Integrative Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis Reveals an Alternative Molecular Network of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Corresponding to Nitrogen Deficiency in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</... by Ting Liang, Zhengqing Yuan, Lu Fu, Menghan Zhu, Xiaoyun Luo, Wuwu Xu, Huanran Yuan, Renshan Zhu, Zhongli Hu, Xianting Wu

“…Among all DAPs in the proteome, glutamine synthetase (GS2), a chloroplastic ammonium assimilation protein, was the most upregulated protein identified. …”
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Study of viruses co-infecting white clover (Trifolium repens) in China by Qiao-lan LIANG, Lie-xin WEI, Bing-liang XU, A. Calderón-Urrea, Dong XIANG

“…We observed larger starch particles and fewer or collapsed chloroplast grana in co-infected plants; in addition, vacuoles were twisted and smaller, compared to those of healthy plants. …”
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A mutant allele of ζ-carotene isomerase (Z-ISO) is associated with the yellow pigmentation of the “Pinalate” sweet orange mutant and reveals new insights into its role in fruit car... by María J. Rodrigo, Joanna Lado, Enriqueta Alós, Berta Alquézar, Orly Dery, Joseph Hirschberg, Lorenzo Zacarías

“…This causes a bottleneck in the carotenoid pathway with an unbalanced content of carotenes upstream to β,β-xanthophylls in fruit tissues. In chloroplastic tissues, the effects of Z-ISO alteration are mainly manifested as a reduction in total carotenoid content. …”
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The Shared Proteome of the Apomictic Fern <i>Dryopteris affinis</i> ssp. <i>affinis</i> and Its Sexual Relative <i>Dryopteris oreades</i> by Sara Ojosnegros, José Manuel Alvarez, Jonas Grossmann, Valeria Gagliardini, Luis G. Quintanilla, Ueli Grossniklaus, Helena Fernández

“…Most proteins are predicted to localize to the cytoplasm, the chloroplast, or the nucleus, and are linked to enzymatic, binding, and structural activities. …”
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Assessment of the Geographic Origin of Romanian Common Bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.) Landraces Using Molecular Markers and Morphological Traits by Paula-Maria Galan, Livia-Ioana Leti, Silvia Strajeru, Denisa-Elena Petrescu, Mirela-Mihaela Cimpeanu, Alina-Carmen Tanasa, Dan-Marius Sandru, Dragos-Lucian Gorgan

“…Also, the <i>PvRPS4</i> gene from the chloroplast genome showed one SNP within its coding region, different for those two gene pools, which is directly involved in a nonsynonymous substitution. …”
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Development of molecular markers for the conservation of phalaenopsis gigantea, paphiopedilum rothschildianum and other endangered endemic orchids of Sabah, Malaysia by Kenneth Francis Rodrigues

“…Concurrently, nineteen individuals representing the extant population of P. gigantea were collected from the Tawau Hills Park, DNA was extracted and authenticated using the chloroplast DNA tmL-tmF intergenic region. One individual each from P. …”
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Abstracts

“…Overall, three different chloroplast (cp) haplotypes were scored. Distribution of the cpDNA haplotypes revealed a geographical structure of the genetic differentiation with Gst=%68.7 and Nst=%70.3.   …”
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Concurrent Overexpression of OsGS1;1 and OsGS2 Genes in Transgenic Rice (Oryza sativa L.): Impact on Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses by Donald James, Bhabesh Borphukan, Dhirendra Fartyal, Dhirendra Fartyal, Babu Ram, Babu Ram, Jitender Singh, Jitender Singh, Mrinalini Manna, Vijay Sheri, Varakumar Panditi, Renu Yadav, V. Mohan M. Achary, Mallireddy K. Reddy

“…In this study, we investigated the effect of concurrent overexpression of the rice cytosolic GS1 (OsGS1;1) and chloroplastic GS2 (OsGS2) genes in transgenic rice on its tolerance to abiotic stresses and the herbicide Glufosinate. …”
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Microscopic and Transcriptomic Comparison of Powdery Mildew Resistance in the Progenies of <i>Brassica carinata</i> × <i>B. napus</i> by Mingzheng Zhang, Qiong Gong, Xing Su, Yaohua Cheng, Haoxue Wu, Zhen Huang, Aixia Xu, Jungang Dong, Chengyu Yu

“…A set of genes related to wax biosynthesis (<i>KCS6</i>, <i>LACS2</i>, <i>CER</i> and <i>MAH1</i>), cell wall modification (<i>PMR5</i>, <i>PMEI9</i>, <i>RWA2</i>, <i>PDCB1</i> and <i>C/VIF2</i>), chloroplast function (<i>Chlorophyllase-1</i>, <i>OEP161</i>, <i>PSBO1</i>, <i>CP29B</i> and <i>CSP41b</i>), receptor kinase activity (<i>ERECTA</i>, <i>BAK1</i>, <i>BAM2</i>, <i>LY</i><i>M1</i>, <i>LYM3</i>, <i>RLK902</i>, <i>RLP11</i>, <i>ERL1</i> and <i>ERL2</i>), <i>IPCS2</i>, <i>GF14 lambda</i>, <i>RPS4</i> and <i>RPS6</i> were highly expressed in the R plants. …”
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Long-term effects of restoration on the links between above-and belowground biodiversity in degraded Horqin sandy grassland, Northern China by Wenda Huang, Wenda Huang, Yuanzheng He, Yuanzheng He, Huaihai Wang, Huaihai Wang, Xin Zhao, Yuanzhong Zhu, Yuanzhong Zhu

“…Genetic diversity indices of dominant plant species in chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), were remarkable greater than nuclear DNA (nrDNA) in each recovering sandy grassland plots (amplitude of difference was 44.8%–70.5% in allelic richness (AR), 81.9%–128.1% in expected heterozygosity (HE)). …”
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Genotypic Variation in Agronomic Traits and Molecular Markers among Chinese Luobuma (<i>Apocynum</i> spp.) Germplasm Accessions by Yufeng Zhao, Runqiu Feng, Tao Li, Jahufer Mohamed Zain Zulfiqhar, Li Wang, Jiyu Zhang

“…Analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) based on the nuclear DNA sequences and chloroplast DNA sequences showed that most of the variation occurred within species. …”
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Pyruvate Homeostasis as a Determinant of Parasite Growth and Metabolic Plasticity in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> by Ningbo Xia, Shu Ye, Xiaohan Liang, Pu Chen, Yanqin Zhou, Rui Fang, Junlong Zhao, Nishith Gupta, Shuzhen Yang, Jing Yuan, Bang Shen

“…Toxoplasma expresses two PYKs: PYK1 in the cytosol and PYK2 in the apicoplast (a chloroplast relict). Genetic deletion of PYK2 did not noticeably affect parasite growth and virulence, which contrasts with the current model of carbon metabolism in the apicoplast. …”
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Higher Atmospheric CO2 Levels Favor C3 Plants Over C4 Plants in Utilizing Ammonium as a Nitrogen Source by Feng Wang, Feng Wang, Feng Wang, Jingwen Gao, Jingwen Gao, Jean W. H. Yong, Jean W. H. Yong, Qiang Wang, Junwei Ma, Xinhua He, Xinhua He

“…However, the intercellular (Ci) and chloroplast (Cc) CO2 concentration increased with increasing atmospheric CO2 in C3 wheat but not in C4 maize, leading to a higher Je(PCR)/ Je(PCO) ratio. …”
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Comparative Genomics, Phylogenetics, Biogeography, and Effects of Climate Change on <i>Toddalia asiatica</i> (L.) Lam. (Rutaceae) from Africa and Asia by Elizabeth Syowai Mutinda, Elijah Mbandi Mkala, Xiang Dong, Jia-Xin Yang, Emmanuel Nyongesa Waswa, Consolata Nanjala, Wyclif Ochieng Odago, Guang-Wan Hu, Qing-Feng Wang

“…The IR/SC boundary structures were the same in all chloroplast genomes. A comparison of pairwise sequences indicated that the three regions (<i>trnH-psbA</i>, <i>rpoB</i>, and <i>ycf1</i>) were more divergent and can be useful in developing effective genetic markers. …”
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Impacts of Nitrogen Deficiency on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Grain During the Medium Filling Stage: Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Comparisons by Yanjie Wang, Demei Wang, Zhiqiang Tao, Yushuang Yang, Zhenxian Gao, Guangcai Zhao, Xuhong Chang

“…Under N-deficiency, 51 down-regulated DEGs were involved in the process of impeding chlorophyll synthesis, chloroplast development, light harvesting, and electron transfer functions of photosystem, which resulted in the SPAD and Pn value decreased by 32 and 15.2% compared with N-sufficiency, inhibited photosynthesis. …”
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Selenate and selenite transporters in proso millet: Genome extensive detection and expression studies under salt stress and selenium by Naveed Ul Mushtaq, Khalid M. Alghamdi, Seerat Saleem, Faamiya Shajar, Inayatullah Tahir, Ahmad Bahieldin, Reiaz Ul Rehman, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Khalid Rehman Hakeem

“…The sub-cellular locations revealed that all the selenite transporters are located in plasma membrane whereas among selenate transporters RLM65282.1 and RLM74477.1 are located in mitochondria and RLN42222.1 and RLN18407.1 in chloroplast. The transcriptomic studies revealed that NaCl stress decreased the expression of both selenate and selenite transporters in proso millet and the applications of exogenous 1µM Se (Na2SeO3) increased the expression of these Se transporter genes. …”
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RNA-seq analysis and transcriptome assembly of Salicornia neei reveals a powerful system for ammonium detoxification by Mónica Díaz-Silva, Jonathan Maldonado, Pamela Veloso, Nicol Delgado, Herman Silva, José A. Gallardo

“…In addition, a set of 72 genes was directly involved in ammonium metabolism, including glutamine synthetase 1, glutamate synthase 1, and ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase chloroplastic. Conclusions: Our results support the hypothesis that an ammonium detoxification system mediated by glutamine and glutamate synthase was activated in S. neei when exposed to ammonium and saline water. …”
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Defining a diverse core collection of the Colombian Central Collection of potatoes: a tool to advance research and breeding by Norma Constanza Manrique-Carpintero, Jhon A. Berdugo-Cely, Jhon A. Berdugo-Cely, Ivania Cerón-Souza, Zahara Lasso-Paredes, Paula H. Reyes-Herrera, Roxana Yockteng, Roxana Yockteng

“…This study also lays the foundations for continued CCC curation by evaluating duplicity and admixing between accessions, completing the digitalization of data, and ploidy determination using chloroplast count. …”
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Candidate Gene Analysis Reveals That the Fruit Color Locus C1 Corresponds to PRR2 in Pepper (Capsicum frutescens) by Hyo-Bong Jeong, So-Jeong Jang, Min-Young Kang, Suna Kim, Jin-Kyung Kwon, Byoung-Cheorl Kang, Byoung-Cheorl Kang

“…Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of AC08-201 fruit pericarp also showed less developed granum structure in chloroplast and smaller plastoglobule in chromoplast compared to those of AC08-045. …”
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Endophytic <italic toggle="yes">Streptomyces hygroscopicus</italic> OsiSh-2-Mediated Balancing between Growth and Disease Resistance in Host Rice by Yan Gao, Qing Ning, Yuanzhu Yang, Ying Liu, Shuqi Niu, Xiaochun Hu, Huairong Pan, Zhigang Bu, Ning Chen, Jinyou Guo, Jinlan Yu, Lidan Cao, Peng Qin, Junjie Xing, Bin Liu, Xuanming Liu, Yonghua Zhu

“…Meanwhile, OsiSh-2 improved the chloroplast development and optimally maintained the expression of proteins related to plant growth under pathogen stress, thus promoting the crop yield. …”
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