Activation of Immune and Antiviral Effects by <i>Euglena</i> Extracts: A Review by Yuji Isegawa

“…<i>Euglena</i> is a motile unicellular alga and eukaryotic photosynthetic microorganism. It has secondary chloroplasts and is a mixotroph able to feed by photosynthesis or phagocytosis. …”
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Synthesis of C_20–38 Fatty Acids in Plant Tissues by Anatoly Zhukov, Valery Popov

“…Polyunsaturated VLCFA in plants are formed mainly by 20:1 elongation into new monounsaturated acids, which are then imported into chloroplasts, where they are further desaturated. The formation of saturated VLCFA and their further transformation into a number of aliphatic compounds included in cuticular waxes and suberin require the coordinated activity of a large number of different enzymes.…”
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Study of Regenerated Plants Aspen from Callus by G. A. PETROVA, E. A. KALASHNIKOVA

“…In addition, the results of cytological studies of regenerated plants aspen derived from callus tissue, which resulted in the observed changes in the level of the number of chloroplasts in the guard cells of stomata. Necessity of breeding plants regenerated aspen characterized by rapid growth and their introduction in forestry production in the Republic of Tatarstan.…”
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Optimization of Greenhouse Microclimate Parameters Considering the Impact of CO2 and Light by Sokolov S.

“…As the plant mass increase depends on photosynthesis, which involves the formation of glucose in the plant chloroplasts from water and carbon dioxide under the influence of light radiation, the saturation of greenhouses with carbon dioxide has become popular in recent decades. …”
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Changes in Subcellular Localization of Host Proteins Induced by Plant Viruses by Rosalba Rodriguez-Peña, Kaoutar El Mounadi, Hernan Garcia-Ruiz

“…RNA viruses replicate their genome in compartments associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts, and mitochondria or peroxisome membranes. …”
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Characterization of signal and transit peptides based on motif composition and taxon-specific patterns by Katarzyna Sidorczuk, Paweł Mackiewicz, Filip Pietluch, Przemysław Gagat

“…They include signal peptides (SP), which target proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum, and transit peptides (TP) directing proteins to the organelles of endosymbiotic origin: chloroplasts and mitochondria. TPs were hypothesized to have evolved from antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are responsible for the host defence against microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and viruses. …”
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New insights into the Tat protein transport cycle from characterising the assembled Tat translocon by Alcock, F, Berks, BC

“…The twin-arginine protein translocation (Tat) system transports folded proteins across the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane and the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. The Tat translocation site is transiently assembled by the recruitment of multiple TatA proteins to a substrate-activated TatBC receptor complex in a process requiring the protonmotive force. …”

The quantitative basis for the redistribution of immobile bacterial lipoproteins to division septa by Connolley, L, Szczepaniak, J, Kleanthous, C, Murray, SM

“…Our model not only explains a key aspect of cell division in Gram-negative bacteria, but also presents a physical mechanism for the transport of low-mobility proteins that may be applicable to multi-membrane organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.…”

Protein profiling of Orthosiphon stamineus by Usman, Kamal

“…Among the identified proteins, Rubisco activase and Triosephosphate isomerase corresponds to the chloroplastic protein of photosynthesis/carbohydrate metabolism while Phosphoglycerate kinase and Glyceraldehyde are cytosolic enzymes of glycolysis pathway which were found to be major housekeeping proteins in a leaf tissue. …”
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Assembling the Tat protein translocase by Felicity Alcock, Phillip J Stansfeld, Hajra Basit, Johann Habersetzer, Matthew AB Baker, Tracy Palmer, Mark I Wallace, Ben C Berks

“…The twin-arginine protein translocation system (Tat) transports folded proteins across the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane and the thylakoid membranes of plant chloroplasts. The Tat transporter is assembled from multiple copies of the membrane proteins TatA, TatB, and TatC. …”
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Inventory of Fatty Acid Desaturases in the Pennate Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum by Lina-Juana Dolch, Eric Maréchal

“…FAs are synthesized up to a chain length of 18 carbons inside chloroplasts, where they can be incorporated into glycerolipids. …”
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Characteristics of the Infection of Kühn (syn. (Wallr.) Liro.) in Compatible Wheat by Zhaoyu Ren, Wei Zhang, Mengke Wang, Haifeng Gao, Huimin Shen, Chunping Wang, Taiguo Liu, Wanquan Chen, Li Gao

“…We found T. laevis could lead to the abnormal growth of wheat tissues and cells, such as leakage of chloroplasts, deformities, disordered arrangements of mesophyll cells and also thickening of the cell wall of mesophyll cells in leaf tissue. …”
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Recent functional insights into the magic role of (p)ppGpp in growth control by Haoyan Mu, Fei Han, Qian Wang, Yanling Wang, Xiongfeng Dai, Manlu Zhu

“…The guanosine tetraphosphate and pentaphosphate [(p)ppGpp], also known as “magic spot”, is a key second messenger inside bacterial cells as well as chloroplasts of plants and green algae. (p)ppGpp not only controls various stages of central dogma processes (replication, transcription, ribosome maturation and translation) and central metabolism but also regulates various physiological processes such as pathogenesis, persistence, motility and competence. …”
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Structure of Dunaliella photosystem II reveals conformational flexibility of stacked and unstacked supercomplexes by Ido Caspy, Maria Fadeeva, Yuval Mazor, Nathan Nelson

“…The conformers are also present in stacked PSII, exhibiting flexibility that may be relevant to the grana formation in chloroplasts of the green lineage. CP29, one of PSII associated light-harvesting antennae, plays a major role in distinguishing the two conformations of the supercomplex. …”
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Thylakoid protein FPB1 synergistically cooperates with PAM68 to promote CP47 biogenesis and Photosystem II assembly by Lin Zhang, Junxiang Ruan, Fudan Gao, Qiang Xin, Li-Ping Che, Lujuan Cai, Zekun Liu, Mengmeng Kong, Jean-David Rochaix, Hualing Mi, Lianwei Peng

“…Abstract In chloroplasts, insertion of proteins with multiple transmembrane domains (TMDs) into thylakoid membranes usually occurs in a co-translational manner. …”
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First whole genome assembly and annotation of a European common bean cultivar using PacBio HiFi and Iso-Seq data by Sébastien Carrère, Baptiste Mayjonade, David Lalanne, Sylvain Gaillard, Jérôme Verdier, Nicolas W.G. Chen

“…The genome consisted of 566,238,753 bp assembled in 13 molecules, including 11 chromosomes plus the mitochondrial and chloroplastic genomes. Annotation predicted 29,549 protein coding genes and 6,958 non-coding RNA. …”
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Micromorphology, Ultrastructure and Histochemistry of <i>Commelina benghalensis</i> L. Leaves and Stems by Kareshma Doolabh, Yougasphree Naidoo, Yaser Hassan Dewir, Nasser Al-Suhaibani

“…The leaf section contained chloroplasts with plastoglobuli and starch grains. Histochemical analysis revealed various pharmacologically important compounds such as phenols, alkaloids, proteins and polysaccharides. …”
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Key Components of Genetics / by Shuman, Lorena, author 648672

“…Furthermore, cells may contain more than one type of chromosome; for example, mitochondria in most eukaryotes and chloroplasts in plants have their own small chromosomes. …”
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Nucleic Acids (Biological molecules essential for life) / by Williamson, Tristen, author 648674

“…Although first discovered within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, nucleic acids are now known to be found in all life forms, including within bacteria, archaea, mitochondria, chloroplasts, viruses and viroids. All living cells and organelles contain both DNA and RNA, while viruses contain either DNA or RNA, but not usually both. …”
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Systemic and local responses to repeated HL stress-induced retrograde signaling in Arabidopsis by Matthew John Gordon, Melanie E Carmody, Veronica eAlbrecht, Barry ePogson

“…Chloroplasts of leaves under high light stress initiate signals to the nuclei of both exposed and distal leaves in order to acclimate against the potential threat of oxidative damage: a process known as high light systemic acquired acclimation (HL SAA). …”
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