Microbial Quality of Donkey Milk during Lactation Stages by Miaomiao Zhou, Fei Huang, Xinyi Du, Changfa Wang, Guiqin Liu

“…In the mature milk, the abundance of lactic acid bacteria <i>Streptococcus</i> (7%) was higher. <i>Chloroplast</i> (5%) and <i>Rothia</i> (3%) were more plentiful in milk samples from middle and later lactation stages (90–180 d). …”
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Transcriptome Analysis of Gene Expression Patterns Potentially Associated with Premature Senescence in <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> L. by Zhe Zhao, Yifan Li, Songchao Zhao, Jiawen Zhang, Hong Zhang, Bo Fu, Fan He, Mingqin Zhao, Pengfei Liu

“…With progressive premature senescence, a declining chlorophyll (chl) content and an increasing malonaldehyde (MDA) content were observed, while plasmolysis and cell nucleus pyknosis occurred, mitochondria melted, thylakoid lamellae were dilated, starch grains in chloroplast decreased, and osmiophilic granules increased gradually. …”
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Reducing nitrate and tobacco‐specific nitrosamine level in burley tobacco leaves through grafting on flue‐cured tobacco rootstock by Yuqing Feng, Yuanyuan Zhao, Geng Li, Hongzhi Shi

“…Abstract Nitrosation of pyridine alkaloids in tobacco generates tobacco‐specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), which are notable toxicants in tobacco products and smoke. Burley tobacco, a chloroplast‐ and nitrogen (N)‐deficient phenotype that accumulates high levels of nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3‐N) in its leaves, is particularly susceptible to TSNAs formation. …”
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Phylogeography of Dictyota fasciola and Dictyota mediterranea (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae): unexpected patterns on the Atlantic-Mediterranean marine transition and taxonomic implica... by Daniel Vitales, Joana Aragay, Teresa Garnatje, Amelia Gómez Garreta, Jordi Rull Lluch

“…In this study, we sampled 102 individuals of D. fasciola and D. mediterranea from 32 localities along their distribution range and sequenced the mitochondrial cox1 and the chloroplast rbcL-rbcS DNA regions for all the samples. …”
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Analysis of codon usage patterns in 48 Aconitum species by Meihua Yang, Jiahao Liu, Wanqing Yang, Zhen Li, Yonglin Hai, Baozhong Duan, Haizhu Zhang, Xiaoli Yang, Conglong Xia

“…Furthermore, our Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis based on PCGs among 48 Aconitum species yielded results consistent with those obtained from complete chloroplast (cp.) genome data. This suggests that analyzing mutation in PCGs is an efficient method for demonstrating the phylogeny of species at the genus level. …”
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Cytokinin biosynthesis in cyanobacteria: Insights for crop improvement by Shashi Uniyal, Munni Bhandari, Preeti Singh, Rahul Kunwar Singh, Shree Prakash Tiwari

“…Cytokinins, a type of phytohormones that induce division of cytoplasm, have considerable value in agriculture due to their influences on several physiological processes of plants such as morphogenesis, development of chloroplast, seed dormancy, leaf senescence, etc. Previously, it was assumed that plants obtain cytokinin from the soil produced by microbes as these hormones were first discovered in soil-inhabiting bacteria i.e., Agrobacterium tumefaciens. …”
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Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of <i>G2-Like</i> Transcription Factor Genes in Moso Bamboo (<i>Phyllostachys edulis</i>) by Ruihua Wu, Lin Guo, Ruoyu Wang, Qian Zhang, Hongjun Yao

“…<i>G2-like</i> (GLK) transcription factors contribute significantly and extensively in regulating chloroplast growth and development in plants. This study investigated the genome-wide identification, phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, promoter cis-elements, MCScanX, divergence times, and expression profile analysis of <i>PeGLK</i> genes in moso bamboo (<i>Phyllostachys edulis</i>). …”
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Complete plastid genome of Lippia origanoides (Verbenaceae) and phylogenomic analysis of Lamiales by Deise Schroder Sarzi, Larissa Haerolde, Flávia Souza Lopes, Carolina Furtado, Danilo Ribeiro Oliveira, Cássia Monica Sakuragui, Francisco Prosdocimi

“…As expected, the phylogenomic analysis grouped L. origanoides together with Aloysia citrodora in a monophyletic clade representing the Verbenaceae family. The complete chloroplast genome of L. origanoides will contribute to support further studies on population genetics, phylogeography, evolutionary, and conservation biology of Verbenaceae.…”
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Study on inter-taxon population structure and diversity variation of hosta inferring from trnG-trnS regional cpDNA by Hasan Mehraj, Subarna Sharma, Kouhei Ohnishi, Kazuhiko Shimasaki

“…We sequenced trnS-trnG regional (chloroplast DNA) cpDNA in 81 populations comprising 399 individuals of 11 Hosta taxa collected from Shikoku area. …”
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Photosynthetic Accumulation of Lutein in Auxenochlorella protothecoides after Heterotrophic Growth by Yibo Xiao, Xi He, Qi Ma, Yue Lu, Fan Bai, Junbiao Dai, Qingyu Wu

“…This strategy increased the lutein content 10 times along with chloroplast regeneration and little biomass loss in 48 h. …”
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Photosynthetic response mechanism to polybrominated diphenyl ether exposure in Chlorella pyrenoidosa by Jinlu Hu, Ning Zhang, Balamurugan Srinivasan, Jiancheng Yang, Kaixin Tang, Lifei Zhang, Xueli Liu, Xin Zhang

“…Chlorella pyrenoidosa was treated with 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE47), causing significant growth inhibition, pigment reduction, oxidative stress, and chloroplast atrophy. Photosynthetic damage contributed to inhibition, as indicated by Fv/Fm, Chl a fluorescence induction, photosynthetic oxygen evolution activity, and photosystem subunit stoichiometry. …”
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Organellar Introns in Fungi, Algae, and Plants by Jigeesha Mukhopadhyay, Georg Hausner

“…There are some biases, with Group I introns being more frequently encountered in fungal mitochondrial genomes, whereas among plants Group II introns dominate within the mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes. Organellar introns can encode a variety of proteins, such as maturases, homing endonucleases, reverse transcriptases, and, in some cases, ribosomal proteins, along with other novel open reading frames. …”
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DNA sequence variation in the fruit tree <em>Inga inicuil</em> (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) from contrasting altitude distinguishes two different species by Ma. Teresa P. Pulido-Salas, Dolores González, Arturo Pérez-Vázquez, Francisco Lorea-Hernández

“…The aim of this study was to explore variation in non-coding regions from the chloroplast and nuclear genomes within individuals of I. inicuil from contrasting altitude. …”
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Metabolism and Signaling of Plant Mitochondria in Adaptation to Environmental Stresses by Pedro Barreto, Alessandra Koltun, Juliana Nonato, Juliana Yassitepe, Ivan de Godoy Maia, Paulo Arruda

“…We also discuss how mitochondrial function and retrograde signaling mechanisms affect chloroplast function. Additionally, we discuss how mitochondrial inner membrane transporters can mediate mitochondrial communication with other organelles. …”
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Phylogeography of Swertia perennis in Europe based on cpDNA markers by Jacek Urbaniak, Paweł Kwiatkowski, Paweł Pawlikowski

“…Methods In this study we used molecular techniques and combined data from chloroplast DNA markers (trnLF region and trnH-psbA spacer) to elucidate the phylogeography of S. perennis in Europe. …”
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A study of RNA-editing in Populus trichocarpa nuclei revealed acquisition of RNA-editing on the endosymbiont-derived genes, and a preference for intracellular remodeling genes in a... by Yiran Wang, Lihu Wang, Su Chen, Song Chen

“…We then scrutinized RNA-editing in a cyanobacterial strain closely related to chloroplast. No RNA-editing sites were identified therein, implying that RNA-editing of these endosymbiont-derived genes was acquired after endosymbiosis. …”
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Distribution of Biodiversity of Wild Beet Species (Genus <i>Beta</i> L.) in Armenia under Ongoing Climate Change Conditions by Anna Avetisyan, Tatevik Aloyan, Amalya Iskandaryan, Margarita Harutyunyan, Laura Jaakola, Andreas Melikyan

“…</i> A new natural hybrid <i>Beta x intermedium</i> Aloyan between <i>B. corolliflora</i> and <i>B. macrorhiza</i> was described and confirmed using chloroplast DNA trnL-trnF intergenic spacer (LF) and partially sequenced alcohol dehydrogenase (<i>adh</i>) of nuclear DNA. …”
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Formation of Proto-Kranz in C3 Rice Induced by Spike-Stalk Injection Method by Dexing Jiang, Feng Wang, Haizi Zhang, Wenwen Gao, Xi Tong, Chuangen Lv, Guoxiang Chen

“…Exogenous sorghum DNA integration induced a series of key traits associated with the C4 pathway called “proto-Kranz” anatomy, including leaf thickness, bundle sheath number and size, and chloroplast size in bundle sheath cells. Significantly, transgenic plants exhibited enhanced photosynthetic capacity resulting from both photosynthetic CO₂-concentrating effect and improved energy balance, which led to an increase in carbohydrate levels and productivity. …”
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Fingerprints and Mini DNA Markers for the Authentication of Cinnamon Species Ingredients Used in Food and Natural Health Products by Subramanyam Ragupathy, Arunachalam Thirugnanasambandam, Varathan Vinayagam, Steven G. Newmaster

“…Our research advances DNA methods to authenticate cinnamon, as we utilized full-length chloroplast genomes via a genome skimming approach for <i>C. burmannii</i> and <i>C. cassia</i> to facilitate the design of optimal mini DNA markers. …”
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Tetraploidization Increases the Contents of Functional Metabolites in <i>Cnidium officinale</i> by Hyung-Eun Kim, Jong-Eun Han, Hyoshin Lee, Ji-Hye Kim, Hyun-Hee Kim, Ki-Yong Lee, Jae-Heyuk Shin, Hyun-Kuy Kim, So-Young Park

“…Compared with diploids, tetraploids showed higher chloroplast number and stomatal complex size but lower chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. …”
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