Pharmacological induction of translational readthrough of nonsense mutations in the retinoblastoma (RB1) gene. by Mireia Palomar-Siles, Viktor Yurevych, Vladimir J N Bykov, Klas G Wiman

“…A significant fraction (25.9%) of somatic RB1 mutations are nonsense substitutions leading to a premature termination codon (PTC) in the RB1 coding sequence and expression of truncated inactive Rb protein. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Metidiocerus sp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Idiocerinae) by Xiao-Chen Di, Hai-Rong Dong, Liang-Chen-Yu Shan, Li-Li Tian, Bin Zhang

“…All 13 PCGs were initiated by the ATN (ATG, ATT, ATA, and ATC) codon. All PCGs terminate with the stop codons TAA except for COX2, ND4, and ND1 ended with single T. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Trematomus loennbergii (Perciformes, Nototheniidae) by Eunkyung Choi, Tae-Eul Im, Seung Jae Lee, Euna Jo, Jinmu Kim, Sun Hee Kim, Young Min Chi, Jeong-Hoon Kim, Hyun Park

“…There were 4 types of stop codons which were TAA, TAG, AGG and T(AA) but start codon type was only one (ATG). …”
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The cytidine deaminase under-representation reporter (CDUR) as a tool to study evolution of sequences under deaminase mutational pressure by Maxwell Shapiro, Stephen Meier, Thomas MacCarthy

“…Conclusion Using various shuffling mechanisms to generate different null model distributions, we can tailor CDUR to correct for metrics such as GC-content, dinucleotide frequency, and codon bias.…”
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Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the Yunnan endemic grasshopper Longchuanacris curvifurculus (Insecta: Orthoptera: Catantopidae) by Zhou Hu, Yu-Peng Han, De-Long Guan, Ben-Yong Mao

“…All the protein-coding genes (PCGs) are initiated with typical ATN start codons and terminated by the typical TAA codons or the incomplete T(aa) codon. …”
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A novel nonsense NBEAL2 gene mutation causing severe bleeding in a patient with gray platelet syndrome by Lijuan Cao, Jian Su, Jiaming Li, Ziqiang Yu, Xia Bai, Zhaoyue Wang, Lijun Xia, Changgeng Ruan

“…In comparison with the reported patients, we conclude that homozygotes with nonsense or deletion mutation leading to a premature stop codon exhibit more serious bleeding problem than those with missense mutations.…”
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T cell receptor convergence is an indicator of antigen-specific T cell response in cancer immunotherapies by Mingyao Pan, Bo Li

“…T cell receptor (TCR) convergence describes T cells that share identical TCRs with the same amino acid sequences but have different DNA sequences due to codon degeneracy. We conducted a systematic investigation of TCR convergence using single-cell immune profiling and bulk TCRβ-sequence (TCR-seq) data obtained from both mouse and human samples and uncovered a strong link between antigen-specificity and convergence. …”
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The mitogenome of common snipe, Gallinago gallinago gallinago Linnaeus, 1758 and evolutionary implications for the family Scolopacidae by Chao Yang, Xiang Hou, Bo-Ye Liu, Hui-Sheng Gong, Hao Yuan, Xue-Juan Li, Jie Tang, Yan Wang

“…Among 13 PCGs, an unusual start codon (GTG) was identified for the COX1 gene, and incomplete stop codons (T-) were found in the COX3, ND2 and ND4 genes. …”
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Delayed Cardiac Metastasis from Renal Cell Carcinoma Caused by VHL Mutation by Christopher L. Sudduth, Anthony Castagno, Peter Maggs

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Complete mitochondrial genome of Ostrinia kasmirica (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) by Qiuyu Luo, Nan Zhou, Zhaofu Yang

“…All protein-coding genes (PCGs) initiate with ATN and terminate with TAN, except cox1 starts with CGA and cox1, cox2, nad5 terminate with an incomplete codon T. The control region of 308 bp contains three conserved features including the motif ‘TTAGA’ preceded a poly-T stretch, a microsatellite-like (TA)n element, and a poly-A stretch upstream of trnM. …”
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Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of <it>Urechis caupo</it>, a representative of the phylum Echiura by Boore Jeffrey L

“…</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p><it>Urechis caupo </it>mtDNA shares many features with those of the few studied annelids, including the common usage of ATG start codons, unusual among animal mtDNAs, as well as gene arrangements, tRNA structures, and codon usage biases.…”
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Casting CRISPR-Cas13d to fish for microprotein functions in animal development by Anthony James Treichel, Ariel Alejandro Bazzini

“…Summary: Protein coding genes were originally identified with sequence-based definitions that included a 100-codon cutoff to avoid annotating irrelevant open reading frames. …”
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Analysis of a Spontaneous Non-Motile and Avirulent Mutant Shows That FliM Is Required for Full Endoflagella Assembly in Leptospira interrogans. by Célia Fontana, Ambroise Lambert, Nadia Benaroudj, David Gasparini, Olivier Gorgette, Nathalie Cachet, Natalia Bomchil, Mathieu Picardeau

“…Whole genome sequencing allowed the identification of one nucleotide deletion in the fliM gene resulting in a premature stop codon, thereby preventing the production of flagellar motor switch protein FliM. …”
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Paraquat-associated Severe Acute Kidney Injury—Study from India by Manjusha Yadla, K. Manu, K.V. Anupama, B. Rajasekhar

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Complete mitochondrial genome of the Salangid icefish Neosalanx taihuensis (Actinopterygii: Osmeriformes: Salangidae) by Ying Wang, Hanyu Wen, Jiyuan Yao, Kaixun Sun, Wenbo Wang, Hongyan Liu, Dong Yang, Fanrong Zhang, Fei Xiong

“…The gene arrangement, nucleotide composition, and codon usage pattern of the mitochondrial genome are similar to those of other teleosts except for two long tandem repeats in the CR. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Aglais ladakensis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae) by Keke Chen, Chengcai Si, Zhongqi Pan, Jiasheng Hao

“…In addition, seven PCGs harbor the typical stop codon TAA, whereas six PCGs terminate with TA or T. …”
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Eighteen mitochondrial genomes of Syrphidae (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera) with a phylogenetic analysis of Muscomorpha. by Hu Li, Yan Yan, Juan Li

“…Most protein-coding genes (PCGs) started with a standard ATN codon and ended with TAA/G. All transfer RNAs (tRNAs) could be folded into the cloverleaf secondary structure except tRNA-Ser (AGN), which lacks a dihydrouridine arm. …”
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Congenital thrombocytopenia associated with a heterozygous variant in the MEIS1 gene encoding a transcription factor essential for megakaryopoiesis by Orna Steinberg-Shemer, Naama Orenstein, Tanya Krasnov, Sharon Noy-Lotan, Nathaly Marcoux, Orly Dgany, Joanne Yacobovich, Oded Gilad, Evelyn Shabad, Lina Basel-Salmon, Hannah Tamary

“…Whole exome sequencing revealed a de novo monoallelic splice site variant in MEIS1, NM_002398.3:exon4:c.432 + 5 G > C, leading to a premature stop codon. We propose that heterozygous mutations in MEIS1 may cause congenital thrombocytopenia.…”
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The mitochondrial genome of a parasitic wasp, Chouioia cunea Yang (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae) and phylogenetic analysis by Xue Tang, Baoqian Lyu, Hui Lu, Jihong Tang, Rui Meng, Bo Cai

“…All the 13 PCGs started with typical ATN (ATA, ATG, and ATT) and terminated with the stop codon TAA or TAG. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. cunea formed the sister group with Tamarixia radiata, which belongs to the same family.…”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Dysomma Anguillare (Anguilliformes, Synaphobranchidae) with phylogenetic consideration by Yamei Wang, Fengying Zhang, Ming Zhao, Chunyan Ma, Linzi Zhang, Lingbo Ma

“…In 13 protein-coding genes, two types of initiation codon (GTG, ATG) and five types of stop codons (AGG,TAA,TAG,TA, and T) were identified. …”
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