Development of C₄ Biochemistry and Change in Expression of Markers for Photosystems I and II in the Single-Cell C₄ Species, <i>Bienertia sinuspersici</i> by Makoto Yanagisawa, Simon D. X. Chuong

“…In mature chlorenchyma cells, RbcL accumulated 20-fold higher in the CCC than in the PCC, while PPDK exhibited a concentration gradient that was the lowest in the chloroplasts in the central region of the CCC and the highest in PCC chloroplasts. …”
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Relationship of leaf ultrastructure of mangrove Kandelia candel (L.) Druce to salt tolerance by D. Qiu, P. Lin, J. Su

“…Most chloroplasts had a reduced number of grana, particularly of thylakoids in grana as compared with control plants. …”
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Evolutionary conservation of dual Sec translocases in the cyanelles of <it>Cyanophora paradoxa</it> by Löffelhardt Wolfgang, Steiner Jürgen M, Yusa Fumie

“…<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cyanelles, the peptidoglycan-armored plastids of glaucocystophytes, occupy a unique bridge position in between free-living cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. In some respects they side with cyanobacteria whereas other features are clearly shared with chloroplasts. …”
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Sudden collapse of vacuoles in Saintpaulia sp. palisade cells induced by a rapid temperature decrease. by Noriaki Kadohama, Tatsuaki Goh, Miwa Ohnishi, Hidehiro Fukaki, Tetsuro Mimura, Yoshihiro Suzuki

“…Isolated chloroplasts were not directly affected by the rapid temperature decrease. …”
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Protein phosphorylation in amyloplasts regulates starch branching enzyme activity and protein-protein interactions. by Tetlow, I, Wait, R, Lu, Z, Akkasaeng, R, Bowsher, C, Esposito, S, Kosar-Hashemi, B, Morell, M, Emes, M

“…Protein phosphorylation in amyloplasts and chloroplasts of Triticum aestivum (wheat) was investigated after the incubation of intact plastids with gamma-(32)P-ATP. …”

Nondestructive circadian profiling of starch content in fresh intact Arabidopsis leaf with two-photon fluorescence and second-harmonic generation imaging by Juo-Nang Liao, Wei-Liang Chen, Chao-Yuan Lo, Man-Hong Lai, Huang-Lung Tsai, Yu-Ming Chang

“…Abstract Plant chloroplasts conduct photosynthesis to convert solar energy into sugars for the carbon source essential for cell living and growth during the day. …”
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Analysis of companion cell and phloem metabolism using a transcriptome-guided model of Arabidopsis metabolism by Hunt, H, Brueggen, N, Galle, A, Vanderauwera, S, Frohberg, C, Fernie, AR, Sonnewald, U, Sweetlove, LJ

“…We find that companion cell chloroplasts likely play a very different role to mesophyll chloroplasts. …”

Cell-specific measurement of cytosolic glutathione in poplar leaves. by Hartmann, T, Fricker, M, Rennenberg, H, Meyer, A

“…This suggests that an appropriate GST was not present within the chloroplasts to catalyse the conjugation reaction and that chloroplastic GSH does not rapidly exchange with the cytoplasmic pool under the conditions of the assay. …”

Effects of leaf age during drought and recovery on photosynthesis, mesophyll conductance and leaf anatomy in wheat leaves by Eisrat Jahan, Robert Edward Sharwood, Robert Edward Sharwood, David T. Tissue, David T. Tissue

“…Summary statement: Mesophyll conductance (gm) was negatively correlated with wheat leaf age but was positively correlated with the surface area of chloroplasts exposed to intercellular airspaces (Sc). …”
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Intra-individual heteroplasmy in the Gentiana tongolensis plastid genome (Gentianaceae) by Shan-Shan Sun, Xiao-Jun Zhou, Zhi-Zhong Li, Hong-Yang Song, Zhi-Cheng Long, Peng-Cheng Fu

“…Chloroplasts are typically inherited from the female parent and are haploid in most angiosperms, but rare intra-individual heteroplasmy in plastid genomes has been reported in plants. …”
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Multiple Roles of Glycerate Kinase—From Photorespiration to Gluconeogenesis, C₄ Metabolism, and Plant Immunity by Leszek A. Kleczkowski, Abir U. Igamberdiev

“…Plant glycerate kinase (GK) was previously considered an exclusively chloroplastic enzyme of the glycolate pathway (photorespiration), and its sole predicted role was to return most of the glycolate-derived carbon (as glycerate) to the Calvin cycle. …”
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Low-Temperature-Mediated Promoter Methylation Relates to the Expression of <i>TaPOR2D</i>, Affecting the Level of Chlorophyll Accumulation in Albino Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>... by Jingjing Du, Junwei Wang, Sicong Shan, Tian Mi, Yulong Song, Yu Xia, Shoucai Ma, Gaisheng Zhang, Lingjian Ma, Na Niu

“…In this study, we found that low temperatures induced albinism in XN1376B. The number of chloroplasts decreased as the phenomenon of bleaching intensified and the fence tissue and sponge tissue slowly dissolved. …”
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Initiation and Execution of Programmed Cell Death and Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants by Chanjuan Ye, Shaoyan Zheng, Dagang Jiang, Jingqin Lu, Zongna Huang, Zhenlan Liu, Hai Zhou, Chuxiong Zhuang, Jing Li

“…This review describes the mechanisms underlying plant PCD, the key functions of mitochondria and chloroplasts in PCD, and the relationship between mitochondria and chloroplasts during PCD. …”
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Chlorophyllase, a Common Plant Hydrolase Enzyme with a Long History, Is Still a Puzzle by Xueyun Hu, Imran Khan, Qingsong Jiao, Ahmad Zada, Ting Jia

“…Recently, it was discovered that <i>Arabidopsis</i> CLH1 is located in developing chloroplasts but not in mature chloroplasts, and it plays a role in protecting young leaves from long-term photodamage by catalysing Chl turnover in the photosystem II (PSII) repair cycle. …”
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Overproduction, purification and crystallization of PfTic22, a component of the import apparatus from the apicoplast of Plasmodium falciparum. by Glaser, S, Higgins, M

“…Tic22 is a component of the protein-import apparatus of the chloroplasts of plants and algae and the apicoplasts of the Apicomplexa, a large group of organisms that includes the parasites that cause malaria. …”

Dynamic regulation of endosymbiotic organelles by ubiquitination. by Ling, Q, Jarvis, P

“…Recent work has revealed that mitochondria and chloroplasts are subject to direct control by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). …”

Foliar application of NaHS alleviates Cd toxicity in soybean plants through regulation of Glutathione metabolism by Hakimeh Oloumi, Mahmood Maleki, Leila Habibipour, Safa Lotfi

“…The activity of glutathione reductase and the expression of genes to the family of glutathione synthetase including glutathione synthetase, chloroplastic-like (LOC102663288) (GS288), glutathione synthetase, chloroplastic (LOC100778473) (GS473) and homoglutathione synthetase (Gene ID: 547,989) (HGS), were observed to be upregulated under the influence of NaHS treatment. …”
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Mitochondrial genome features and systematic evolution of diospyros kaki thunb 'Taishuu' by Yunliang Yang, Chao Duan

“…There are 23 homologous genes between chloroplasts and nuclei. Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and nuclei share two homologous genes, which are trnV-GAC and trnW-CCA. …”
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De novo transcriptome assembly and gene annotation for the toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis by Chetan C. Gaonkar, Lisa Campbell

“…Dinophysis feeds on and steals the chloroplasts from the ciliate, Mesodinium rubrum, which in turn has fed on and captured the chloroplasts of its prey, the cryptophyte Teleaulax amphioxeia. …”
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U-to-C RNA editing by synthetic PPR-DYW proteins in bacteria and human culture cells by Mizuho Ichinose, Masuyo Kawabata, Yumi Akaiwa, Yasuka Shimajiri, Izumi Nakamura, Takayuki Tamai, Takahiro Nakamura, Yusuke Yagi, Bernard Gutmann

“…DYW:KP domains, designed on proteins found in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of seedless plants, are fused to a designer RNA-binding pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) domain to edit targeted uridine to cytidine in bacteria and human cells.…”
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