Caught in a no-win situation: discussions about CCSVI between persons with multiple sclerosis and their neurologists – a qualitative study by S. Michelle Driedger, Ryan Maier, Ruth Ann Marrie, Melissa Brouwers

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Cerebral Outflow Discrepancies in Recurrent Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: Focus on Ultrasonographic Examination by Andrea Ciorba, Mirko Tessari, Erennio Natale, Fabio Buzzi, Giulia Baldazzi, Alessio Cosacco, Andrea Migliorelli, Virginia Corazzi, Chiara Bianchini, Francesco Stomeo, Stefano Pelucchi, Paolo Zamboni

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Cerebral venous outflow and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics by Clive B. Beggs

Subjects: “…cerebral venous drainage, cerebrospinal fluid, chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency, intracranial pressure, normal pressure hydrocephalus, multiple sclerosis.…”
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Biomechanical changes of the common carotid artery and internal jugular vein in patients with multiple sclerosis by Kimiya Rastegari, Manijhe Mokhtari-Dizaji, Mohammad Hossein Harirchian, Hassan Hashemi, Niloofar Ayoobi Yazdi, Hazhir Saberi

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Jugular valve function and petrosal sinuses pressure: a computational model applied to sudden sensorineural hearing loss by Mirko Tessari, Andrea Ciorba, Lucas Omar Mueller, Qinghui Zhang, Mariapaola Cristini, Erica Menegatti, Manuela Mazzoli, Stefano Pelucchi, Eleuterio Francisco Toro

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Experience of using vasoactive therapy in patients with stage I-II venous discirculatory encephalopathy by G. N. Bel’skaya, S. B. Stepanova, I. G. Lukashevich, E. I. Luzanova

“…Interest in this issue is due to the fact that cerebrospinal venous insufficiency plays a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and vascular diseases of the brain, leading to the development of cognitive impairment, the formation of secondary headaches, and reducing the quality of life of patients.The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the drug Vazobral® in patients with stage I-II discirculatory encephalopathy due to venous discirculation in the presence of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency.Material and methods: 102 outpatients (average age 63.5 ± 3.74 years, 25 (25.5%) men and 77 (74.5%) women) suffering from chronic cerebral ischemia and having signs of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency . …”
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The internet racing ahead of the scientific evidence: the case of "liberation treatment" for multiple sclerosis by Yára Dadalti Fragoso

“…The condition was named chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI). Other papers have not confirmed these findings and, therefore, the matter remains controversial. …”
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The fluctuating natural course of CCSVI in MS patients and controls, a prospective follow-up. by Petronella J Van den Berg, Leo H Visser

“…OBJECTIVES: A new treatable venous disorder, chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), has been proposed in patients with multiple sclerosis. …”
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"People power" or "pester power"? YouTube as a forum for the generation of evidence and patient advocacy. by Mazanderani, F, O'Neill, B, Powell, J

“…OBJECTIVE: Venoplasty has been proposed, alongside the theory of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), as a treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). …”

"People power" or "pester power"? YouTube as a forum for the generation of evidence and patient advocacy by Mazanderani, F, O'Neill, B, Powell, J

“…Objective: Venoplasty has been proposed, alongside the theory of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), as a treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). …”

“Media, politics and science policy: MS and evidence from the CCSVI Trenches” by Pullman Daryl, Zarzeczny Amy, Picard André

“…Paolo Zamboni proposed chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) as a possible cause of multiple sclerosis (MS). …”
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Ligation of the jugular veins does not result in brain inflammation or demyelination in mice. by Wendy Atkinson, Reza Forghani, Gregory R Wojtkiewicz, Benjamin Pulli, Yoshiko Iwamoto, Takuya Ueno, Peter Waterman, Jessica Truelove, Rahmi Oklu, John W Chen

“…An alternative hypothesis has been proposed implicating chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) as a potential cause of multiple sclerosis (MS). …”
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Intra- and Extracranial MR Venography: Technical Notes, Clinical Application, and Imaging Development by M. Paoletti, G. Germani, R. De Icco, C. Asteggiano, P. Zamboni, S. Bastianello

“…Scientific debate over chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has drawn attention to venous system involvement in a series of pathologic brain conditions. …”
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Dexmedetomidine for monitored anesthesia care in patients undergoing liberation procedure for multiple sclerosis: An observational study by Saurabh Anand, Anshul Bhatia, Rajkumar, Harsh Sapra, Vipul Gupta, Yatin Mehta

“…Background: It has been postulated that Multiple sclerosis (MS) stems from a narrowing in the veins that drain blood from the brain, known medically as chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency, or CCSVI. It has been proposed that balloon angioplasty should alleviate the symptoms of MS. …”
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Ultrasonographic evaluation of cerebral arterial and venous haemodynamics in multiple sclerosis: a case-control study. by Pasquale Marchione, Manuela Morreale, Patrizia Giacomini, Chiara Izzo, Simona Pontecorvo, Marta Altieri, Silvia Bernardi, Marco Frontoni, Ada Francia

“…OBJECTIVE: Although recent studies excluded an association between Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency and Multiple Sclerosis (MS), controversial results account for some cerebrovascular haemodynamic impairment suggesting a dysfunction of cerebral autoregulation mechanisms. …”
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Abnormal jugular valves are not the sole explanation of an impaired outflow from the cranial cavity through the internal jugular veins: results of <I>in silico</I> studies by Marian Simka, Syed Atif Iqrar, Anas Rashid, Aiman Rashid, Marta Nowak

“…Currently, pathological jugular valves are thought to be the main cause of altered hemodynamics in the internal jugular veins, the so-called chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency. The alternative interpretation of flow disturbances in these veins is that the main source of abnormal outflow are nozzle-like strictures in their upper parts, at the level or just below the jugular foramen, for example, caused by an enlarged transverse process of the atlas and/or styloid process of the temporal bone.1 These in silico studies were aimed at validation of this hypothesis. …”
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No association between variations in extracranial venous anatomy and clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis patients over 5 years by Sirin Gandhi, Karen Marr, Marcello Mancini, Maria Grazia Caprio, Dejan Jakimovski, Avinash Chandra, Jesper Hagemeier, David Hojnacki, Channa Kolb, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, Robert Zivadinov

“…Objective This prospective 5-year follow-up study assessed the relationship of variations in extracranial venous anatomy, indicative of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) on Doppler sonography, according to the International Society for Neurovascular Disease (ISNVD) proposed consensus criteria, with clinical outcomes and disease progression in MS patients. …”
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