Strain Sensor via Wood Anomalies in 2D Dielectric Array by Rashid G. Bikbaev, Ivan V. Timofeev, Vasiliy F. Shabanov

“…The sensor structure contains a two-dimensional periodic array of dielectric nanodisks to mimic the optical behavior of grana lamellae inside chloroplasts. To accumulate a noticeable response, we exploit the collective optical mode in grana ensemble. …”
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Molecular Insights into the Synergistic Effects of Putrescine and Ammonium on Dinoflagellates by Yanfei Wang, Kathryn J. Coyne

“…There was also transcriptomic evidence of damage to chloroplasts and impaired photosynthesis of <i>K. veneficum</i>. …”
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The effects of soil drought stress on growth characteristics, root system, and tissue anatomy of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica by Fanjun Meng, Tianze Zhang, Dachuan Yin

“…The needle cells were deformed and damaged, and chloroplasts and mitochondria were damaged, gradually disintegrated, and the number of osmiophiles increased. …”
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Recapitulation of the Function and Role of ROS Generated in Response to Heat Stress in Plants by Emily Medina, Su-Hwa Kim, Miriam Yun, Won-Gyu Choi

“…In particular, ROS, produced in response to heat stress in various plant cell compartments such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, plays a crucial role as a signaling molecule that promotes plant growth and triggers subsequent downstream reactions. …”
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Ultrastructure and histology of organogenesis induced from shoot tips of maize (Zea mays, Poaceae) by Walter Marín-Méndez, Ethel Sanchéz-Chacón, Andrés M Gatica-Arias, Pilar RamírezFonseca, Enrique Freer-Bustamante, Marta Valdez-Melara

“…In the inner cell layer, small and isodiametric cells with a prominent nucleus, small vacuoles, endoplasmatic reticulum, Golgi, mitochondrias and chloroplasts were observed. The presence of trichomes in the more active morphogenic zones could indicate an organogenic potential. …”
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Comparative study of chlorenchyma of vegetative organs in Phragmites australis and Molinia caerulea (Poaceae, Arundinoideae) by Galina K. Zvereva

“…In the vegetative organs of P. australis and M. caerulea, a fairly dense arrangement of small-sized chlorenchyma cells, especially under the epidermis, is observed, the leaves of both species are close in their density of filling with chloroplasts. At the same time, these grasses differ in the structure of the mesophyll of leaf blades and the variety of forms of assimilatory cells in the chlorenchyma of vegetative organs.…”

The Maximal C3 Self-Complementary Trinucleotide Circular Code X in Genes of Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes, Plasmids and Viruses by Christian J. Michel

“…The genes of mitochondria and chloroplasts contain a subset of the circular code X . …”
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Isolation of Mesophyll Protoplasts from Leaves of <i>Dalbergia sissoo</i> Roxb by I Mukhtar, R Bajwa, G Nasim

“…The isolated protoplasts were round and filled with chloroplasts. The size of protoplasts was 20~35 μm. The protoplast yield was 2 × 105 per g of leaf tissue. …”
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Structural analysis of substrate binding by the TatBC component of the twin-arginine protein transport system. by Tarry, M, Schäfer, E, Chen, S, Buchanan, G, Greene, N, Lea, S, Palmer, T, Saibil, H, Berks, B

“…The Tat system transports folded proteins across the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane and the thylakoid membrane of plant chloroplasts. In Escherichia coli substrate proteins initially bind to the integral membrane TatBC complex which then recruits the protein TatA to effect translocation. …”

The maize golden2 gene defines a novel class of transcriptional regulators in plants. by Rossini, L, Cribb, L, Martin, D, Langdale, J

“…However, G2 function is specifically committed to the differentiation of bundle sheath cell chloroplasts in C4 leaf blades. In this article, we report the isolation of G2-like (Glk) genes from maize and rice, providing evidence for a family of Glk genes in plants. …”

Broad-range metalloprotease profiling in plants uncovers immunity provided by defence-related metalloenzyme by Morimoto, K, Krahn, D, Kaschani, F, Hopkinson-Woolley, D, Gee, A, Buscaill, P, Mohammed, S, Sieber, SA, Cravatt, BF, Schofield, CJ, van der Hoorn, RAL

“…The probes identified several chloroplastic FtsH proteases, vacuolar aspartyl aminopeptidase DAP1, peroxisomal metalloprotease PMX16, extracellular matrix metalloproteases and many cytosolic metalloproteases. …”

All three chaperonin genes in the archaeon Haloferax volcanii are individually dispensable. by Kapatai, G, Large, A, Benesch, J, Robinson, C, Carrascosa, J, Valpuesta, J, Gowrinathan, P, Lund, P

“…The Hsp60 or chaperonin class of molecular chaperones is divided into two phylogenetic groups: group I, found in bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts, and group II, found in eukaryotic cytosol and archaea. …”

Live cell imaging shows reversible assembly of the TatA component of the twin-arginine protein transport system. by Alcock, F, Baker, M, Greene, N, Palmer, T, Wallace, M, Berks, B

“…The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) machinery transports folded proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria and the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. It has been inferred that the Tat translocation site is assembled on demand by substrate-induced association of the protein TatA. …”

Deep phylogeny, ancestral groups and the four ages of life by Cavalier-Smith, T

“…In membrane topology, there were five successive kinds of cell: (i) negibacteria, with two bounding membranes, (ii) unibacteria, with one bounding and no integral membranes, (iii) eukaryotes with endomembranes and mitochondria, (iv) plants with chloroplasts and (v) finally, chromists with plastids inside the rough endoplasmic reticulum. …”

Parameterization of the Farquhar-von Caemmerer-Berry C3 photosynthesis model for oil palm by S.S., Cheah, C.B.S., Teh

“…Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the intercellular photocompensation point (Ci*), rate of leaf day respiration in the light (Rd), the chloroplastic photocompensation point (Γ*), mesophyll conductance (gm), maximum rates of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax) and electron transport (Jmax), triose phosphate utilization (TPU) and their temperature dependencies between 25 and 40°C in oil palm. …”

The roles of novel chitooligosaccharide-peanut oligopeptide carbon dots in improving the flavor quality of Chinese cabbage by Bosi Lu, Xiaojuan Chen, Xin Ouyang, Zhiming Li, Xujian Yang, Zaid Khan, Songpo Duan, Hong Shen

“…Results indicated that COS-POP-CDs emit blue visible light that readily absorbed by chloroplasts, while also demonstrating some degree of antibacterial and antioxidant activities. …”
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Fatty Acid Methyl Esters of the Aerophytic Cave Alga <i>Coccomyxa subglobosa</i> as a Source for Biodiesel Production by Joanna Czerwik-Marcinkowska, Katarzyna Gałczyńska, Jerzy Oszczudłowski, Andrzej Massalski, Jacek Semaniak, Michał Arabski

“…The presence of lipids and chloroplasts in <i>C. subglobosa</i> was demonstrated using GC–MS and confocal laser microscopy. …”
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Towards Initial Indications for a Thiol-Based Redox Control of Arabidopsis 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase by Daniel Wittmann, Sigri Kløve, Peng Wang, Bernhard Grimm

“…ALAD interacted with TRX f, TRX m and NTRC in chloroplasts. Consequently, less ALAD protein accumulated in the <i>trx f1</i>, <i>ntrc</i> and <i>trx f1/ntrc</i> mutants compared to wild-type control resulting in decreased ALAD activity. …”
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<i>Oogamochlamys kurilensis</i> sp. nov. (Chlorophyta, Volvocales) from the Soils of Iturup Island (Sakhalin Region, Russia) by Vyacheslav Yu. Nikulin, Arthur Yu. Nikulin, Andrey A. Gontcharov, Veronika B. Bagmet, Shamil R. Abdullin

“…The strain was similar to members of the genus <i>Oogamochlamys</i> (parietal and massive cup-shaped chloroplasts; two apical contractile vacuoles), but was, however, distinguished from them based on the size and shape of the mature vegetative cells, the flagellar length, the presence of only one pyrenoid in both the mature vegetative cells and the zoospores, the anterior nucleus position, and the spermatozoids’ shape. …”
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Inhibitors of ATP Synthase as New Antibacterial Candidates by Rawan Mackieh, Nadia Al-Bakkar, Milena Kfoury, Rabih Roufayel, Jean-Marc Sabatier, Ziad Fajloun

“…It is found in the inner, thylakoid and plasma membranes of mitochondria, chloroplasts and bacteria, respectively. Bacterial ATP synthases have been the subject of multiple studies for decades, since they can be genetically manipulated. …”
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