First insight into the viral community of the cnidarian model metaorganism Aiptasia using RNA-Seq data by Jan D. Brüwer, Christian R. Voolstra

“…Current research posits that all multicellular organisms live in symbioses with associated microorganisms and form so-called metaorganisms or holobionts. Cnidarian metaorganisms are of specific interest given that stony corals provide the foundation of the globally threatened coral reef ecosystems. …”
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The cnidarian parasite Ceratonova shasta utilizes inherited and recruited venom-like compounds during infection by Benjamin Americus, Nicole Hams, Anna M. L. Klompen, Gema Alama-Bermejo, Tamar Lotan, Jerri L. Bartholomew, Stephen D. Atkinson

“…Background Cnidarians are the most ancient venomous organisms. …”
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Increased incompatibility of heterologous algal symbionts under thermal stress in the cnidarian-dinoflagellate model Aiptasia by Maha J. Cziesielski, Yi Jin Liew, Guoxin Cui, Manuel Aranda

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Transcriptome analysis of a cnidarian – dinoflagellate mutualism reveals complex modulation of host gene expression by Phillips Wendy S, Rodriguez-Lanetty Mauricio, Weis Virginia M

“…<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cnidarian – dinoflagellate intracellular symbioses are one of the most important mutualisms in the marine environment. …”
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Evolutionary Analysis of Cystatins of Early-Emerging Metazoans Reveals a Novel Subtype in Parasitic Cnidarians by Pavla Bartošová-Sojková, Jiří Kyslík, Gema Alama-Bermejo, Ashlie Hartigan, Stephen D. Atkinson, Jerri L. Bartholomew, Amparo Picard-Sánchez, Oswaldo Palenzuela, Marc Nicolas Faber, Jason W. Holland, Astrid S. Holzer

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Adaptations to endosymbiosis in a cnidarian-dinoflagellate association: differential gene expression and specific gene duplications. by Philippe Ganot, Aurélie Moya, Virginie Magnone, Denis Allemand, Paola Furla, Cécile Sabourault

“…Several genetic pathways were investigated in more detail: i) a key vitamin K-dependant process involved in the dinoflagellate-cnidarian recognition; ii) two cnidarian tissue-specific carbonic anhydrases involved in the carbon transfer from the environment to the intracellular symbionts; iii) host collagen synthesis, mostly supported by the symbiotic tissue. …”
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Induction of apoptosis by double-stranded RNA was present in the last common ancestor of cnidarian and bilaterian animals. by Itamar Kozlovski, Adrian Jaimes-Becerra, Ton Sharoni, Magda Lewandowska, Ola Karmi, Yehu Moran

“…Our phylogenetic analysis of caspase family genes in N. vectensis reveals conservation of all four caspase genes involved in apoptosis in mammals and revealed a cnidarian-specific caspase gene which was strongly upregulated. …”
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The enigmatic cnidarian Martsaphyton moxi gen. et sp. nov. from the Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) of Estonia by Oive Tinn, Olev Vinn, Leho Ainsaar

“…Our results confirm a number of similarities in the morphology and chemical composition with previously described Sphenothallus Hall 1847 and Torellella Holm 1893, also interpreted as cnidarians. All three show tubiculous morphology, lamellar skeleton structure and calcium phosphatic composition. …”
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Neuromuscular development in the emerging scyphozoan model system, Cassiopea xamachana: implications for the evolution of cnidarian nervous systems by Klara Amplatz, Elisabeth Zieger, Daniel Abed-Navandi, Daniel Abed-Navandi, Anton Weissenbacher, Andreas Wanninger

“…The scyphozoan Cassiopea xamachana is an emerging cnidarian model system for studying regeneration, animal-algae symbiotic relationships, and various aspects of evolutionary biology including the early emergence of animal nervous systems. …”
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Phylogenomics provides a robust topology of the major cnidarian lineages and insights on the origins of key organismal traits by Ehsan Kayal, Bastian Bentlage, M. Sabrina Pankey, Aki H. Ohdera, Monica Medina, David C. Plachetzki, Allen G. Collins, Joseph F. Ryan

“…While recent phylogenomic studies have advanced our knowledge of the cnidarian tree of life, no analysis to date has included genome-scale data for each major cnidarian lineage. …”
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Pharmacological characterization of cnidarian extracts from the Caribbean Sea: evaluation of anti-snake venom and antitumor properties by Cláudia S. Oliveira, Cleópatra A. S. Caldeira, Rafaela Diniz-Sousa, Dolores L. Romero, Silvana Marcussi, Laura A. Moura, André L. Fuly, Cicília de Carvalho, Walter L. G. Cavalcante, Márcia Gallacci, Maeli Dal Pai, Juliana P. Zuliani, Leonardo A. Calderon, Andreimar M. Soares

Subjects: “…Caribbean sea cnidarians…”
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The bilaterian head patterning gene six3/6 controls aboral domain development in a cnidarian. by Chiara Sinigaglia, Henriette Busengdal, Lucas Leclère, Ulrich Technau, Fabian Rentzsch

“…The head of bilaterians develops at the anterior end of their primary body axis and is the site where the brain is located. Cnidarians, the sister group to bilaterians, lack brain-like structures and it is not clear whether the oral, the aboral, or none of the ends of the cnidarian primary body axis corresponds to the anterior domain of bilaterians. …”
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Developing the anemone <it>Aiptasia</it> as a tractable model for cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis: the transcriptome of aposymbiotic <it>A. pallida</it> by Lehnert Erik M, Burriesci Matthew S, Pringle John R

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Cnidarians as a Source of New Marine Bioactive Compounds—An Overview of the Last Decade and Future Steps for Bioprospecting by Joana Rocha, Luisa Peixe, Newton C.M. Gomes, Ricardo Calado

“…Although sponges are the foremost providers of marine bioactive compounds, cnidarians are also being studied with promising results. …”
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Erratum to “The influence of ecological factors on cnidarian venoms” [Toxicon: X 9–10C (2021) 100067] by E.P. O'Hara, D. Wilson, J.E. Seymour

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Bryozoan–cnidarian mutualism triggered a new strategy for greater resource exploitation as early as the Late Silurian by Mikołaj K. Zapalski, Olev Vinn, Ursula Toom, Andrej Ernst, Mark A. Wilson

“…Our analysis shows that the interaction was beneficial for both organisms—cnidarians benefited from feeding currents created by the host bryozoan, while the latter benefited from the protection from predators by cnidae, it can thus be classified as mutualism. …”
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Ubiquitous macropinocytosis in anthozoans by Philippe Ganot, Eric Tambutté, Natacha Caminiti-Segonds, Gaëlle Toullec, Denis Allemand, Sylvie Tambutté

Subjects: “…cnidarian…”
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Host–symbiont plasticity in the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana: strobilation across symbiont genera by Victoria Sharp, Allison H. Kerwin, Marta Mammone, Viridiana Avila-Magana, Kira Turnham, Aki Ohdera, Todd LaJeunesse, Mónica Medina

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Field Experiment Effect on Citrus Spider Mite <i>Panonychus citri</i> of Venom from Jellyfish <i>Nemopilema nomurai</i>: The Potential Use of Jellyfish in Agriculture by Huahua Yu, Rongfeng Li, Xueqin Wang, Yang Yue, Song Liu, Ronge Xing, Pengcheng Li

Subjects: “…cnidarian venom…”
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Planktonic cnidarian responses to contrasting thermohaline and circulation seasonal scenarios in a tropical western boundary current system by E. Giachini Tosetto, E. Giachini Tosetto, E. Giachini Tosetto, A. Bertrand, A. Bertrand, A. Bertrand, A. Bertrand, S. Neumann-Leitão, A. Costa da Silva, M. Nogueira Júnior

“…We also conclude that when the mixed-layer depth and associated nutricline are shallower, the enhanced primary productivity supports larger populations of planktonic cnidarian species through a bottom–up control.</p>…”
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