Preference test of sound among multiple alternatives in rats. by Ryo Soga, Tomoyo Isoguchi Shiramatsu, Hirokazu Takahashi

“…Further, rats exhibited a change in preference after an classical conditioning of the 20-kHz tone with a rewarding microstimulation of the dopaminergic system. …”
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Neural Substrates of Incidental Associations and Mediated Learning: The Role of Cannabinoid Receptors by Christina Ioannidou, Christina Ioannidou, Arnau Busquets-Garcia, Guillaume Ferreira, Guillaume Ferreira, Giovanni Marsicano, Giovanni Marsicano

“…The ability to form associations between different stimuli in the environment to guide adaptive behavior is a central element of learning processes, from perceptual learning in humans to Pavlovian conditioning in animals. Like so, classical conditioning paradigms that test direct associations between low salience sensory stimuli and high salience motivational reinforcers are extremely informative. …”
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Avoiding negative outcomes: tracking the mechanisms of avoidance learning in humans during fear conditioning by Mauricio R Delgado, Rita L Jou, Joe LeDoux, Liz Phelps, Liz Phelps

“…Specifically, we used a classical conditioning paradigm where three different conditioned stimuli (CS) were presented. …”
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Parallel olfactory processing in the honey bee brain: odor learning and generalization under selective lesion of a projection neuron tract by Julie eCarcaud, Julie eCarcaud, Martin eGiurfa, Jean-Christophe eSandoz

“…To unravel the functional role of these two pathways, we combined specific lesions of the m-ALT tract with behavioral experiments, using the classical conditioning of the proboscis extension response (PER conditioning). …”
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Disruption of bradycardia associated with discriminative conditioning in combat veterans with PTSD by Jay P Ginsberg, Edwin Ayers, Louisa Burriss, Donald A Powell

“…Results are interpreted with respect to a behavioral stages model of conditioned bradycardia and in terms of neural substrates which are both critical to HR conditioning and known to be abnormal in PTSD.Keywords: bradycardia, PTSD, combat veterans, classical conditioning…”
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Persistent attenuation and enhancement of the earthworm main muscle contraction generator response induced by repeated stimulation of a peripheral neuron by Y.C. Chang, E.C.L. Caffaro, Z. Assmé, A.B. Bartoszeck

“…No UR was evoked by the SCS when the US was turned off after 4 min of classical conditioning.…”
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Synaptic plasticity in medial vestibular nucleus neurons: comparison with computational requirements of VOR adaptation. by John R W Menzies, John Porrill, Mayank Dutia, Paul Dean

“…Furthermore, the iSTDP rule also successfully predicted the effects of a complex protocol using EPSP trains designed to mimic classical conditioning. CONCLUSIONS: These results, in strong support of theoretical predictions, suggest that the cerebellum alters the strength of vestibular synapses on MVN neurons through hetero-synaptic, anti-Hebbian iSTDP. …”
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Do personality traits predict individual differences in excitatory and inhibitory learning? by Zhimin eHe, Helen Joan Cassaday, Charlotte eBonardi, Peter eBibby

“…Conditioned inhibition (CI) is demonstrated in classical conditioning when a stimulus is used to signal the omission of an otherwise expected outcome. …”
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Quantifying the Acoustic Startle Response in Mice Using Standard Digital Video by Madeline M. Pantoni, Gerald M. Herrera, Gerald M. Herrera, Kaitlin R. Van Alstyne, Stephan G. Anagnostaras, Stephan G. Anagnostaras

“…The rodent acoustic startle response is commonly used to study fundamental properties of the central nervous system, including habituation, sensitization, classical conditioning, fear and anxiety, sensorimotor gating, and drug effects. …”
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AA/12-lipoxygenase signaling contributes to inhibitory learning in <i>Hermissenda</i> Type B photoreceptors by Tony L Walker, Joanna J Campodonico, Joel S Cavallo, Joel S Cavallo, Joseph Farley, Joseph Farley

“…Type B photoreceptors are a major site of plasticity for classical conditioning in Hermissenda. Because arachidonic acid (AA) and/or its metabolites open diverse K+ channels in many cell types, we examined the potential contribution of AA to CI. …”
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Operant Conditioning in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.): The Cap Pushing Response. by Charles I Abramson, Christopher W Dinges, Harrington Wells

“…The goodness of fit and lack of fit of these data to the Rescorla-Wagner learning-curve model, widely used in classical conditioning studies, was tested. The model fit well to both control and explicit-shaping results, but only for a limited number of trials. …”
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Electrophysiological correlates of associative learning in smokers: a higher-order conditioning experiment by Littel Marianne, Franken Ingmar HA

“…<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Classical conditioning has been suggested to play an important role in the development, maintenance, and relapse of tobacco smoking. …”
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High frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus leads to presynaptic GABA(B)-dependent depression of subthalamo-nigral afferents. by Anton Dvorzhak, Christoph Gertler, Daniel Harnack, Rosemarie Grantyn

“…These observations suggest that HFS-STN not only alters action potential conduction on the way towards the SNr but also modifies synaptic transmission within the SNr. A classical conditioning-test paradigm was then designed to better separate the causes from the indicators of synaptic depression. …”
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Temporal structure of brain oscillations predicts learned nocebo responses to pain by Mia A. Thomaidou, Joseph S. Blythe, Simon J. Houtman, Dieuwke S. Veldhuijzen, Antoinette I. M. van Laarhoven, Andrea W. M. Evers

“…In this study, nocebo hyperalgesia was induced in 36 healthy participants through classical conditioning and negative suggestions. Electroencephalography was recorded during rest (pre- and post-acquisition) and during pain stimulation (baseline, acquisition, evocation) First, participants received baseline high thermal pain stimulations. …”
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Beyond expectation: a case for nonpersonal contextual factors in a more comprehensive approach to the placebo effect and the contribution of environmental psychology by Sütterlin S, Egner LE, Lugo RG, Wojniusz S

“…While the majority of research focuses on improving the patients&#39; expectations, classical conditioning effects of nonsocial contextual factors have been largely neglected in discussions on practical implementation of placebo-enhancing environments. …”
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Adaptive robotic control driven by a versatile spiking cerebellar network. by Claudia Casellato, Alberto Antonietti, Jesus A Garrido, Richard R Carrillo, Niceto R Luque, Eduardo Ros, Alessandra Pedrocchi, Egidio D'Angelo

“…Adaptive motor control protocols with acquisition and extinction phases have been designed and tested, including an associative Pavlovian task (Eye blinking classical conditioning), a vestibulo-ocular task and a perturbed arm reaching task operating in closed-loop. …”
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Blockade of Stimulus Convergence in Amygdala Neurons Disrupts Taste Associative Learning by Hashikawa, K., Naka, Masamitsu, Nakayama, D., Matsumoto, N., Matsuki, N., Neve, Rachael L.

“…In animal models of classical conditioning, a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) predicts an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US). …”
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Behavioural evidence for colour vision determined by conditioning in the purple mud crab Scylla tranquebarica by Gunzo Kawamura, Teodora Uy Bagarinao, Hue, Sin Cheah, Hiroaki Saito, Annita Seok Kian Yong, Leong-Seng Lim

“…Adult crabs (8-10 cm carapace width) were subjected to classical conditioning to associate a food reward with a blue or a green stimulus placed among seven shades of grey. …”
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Rational inattention and tonic dopamine. by John G Mikhael, Lucy Lai, Samuel J Gershman

“…Furthermore, changes in tonic DA exert distinct effects depending on when they occur (e.g., during learning vs. performance) and what task the subject is performing (e.g., operant vs. classical conditioning). Two influential theories of tonic DA-the average reward theory and the Bayesian theory in which DA controls precision-have each been successful at explaining a subset of empirical findings. …”
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Inference of Human Affective States from Psychophysiological Measurements Extracted under Ecologically Valid Conditions by Alberto eBetella, Riccardo eZucca, Ryszard eCetnarski, Alberto eGreco, Antonio eLanatà, Antonio eLanatà, Daniele eMazzei, Alessandro eTognetti, Alessandro eTognetti, Xerxes D Arsiwalla, Pedro eOmedas, Danilo eDe Rossi, Danilo eDe Rossi, Paul F.M.J. Verschure, Paul F.M.J. Verschure

“…In the second study, we designed an experiment that follows the classical conditioning paradigm, a well-known procedure in the behavioral sciences, with the additional feature that participants were free to move in the physical space, as opposed to similar studies measuring physiological signals in constrained laboratory settings. …”
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