Higher Reduced State of Fe/S-Signals, with the Suppressed Oxidation of P700, Causes PSI Inactivation in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> by Riu Furutani, Shinya Wada, Kentaro Ifuku, Shu Maekawa, Chikahiro Miyake

“…Environmental stress increases the risk of electron accumulation in photosystem I (PSI) of chloroplasts, which can cause oxygen (O₂) reduction to superoxide radicals and decreased photosynthetic ability. …”
Get full text

CLPP-Null Eukaryotes with Excess Heme Biosynthesis Show Reduced L-arginine Levels, Probably via CLPX-Mediated OAT Activation by Jana Key, Suzana Gispert, Arvind Reddy Kandi, Daniela Heinz, Andrea Hamann, Heinz D. Osiewacz, David Meierhofer, Georg Auburger

“…The serine peptidase CLPP is conserved among bacteria, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In humans and mice, its loss causes Perrault syndrome, which presents with growth deficits, infertility, deafness, and ataxia. …”
Get full text

Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 3(DGAT3) Is Responsible for the Biosynthesis of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Vegetative Organs of <i>Paeonia rockii</i> by Longyan Han, Yuhui Zhai, Yumeng Wang, Xiangrui Shi, Yanfeng Xu, Shuguang Gao, Man Zhang, Jianrang Luo, Qingyu Zhang

“…We identified a <i>DGAT3</i> gene which encodes a soluble protein that is located within the chloroplasts of <i>P. rockii</i>. Functional complementarity experiments in yeast demonstrated that <i>PrDGAT3</i> restored TAG synthesis. …”
Get full text

Abiotic Stress in Rice: Visiting the Physiological Response and Its Tolerance Mechanisms by Bhaskar Sarma, Hamdy Kashtoh, Tensangmu Lama Tamang, Pranaba Nanda Bhattacharyya, Yugal Kishore Mohanta, Kwang-Hyun Baek

“…Rice’s reduced photosynthetic efficiency results from insufficient stomatal conductance and natural damage to thylakoids and chloroplasts brought on by abiotic stressor-induced chlorosis and leaf wilting. …”
Get full text

Effects of Exogenous Salicylic Acid on Drought Response and Characterization of Dehydrins in <i>Impatiens walleriana</i> by Dragana D. Antonić, Angelina R. Subotić, Milan B. Dragićević, Danijel Pantelić, Snežana M. Milošević, Ana D. Simonović, Ivana Momčilović

“…In response to drought, <i>Impatiens</i> accumulated Pro and induced chloroplastic Cu/ZnSOD and two peroxidase isoforms. The most remarkable drought response was strong induction of <i>IwDhn2.1</i> and <i>IwDhn2.2.…”
Get full text

Physiological Mechanism of Exogenous 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Improved the Tolerance of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica pekinensis L.) to Cadmium Stress by Lijing Yang, Yue Wu, Xiaomin Wang, Jian Lv, Zhongqi Tang, Linli Hu, Shilei Luo, Ruidong Wang, Basharat Ali, Jihua Yu, Jihua Yu

“…Microscopic analysis results confirmed that ALA can protect the cell structure of shoots and roots, i.e., stabilizing the morphological structure of chloroplasts in leaf mesophyll cells. The qRT-PCR results further reported that ALA downregulated the expressions of Cd absorption and transport-related genes in shoots (HMA2 and HMA4) and roots (IRT1, IRT2, Nramp1, and Nramp3), which resulted in the low Cd content in the shoots and roots of cabbage seedlings. …”
Get full text

Arabidopsis thaliana Early Foliar Proteome Response to Root Exposure to the Rhizobacterium Pseudomonas simiae WCS417 by Francesca Marzorati, Rossana Rossi, Letizia Bernardo, Pierluigi Mauri, Dario Di Silvestre, Emmanuelle Lauber, Laurent D. Noël, Irene Murgia, Piero Morandini

“…The results reveal that chloroplasts, in particular several components of the photosystems PSI and PSII, as well as members of the glutathione S-transferase family, are among the early targets of the metabolic changes induced by WCS417. …”
Get full text

The Coevolution of Plants and Microbes Underpins Sustainable Agriculture by Dongmei Lyu, Levini A. Msimbira, Mahtab Nazari, Mohammed Antar, Antoine Pagé, Ateeq Shah, Nadia Monjezi, Jonathan Zajonc, Cailun A. S. Tanney, Rachel Backer, Donald L. Smith

“…The most extreme endosymbiotic examples are the chloroplasts and mitochondria, which have become organelles and integral parts of the plant, leading to some similarity in DNA sequence between plant tissues and cyanobacteria, the prokaryotic symbiont of ancestral plants. …”
Get full text

The p23 of Citrus Tristeza Virus Interacts with Host FKBP-Type Peptidyl-Prolylcis-Trans Isomerase 17-2 and Is Involved in the Intracellular Movement of the Viral Coat Protein by Zuokun Yang, Yongle Zhang, Guoping Wang, Shaohua Wen, Yanxiang Wang, Liu Li, Feng Xiao, Ni Hong

“…Subcellular localization tests showed that the viral p23 translocated FKBP17-2 from chloroplasts to the plasmodesmata of epidermal cell<i>s</i> of <i>N. benthamiana</i> leaves. …”
Get full text

Morphoanatomical and phylogenetic characterization of the ectomycorrhiza between <em>Laccaria squarrosa</em> with <em>Pinus pseudostrobus</em> and its relevance for reforestation p... by Mariana Herrera, Fu-Qiang Yu, David Ramos-Rendón, Magdalena Martínez-Reyes, Faustino Hernández-Santiago, Caspar C.C. Chater, Jesus Perez-Moreno

“…For molecular identification, DNA was extracted, PCR was performed targeting the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (nucrDNA ITS) for the mycobiont identification and the chloroplastic single-locus trnL region for the phytobiont. …”
Get full text

Plantlet Anatomy of Silver Birch (<i>Betula pendula</i> Roth.) and Hybrid Aspen (<i>Populus tremuloides</i> Michx. × <i>Populus tremula</i> L.) Shows Intraspecific Reactions to Ill... by Mārtiņš Zeps, Toms Kondratovičs, Elva Grigžde, Āris Jansons, Pauls Zeltiņš, Ineta Samsone, Roberts Matisons

“…Furthermore, clone-specific responses to illumination were observed for number of chloroplasts and phloem width of silver birch and for leaf thickness and xylem cell wall thickness of hybrid aspen, implying different mechanisms of shade avoidance. …”
Get full text

Integrated Analysis of Morphological, Physiological, Anatomical and Molecular Responses of Cassava Seedlings to Different Light Qualities by Qin Zhou, Ruimei Li, Alisdair R. Fernie, Yannian Che, Zhongping Ding, Yuan Yao, Jiao Liu, Yajie Wang, Xinwen Hu, Jianchun Guo

“…In addition, RL leads to shorter palisade cells, denser chloroplasts and more starch granules. These phenotypic changes were inverted following BL treatment. …”
Get full text

Responses of Spring Barley to Zn- and Cd-Induced Stress: Morphometric Analysis and Cytotoxicity Assay by Saglara Mandzhieva, Victor Chaplygin, Natalia Chernikova, Aleksey Fedorenko, Marina Voloshina, Tatiana Minkina, Vishnu D. Rajput, Maria Elinson, Ming Hung Wong

“…Heavy metals change the ultrastructure of prominent energy-producing organelles in leaf cells, especially chloroplasts and mitochondria. Overall, the current findings offer insights into phytotoxicity induced by Cd and Zn individual application as well as in combination with the <i>H. vulgare</i> plant. …”
Get full text

<i>MeNINV1</i>: An Alkaline/Neutral Invertase Gene of <i>Manihot esculenta</i>, Enhanced Sucrose Catabolism and Promoted Plant Vegetative Growth in Transgenic <i>Arabidopsis</i> by Ya-Jie Wang, Xing-Hou Zhen, Yang-Jiao Zhou, Yun-Lin Wang, Jing-Yi Hou, Xin Wang, Rui-Mei Li, Jiao Liu, Xin-Wen Hu, Meng-Ting Geng, Yuan Yao, Jian-Chun Guo

“…MeNINV1 was confirmed to localize in chloroplasts. In <i>Arabidopsis</i>, <i>MeNINV1</i>-overexpressing <i>Arabidopsis</i> had higher A/N-INV activity, and the increased glucose, fructose, and starch content in the leaves promoted plant growth and delayed flowering time but did not change its resistance to abiotic stress. …”
Get full text

Phycoremediation of Copper by <i>Chlorella protothecoides</i> (UTEX 256): Proteomics of Protein Biosynthesis and Stress Response by Lidiane Maria Andrade, Caique Alves Tito, Camila Mascarenhas, Fabíola Aliaga Lima, Meriellen Dias, Cristiano José Andrade, Maria Anita Mendes, Claudio Augusto Oller Nascimento

“…Interestingly, <i>C. protothecoides</i> cultivated at 0.9 mg of Cu²⁺/L biosynthesized the protein Ycf3-interacting chloroplastic isoform X1 to respond to the photooxidative stress and the DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC5 was related to the Cu²⁺ binding. …”
Get full text

Proteomic Analysis of the Cold Stress Response of <i>Ammopiptanthus mongolicus</i> Reveals the Role of AmCHIA in Its Cold Tolerance by Xuting Li, Qi Liu, Rongqi Wu, Jie Bing, Lamei Zheng, Batu Sumbur, Yijun Zhou, Fei Gao

“…The predicted functions of DAPs were mainly associated with photosynthesis in chloroplasts, reactive oxygen species scavenging, defense, and protein synthesis, folding, and degradation. …”
Get full text

Determination of Reactive Oxygen or Nitrogen Species and Novel Volatile Organic Compounds in the Defense Responses of Tomato Plants against <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> Induced by <i>Tr... by Justyna Nawrocka, Kamil Szymczak, Aleksandra Maćkowiak, Monika Skwarek-Fadecka, Urszula Małolepsza

“…Among the new findings, histochemical analyses revealed that <i>B. cinerea</i> infection caused nitric oxide (NO) accumulation in chloroplasts, which was not detected in plants treated with TRS 106, while treatment of plants with TRS 106 caused systemic spreading of H₂O₂ and NO accumulation in apoplast and nuclei. …”
Get full text

Morfogénesis de la fase sexual del helecho Arachniodes denticulata (Dryopteridaceae) by Aniceto Mendoza, Blanca Pérez-García, Ramón Riba

“…The germination is Vittaria-type and the prothallial development Aspidium-type; the gametophytes are cordiform-spatulate to cordiform-reniform in shape, with unicellular capitate trichome in margin and surface; rhizoids without chloroplasts; gametangia are the common type in leptosporangiate homosporous ferns. …”
Get full text

Receptor for Activated C Kinase1B (RACK1B) Delays Salinity-Induced Senescence in Rice Leaves by Regulating Chlorophyll Degradation by Md Ahasanur Rahman, Hemayet Ullah

“…In addition to CCEs, stay-green (SGR) is a key component that forms the SGR-CCE complex in senescing chloroplasts, and which causes LHCII complex instability. …”
Get full text

GT Transcription Factors of <i>Rosa rugosa</i> Thunb. Involved in Salt Stress Response by Jianwen Wang, Yufei Cheng, Xinwei Shi, Liguo Feng

“…Subcellular localizations of <i>RrSIP1</i> (<i>RrGT11</i>) and <i>RrGTγ-4</i> were on chloroplasts while <i>RrGT-1</i> and <i>RrSIP2</i> (<i>RrGT14</i>) located on cell nucleus. …”
Get full text