Dilemmas in generic delimitation of Senegalia and allies (Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade): how to reconcile phylogenomic evidence with morphology and taxonomy? by Vanessa Terra, Jens J. Ringelberg, Bruce Maslin, Erik J. M. Koenen, John Ebinger, David Seigler, Colin E. Hughes

“…In marked contrast to the nuclear phylogeny, the two Senegalia clades are sister groups in the plastid phylogeny, based on analyses of 72 chloroplast genes, rendering the genus monophyletic, based on plastid data alone. …”
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Augmenting tomato functional genomics with a genome-wide induced genetic variation resource by Prateek Gupta, Prateek Gupta, Pankaj Singh Dholaniya, Kunnappady Princy, Athira Sethu Madhavan, Yellamaraju Sreelakshmi, Rameshwar Sharma

“…The validation of a potato leaf-like mutation, reduction in carotenoids in ζ-carotene isomerase mutant fruits, and chloroplast relocation loss in phototropin1 mutant validated the mutation discovery pipeline. …”
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A Small Subunit of Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase Functions as an Active Regulator of Carotenoid Synthesis in <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> by Chen Dong, Mei Zhang, Shanshan Song, Fang Wei, Lili Qin, Puqing Fan, Yongchun Shi, Xiaoran Wang, Ran Wang

“…The confocal image revealed that NtSSU II was localized in the chloroplast. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) indicated that NtSSU II and NtGGPPS1 formed heterodimers, which were able to interact with phytoene synthase (NtPSY1) to channel GGPP into the carotenoid production. …”
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Octocorals in the Gulf of Aqaba exhibit high photosymbiont fidelity by Ronen Liberman, Ronen Liberman, Yehuda Benayahu, Dorothée Huchon, Dorothée Huchon

“…Here, we used ribosomal (ITS2) and chloroplast (23S) markers to uncover, for the first time, the dominant Symbiodiniaceae taxa present in 19 mesophotic octocoral species (30–70 m depth) from the Gulf of Aqaba/Eilat (northern Red Sea). …”
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Thylakoid Rhodanese-like Protein–Ferredoxin:NADP⁺ Oxidoreductase Interaction Is Integrated into Plant Redox Homeostasis System by Lea Vojta, Anja Rac-Justament, Bernd Zechmann, Hrvoje Fulgosi

“…In this work, we aimed to further test our hypothesis that the FNR–TROL pair could be the source element that triggers various downstream networks of chloroplast ROS scavenging. Tandem affinity purification followed by the MS analysis confirmed the TROL–FNR interaction and revealed possible interaction of TROL with the thylakoid form of the enzyme ascorbate peroxidase (tAPX), which catalyzes the H₂O₂-dependent oxidation of ascorbate and is, therefore, the crucial component of the redox homeostasis system in plants. …”
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Abiotic Stress and Reactive Oxygen Species: Generation, Signaling, and Defense Mechanisms by Swati Sachdev, Shamim Akhtar Ansari, Mohammad Israil Ansari, Masayuki Fujita, Mirza Hasanuzzaman

“…Plants convert 1–2% of consumed oxygen into reactive oxygen species (ROS), in particular, singlet oxygen (¹O₂), superoxide radical (O₂^•–), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), hydroxyl radical (^•OH), etc. as a byproduct of aerobic metabolism in different cell organelles such as chloroplast, mitochondria, etc. The regulatory network comprising enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems tends to keep the magnitude of ROS within plant cells to a non-damaging level. …”
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Screening and Validation of Internal Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis of Leaf Color Mutants in <i>Dendrobium officinale</i> by Hua Cao, Han Li, Lin Lu, Yulu Ji, Lulin Ma, Shenchong Li

“…Leaf color mutants (LCMs) are important resources for studying diverse metabolic processes such as chloroplast biogenesis and differentiation, pigments’ biosynthesis and accumulation, and photosynthesis. …”
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DNA metabarcoding of faecal pellets reveals high consumption of yew (Taxus spp.) by caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in a lichen-poor environment by Greniqueca Mitchell, Paul J. Wilson, Micheline Manseau, Bridget Redquest, Brent R. Patterson, Linda Y. Rutledge

“…Amplicon sequencing of fungal ITS2 region revealed lichen-associated fungi as predominant in samples from both populations, but amplification at the chloroplast trnL region, which was only successful on island samples, revealed primary consumption of yew (Taxus spp.) based on relative read abundance (83.68%) with dogwood (Cornus spp.; 9.67%) and maple (Acer spp.; 4.10%) also prevalent. …”
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Lipo-chitooligosaccharide and thuricin 17 act as plant growth promoters and alleviate drought stress in Arabidopsis thaliana by Sowmyalakshmi Subramanian, Erika Mitkus, Alfred Souleimanov, Donald L. Smith

“…Untargeted proteomics revealed changes in the levels of drought-specific ribosomal proteins, glutathione S-transferase, late embryogenesis proteins, vegetative storage proteins 1 and 2, thaumatin-like proteins, and those related to chloroplast and carbon metabolism. The roles of some of these significantly affected proteins detected under drought stress are discussed.…”
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Alterations in Primary Carbon Metabolism in Cucumber Infected with <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv <i>lachrymans</i>: Local and Systemic Responses by Tomasz Kopczewski, Elżbieta Kuźniak, Iwona Ciereszko, Andrzej Kornaś

“…The changes in gene expression of ribulose-l,5-bis-phosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large unit, phospho<i>enol</i>pyruvate carboxylase and chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were compatible with a net photosynthesis decline described earlier. …”
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Involvement of Arabidopsis Acyl Carrier Protein 1 in PAMP-Triggered Immunity by Zhenzhen Zhao, Jiangbo Fan, Piao Yang, Zonghua Wang, Stephen Obol Opiyo, David Mackey, Ye Xia

“…Through reverse genetic, molecular, and biochemical approaches, we have discovered that ACP1 localizes to the chloroplast and limits the magnitude of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. …”
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Plastid genome of Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (poro-poro) from Huánuco, Peru [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] by Silvia Ana Valverde-Zavaleta, Flavio Aliaga, Mario Zapata-Cruz

“…We report the poro-poro plastid genome to expand the knowledge of its molecular markers, evolutionary studies, molecular pathways, and conservation genetics. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome is 163,451 bp in length with a typical quadripartite structure, containing a large single-copy region of 85,525 bp and a small single-copy region of 13,518 bp, separated by a pair of inverted repeat regions (IR) of 32,204 bp, and the overall GC content was 36.87%. …”
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Overexpression of 7-hydroxymethyl Chlorophyll <i>a</i> Reductase from Cucumber in Tobacco Accelerates Dark-Induced Chlorophyll Degradation by Weikang Liu, Guangling Chen, Jiaqi Chen, Mohammad Shah Jahan, Shirong Guo, Yu Wang, Jin Sun

“…These results indicate that <i>CsHCAR</i> affects the stability of photosynthetic proteins in chloroplasts, positively regulates Chl degradation, and plays an important role in maintaining ROS homeostasis in leaves.…”
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Rapid Hormetic Responses of Photosystem II Photochemistry of Clary Sage to Cadmium Exposure by Ioannis-Dimosthenis S. Adamakis, Ilektra Sperdouli, Anetta Hanć, Anelia Dobrikova, Emilia Apostolova, Michael Moustakas

“…Despite the substantial levels of Cd in leaves, without any observed defects on chloroplast ultrastructure, an enhanced photosystem II (PSII) efficiency was observed, with a higher fraction of absorbed light energy to be directed to photochemistry (Φ<i>_PSΙΙ</i>). …”
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Effects of Spraying Calcium Fertilizer on Photosynthesis, Mineral Content, Sugar–Acid Metabolism and Fruit Quality of Fuji Apples by Guiping Wang, Jinzheng Wang, Xueping Han, Ru Chen, Xiaomin Xue

“…The results revealed that spraying calcium fertilizer increased the chloroplast pigment content and photosynthetic capacity of the apple leaves. …”
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Hybridization, polyploidization, and morphological convergence make dozens of taxa into one chaotic genetic pool: a phylogenomic case of the Ficus erecta species complex (Moraceae) by Xiaomei Wang, Shuai Liao, Shuai Liao, Zhen Zhang, Jianhang Zhang, Li Mei, Hongqing Li

“…Extensive researches involving RADseq (Restriction-site associated DNA sequencing), complete chloroplast genome data, and flow cytometry methods were conducted, focusing on phylogenomic analysis, genetic structure, and ploidy detection within the complex. …”
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Organelle Genomes and Transcriptomes of <i>Nymphaea</i> Reveal the Interplay between Intron Splicing and RNA Editing by Zheng-Shan He, Andan Zhu, Jun-Bo Yang, Weishu Fan, De-Zhu Li

“…To fully investigate the intermediates during intron splicing and the underlying relationships with RNA editing, we used PacBio DNA-seq and Iso-seq, together with Illumina short reads genome and transcriptome sequencing data to assemble the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of <i>Nymphaea</i> ‘Joey Tomocik’ and analyze their posttranscriptional features. …”
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Physiological and Enzymatic Evaluation of Selected Genotypes of <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> Bertoni by Luis Alfonso Rodriguez-Paez, Ana Melisa Jimenez-Ramirez, Marcelo F. Pompelli, Yirlis Yadeth Pineda-Rodriguez, Alfredo Jarma-Orozco, Juán de Dios Jaraba-Navas, Hermes Aramendiz-Tatis, Enrique Combatt-Caballero, Maria Ileana Oloriz-Ortega, Novisel Veitía Rodríguez

“…However, there is a lack of in-depth studies of morphophysiological and biochemical indicators such as gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, chloroplast pigments, and antioxidant systems, which allow us to develop early selection tools for elite genotypes. …”
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Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Physiological and Anatomical Indices in Spring Barley Tissues by Vishnu D. Rajput, Tatiana Minkina, Aleksei Fedorenko, Natalia Chernikova, Tara Hassan, Saglara Mandzhieva, Svetlana Sushkova, Vladimir Lysenko, Mikhail A. Soldatov, Marina Burachevskaya

“…There was a lower number of chloroplasts per cell observed in the <i>H. sativum</i> leaf cells treated with ZnO NPs as compared to the non-treated plants. …”
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Genome-wide analysis of the GLP gene family and overexpression of GLP1-5–1 to promote lignin accumulation during early somatic embryo development in Dimocarpus longan by Zhuoyun Li, Zhuoran Fu, Shuting Zhang, Xueying Zhang, Xiaodong Xue, Yukun Chen, Zihao Zhang, Zhongxiong Lai, Yuling Lin

“…Subcellular localization showed that DlGLP5-8–2 and DlGLP1-5–1 were located in the cytoplasm and extracellular stroma/chloroplast, respectively. Overexpression of DIGLP1-5–1 in the globular embryos (GEs) of longan promoted the accumulation of lignin and decreased the H2O2 content by regulating the activities of ROS-related enzymes. …”
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