous plants, rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.), Arabidopsis <i>(Arabidopsis thaliana)</i>, and maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.), yellow-green leaf mutants have not yet been fully studied in tree species. …”
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New Insights into rice pyrimidine catabolic enzymes by Andrea J. Lopez, Heidy Y. Narvaez-Ortiz, Maria A. Rincon-Benavides, Dania Camila Pulido, Luis Eduardo Fuentes Suarez, Barbara H. Zimmermann

“…OsDHPD, truncated to eliminate the chloroplast targeting peptide, was soluble, but inactive. …”
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Biochemical, Physiological and Transcriptomic Comparison between Burley and Flue-Cured Tobacco Seedlings in Relation to Carbohydrates and Nitrate Content by Yafei Li, Huijuan Yang, Dong Chang, Shuzhen Lin, Yuqing Feng, Jingjing Li, Hongzhi Shi

“…Burley tobacco is a genotype of chloroplast-deficient mutant with accumulates high levels of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) which would induce malignant tumors in animals. …”
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Spatial genetic structure reveals migration directionality in Mediterranean Ruppia spiralis (Western Sicily) by Laura Bossaer, Lise Beirinckx, Tim Sierens, Anna M. Mannino, Ludwig Triest

“…Using nuclear microsatellite loci, the nuclear ribosomal cistron and chloroplast sequences, we investigated the genetic diversity, genetic structure, and demographic history of 10 R. spiralis populations along a 25-km coastal stretch of western Sicily encompassing a variety of saline habitats. …”
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Attachment of the RNA degradosome to the bacterial inner cytoplasmic membrane prevents wasteful degradation of rRNA in ribosome assembly intermediates. by Lydia Hadjeras, Marie Bouvier, Isabelle Canal, Leonora Poljak, Quentin Morin-Ogier, Carine Froment, Odile Burlet-Schlitz, Lina Hamouche, Laurence Girbal, Muriel Cocaign-Bousquet, Agamemnon J Carpousis

“…In bacteria and the plant chloroplast, RNA degradosomes are multienzyme complexes that process and degrade RNA. …”
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Comparative analysis of the carrot miRNAome in response to salt stress by Kamil Szymonik, Magdalena Klimek-Chodacka, Aneta Lukasiewicz, Alicja Macko-Podgórni, Dariusz Grzebelus, Rafal Baranski

“…Furthermore, potential miRNA target genes involved in chloroplast protection, signal transduction and the synthesis and modification of cell wall components were indicated in plants growing in saline soil.…”
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Phylogeography of the rare and endangered lycophyte Isoetes yunguiensis by Tao Zheng, Xuanze He, Honghuan Ye, Wei Fu, Maimai Peng, Guangqian Gou

“…Methods Expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers were used to study the genetic diversity and structure of I. yunguiensis, and noncoding chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences were used to study the pedigree, population dynamics history, and glacial shelter of I. yunguiensis. …”
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Analysis of Electrochemically Active Substances in Malvaceae Leaves via Electroanalytical Sensing Technology for Species Identification by Qiong Wang, Weiting Ye, Dongling Li, Jiangwei Zhu, Chenghang Liu, Chengte Lin, Li Fu, Zenglai Xu

“…Dendrogram obtained by electrochemical fingerprinting was used to compare previously reported results deduced from morphological and complete chloroplast genomes.…”
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Complete Mitochondrial Genome Assembly of an Upland Wild Rice Species, <i>Oryza granulata</i> and Comparative Mitochondrial Genomic Analyses of the Genus <i>Oryza</i> by Fen Zhang, Haiqi Kang, Lizhi Gao

“…In the <i>O. granulata</i> mitogenome, the length of 57 homologous fragments in the chloroplast genome occupied 5.96% of the mitogenome length. …”
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Gastrochilus wolongensis (Orchidaceae): a new species from Sichuan, China, based on molecular and morphological data by Junyi Zhang, Yuehong Cheng, Min Liao, Senlong Jin, Chunmao Qu, Yingchun Tan, Anđelka Plenković-Moraj, Bo Xu

“…The molecular phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ribosome internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) and four chloroplast DNA fragments (matK, psbA-trnH, psbM-trnD, and trnL-F) of 36 Gastrochilus species showed that G. wolongensis was closely related to G. ciliaris and G. formosanus.…”
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Comparative Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Two WRKY Transcription Factors Positively Regulating Polysaccharide Biosynthesis in <i>Polygonatum cyrtonema</i> by Wu Jiang, Jiadong Chen, Xiaojing Duan, Yaping Li, Zhengming Tao

“…A protein of a key gene, <i>galE1</i>, was localized in the chloroplast. The PCP content in the transiently overexpressed <i>galE1</i> tobacco leaves was higher than in the wild type. …”
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The molecular phylogenetic position of Harpagocarpus (Polygonaceae) sheds new light on the infrageneric classification of Fagopyrum by Daozhang Min, Wei Shi, Mohammad Mehdi Dehshiri, Yuting Gou, Wei Li, Kaixuan Zhang, Meiliang Zhou, Bo Li

“…In the present study, we adopt a two-step approach to confirm the phylogenetic placement of Harpagocarpus using two datasets: (1) a concatenated dataset of three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) regions (matK, rbcL and trnL-F) for Polygonaceae and (2) a combined cpDNA dataset of five sequences (accD, matK, psbA-trnH, rbcL and trnL-F) for Fagopyrum. …”
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Physio-Biochemical Responses of Sweet Cherry Leaf to Natural Cold Conditions by Matej Vosnjak, Helena Sircelj, Dominik Vodnik, Valentina Usenik

“…The response was studied by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange parameters and by analyzing chloroplast pigments (i) immediately after exposure, (ii) 24 h and (iii) 48 h later. …”
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Rice Lesion Mimic Mutants (LMM): The Current Understanding of Genetic Mutations in the Failure of ROS Scavenging during Lesion Formation by Sang Gu Kang, Kyung Eun Lee, Mahendra Singh, Pradeep Kumar, Mohammad Nurul Matin

“…These LMM mutants exhibit a common phenotype of lesions on the leaves linked to chloroplast destruction caused by the eruption of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the photosynthesis process. …”
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Freeze Substitution Accelerated via Agitation: New Prospects for Ultrastructural Studies of Lichen Symbionts and Their Extracellular Matrix by Siegfried Reipert, Daniela Gruber, Norbert Cyran, Brigitte Schmidt, Rosa de la Torre Noetzel, Leopoldo G. Sancho, Michal Goga, Martin Bačkor, Katy Schmidt

“…They include cryopreserved aspects of algal photobionts and observations of putative physiological relevance, such as the arrangement of numerous mitochondria within chloroplast pockets. (4) Conclusions: In summary, we present accelerated freeze substitution as a very useful tool for systematic studies of lichen ultrastructures.…”
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Modified Crosstalk between Phytohormones in Arabidopsis Mutants for PEP-Associated Proteins by Ivan A. Bychkov, Aleksandra A. Andreeva, Radomira Vankova, Jozef Lacek, Natalia V. Kudryakova, Victor V. Kusnetsov

“…Plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) forms a multisubunit complex in operating chloroplasts, where PEP subunits and a sigma factor are tightly associated with 12 additional nuclear-encoded proteins. …”
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<i>Ilex danxiaensis</i> (Aquifoliaceae), a Distinct New Tree Species Endemic to Danxia Mountain in Guangdong Province, China, Based on Molecular and Morphological Evidence by Chenxue Lin, Wanyi Zhao, Zaixiong Chen, Qiang Fan, Kewang Xu

“…We inferred the phylogenetic position of the new species based on sequences from three nuclear markers, namely internal transcribed spacer (ITS), external transcribed spacer (ETS), and chloroplast glutamine synthetase gene (<i>nepGS</i>). …”
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OXPHOS Organization and Activity in Mitochondria of Plants with Different Life Strategies by Irina V. Ukolova, Gennadii B. Borovskii

“…The latter fact could contribute to successful chloroplast–mitochondrial cooperation, which is essential for highly efficient photosynthesis in this species. …”
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