Identification, Characteristics and Function of Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in the Agar Biosynthesis and Carbon Flux in the Agarophyte <i>Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis</i> (Rhodophyta) by Qionglin Chen, Xinlei Yu, Shixia Liu, Suya Luo, Xiaojiao Chen, Nianjun Xu, Xue Sun

“…The subcellular localization analysis validated that GlPGM1 was located in the chloroplast and GlPGM3 was not significantly distributed in the organelles. …”
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Peripatric speciation within Torreya fargesii (Taxaceae) in the Hengduan Mountains inferred from multi-loci phylogeography by Yixuan Kou, Dengmei Fan, Shanmei Cheng, Yi Yang, Meixia Wang, Yujin Wang, Zhiyong Zhang

“…However, peripatric speciation, an important mode of allopatric speciation, has seldom been reported in this region. Results Here, two chloroplast DNA regions and 14 nuclear loci were sequenced for 112 individuals from 10 populations of Torreya fargesii var. fargesii and 63 individuals from 6 populations of T. fargesii var. yunnanensis. …”
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The distinct roles of two intertidal foraminiferal species in phytodetrital carbon and nitrogen fluxes – results from laboratory feeding experiments by J. Wukovits, M. Oberrauch, A. J. Enge, P. Heinz

“…This might be related with the chloroplast husbandry in <i>H. germanica</i> and its lower demands for food-derived nitrogen sources. …”
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Pigment and Fatty Acid Heterogeneity in the Sea Slug <i>Elysia crispata</i> Is Not Shaped by Habitat Depth by Xochitl Guadalupe Vital, Felisa Rey, Paulo Cartaxana, Sónia Cruz, Maria Rosário Domingues, Ricardo Calado, Nuno Simões

“…Long-term retention of functional chloroplasts in animal cells occurs only in sacoglossan sea slugs. …”
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ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF MEDIUM MORPHOTYPE OF Paubrasilia echinata (Lam.)Gagnon,H.C.Lima and G.P.Lewis RAISED UNDER FULL SUNLIGHT AND NATURAL SHADE by Vinícius Novo Gama, Bernardo Pretti Becacici Macieira, Leonardo Valandro Zanetti, Dayana Effgen Fantinato, Talita Miranda Teixeira Xavier, José Eduardo Macedo Pezzopane, Geraldo Rogério Faustini Cuzzuol

“…Growth, leaf anatomy, chloroplast pigments, photochemical (chlorophyll a fluorescence), and biochemical (gaseous exchanges) efficiency, soluble carbohydrates, and antioxidants were measured. …”
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Salicylic Acid Inhibits the Replication of Tomato bushy stunt virus by Directly Targeting a Host Component in the Replication Complex by Miaoying Tian, Zsuzsanna Sasvari, Paulina Alatriste Gonzalez, Giulia Friso, Elden Rowland, Xiao-Min Liu, Klaas J. van Wijk, Peter D. Nagy, Daniel F. Klessig

“…Using these approaches, we have now identified several members of the Arabidopsis glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) protein family, including two chloroplast-localized and two cytosolic isoforms, as SABPs. …”
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Genome-Editing of <i>FtsZ1</i> for Alteration of Starch Granule Size in Potato Tubers by Alexander C. Pfotenhauer, Alessandro Occhialini, Stacee A. Harbison, Li Li, Agnieszka A. Piatek, Curtis R. Luckett, Yongil Yang, C. Neal Stewart, Scott C. Lenaghan

“…The altered expression of <i>FtsZ1</i> has been shown to disrupt plastid division, leading to the production of “macro-plastid”-containing plants. These macro-chloroplast plants are characterized by cells containing fewer and enlarged plastids. …”
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A Simple and Effective Bioassay Method Suitable to Comparative In Vitro Study of Tomato Salt Tolerance at Early Development Stages by Marat R. Khaliluev, Liliya R. Bogoutdinova, Galina N. Raldugina, Ekaterina N. Baranova

“…Rekordsmen) at the organismal (measurements of CO₂ gas exchange), organ (rhizogenesis frequency; number and length of de novo regenerated roots; root fresh (RFW) and dry (RDW) weights; shoot fresh (SFW) and dry (SDW) weights), tissue (the average cross-sectional area of epidermal and mesophylls cotyledonary cells) and cellular (ultrastructure of chloroplast and nuclear compartments) development levels. …”
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Altered gene expression changes in <it>Arabidopsis </it>leaf tissues and protoplasts in response to <it>Plum pox virus </it>infection by Griffiths Jonathan S, Babu Mohan, Huang Tyng-Shyan, Wang Aiming

“…Genes associated with soluble sugar, starch and amino acid, intracellular membrane/membrane-bound organelles, chloroplast, and protein fate were upregulated, while genes related to development/storage proteins, protein synthesis and translation, and cell wall-associated components were downregulated. …”
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Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 2 (OsUBP2) Negatively Regulates Cell Death and Disease Resistance in Rice by Ruirui Jiang, Shichen Zhou, Xiaowen Da, Tao Chen, Jiming Xu, Peng Yan, Xiaorong Mo

“…The mutation of <i>OsUBP2</i> was shown to result in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, chloroplast structural defects, and programmed cell death, while the overexpression of <i>OsUBP2</i> weakened rice resistance to leaf blast. …”
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Chemotaxonomic Monitoring of Genetically Authenticated Amomi Fructus Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Diode Array Detector with Chemometric Analysis by Eui-Jeong Doh, Guemsan Lee, Hyun-Jong Jung, Kang-Beom Kwon, Jung-Hoon Kim

“…Forty-two Amomi Fructus samples from various origins were identified using internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast barcoding analyses, and then their chromatographic profiles were compared using chemometric analysis for chemotaxonomic monitoring. …”
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First genomic insights into the Mandevilla genus by Fabio Palumbo, Samela Draga, Francesco Scariolo, Giovanni Gabelli, Gio Batta Sacilotto, Marco Gazzola, Gianni Barcaccia

“…These results were integrated with cytometric measurements, nuclear ITS1 haplotyping and chloroplast DNA barcoding analyses to assess the origin, divergence and relationships existing among the 55 accessions object of the study. …”
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Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of Asia Callicarpa (Lamiaceae), with consideration of a long-distance dispersal across the Pacific Ocean —insights into divergence modes... by Huimin Cai, Xing Liu, Wenqiao Wang, Zhonghui Ma, Bo Li, Gemma L. C. Bramley, Dianxiang Zhang

“…This study has greatly improved the phylogenetic underpinning for Callicarpa, derived from more inclusive taxonomic samplings, and employing data on both two-nuclear and eight-chloroplast regions. To address time and patterns of diversification in Callicarpa, we conducted divergence time and biogeographic analyses, and inferred shifts in the distribution areas across the phylogenetic clades. …”
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Transcriptome analysis of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) under nickel stress by Karolina M. Czajka, Kabwe Nkongolo

“…Significant upregulation was observed in genes located in ribosome while downregulation of genes in chloroplast and mitochondrion were preponderant in resistant genotypes compared to susceptible. …”
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Overview of <i>Schistochilopsis</i> (Hepaticae) in Pacific Asia with the Description <i>Protochilopsis</i> <i>gen. nov.</i> by Vadim A. Bakalin, Vladimir E. Fedosov, Yulia D. Maltseva, Irina A. Milyutina, Ksenia G. Klimova, Hung Manh Nguyen, Aleksey V. Troitsky

“…The study includes phylogenetic reconstructions from nuclear ITS1,2, chloroplast <i>trn</i>L and <i>trn</i>G sequences, and anatomo-morphological, biogeographical, and taxonomical analyses. …”
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Genome-Wide Identification, Phylogenetic and Expression Pattern Analysis of GATA Family Genes in Cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.) by Kaijing Zhang, Li Jia, Dekun Yang, Yuchao Hu, Martin Kagiki Njogu, Panqiao Wang, Xiaomin Lu, Congsheng Yan

“…RNA-seq analysis of green and virescent leaves revealed that seven GATA genes might be involved in the chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis. …”
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Comprehensive review of botanical characteristics, artificial cultivation methods, quality evaluation, genome research, and potential applications of Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Van. by Changjie Chen, Jinxin Li, Hong Chen, Huixia Cai, Jingyi Zhang, Lanping Guo, Yuhuan Miao, Dahui Liu

“…In recent years, the assembly and release of A. argyi chloroplast and chromosome-scale nuclear genomes have enabled identification of key genes in the biosynthetic pathways of various important active compounds. …”
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Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense in Plants by Kamrun Nahar, Mohammad Saidur Rhaman, Khursheda Parvin, Kirti Bardhan, Deyvid Novaes Marques, Pedro García-Caparrós, Mirza Hasanuzzaman

“…At physiological level, As-induced altered biochemistry in chloroplast, mitochondria, peroxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, cell wall, plasma membrane causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) overgeneration which damage cell through disintegrating the structure of lipids, proteins, and DNA. …”
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The Exogenous Application of Non-Toxic Sulfur Contributes to the Growth-Promoting Effects of Leaf Lettuce (<i>Lactuca</i> <i>sativa</i> L. var. <i>crispa</i>) by Jong-Chan Park, Nipin Sp, Hyoung Do Kim, Dong Young Kang, Il Ho Kim, Se Won Bae, Young Yang, Kyoung-Jin Jang

“…This article reports that sulfur can be applied to crop leaves as nontoxic sulfur (NTS) in trace amounts to positively affect plant hormones, chloroplast content, and ROS scavenging system, thereby promoting growth, and increasing crop yields. …”
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Regulation of Drought and Salt Tolerance by OsSKL2 and OsASR1 in Rice by Yingli Jiang, Xiaojian Peng, Qin Zhang, Yuqing Liu, Aiqi Li, Beijiu Cheng, Jiandong Wu

“…OsSKL2 was localized in the chloroplast, and its transcripts were significantly induced by drought and salinity stress as well as H2O2 and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. …”
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