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2101
An analysis of structural influences on selection in RNA genes.
Published 2009“…By analogy to the different properties of codon positions based on the genetic code, we use a well-developed energy model for RNA structure to classify stem positions into structural classes and argue that they are under different selective constraints. …”
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2102
Simple detection of point mutations associated with HIV-1 drug resistance.
Published 2001“…MS--PCR is sensitive and specific for the detection of mutations in HIV-1, and can be adapted easily to test for resistance at any codon of interest.…”
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2103
Intronic L1 insertion and F268S, novel mutations in RPS6KA3 (RSK2) causing Coffin-Lowry syndrome.
Published 2003“…The first mutation consists of a de novo insertion of a 5'-truncated LINE-1 element at position -8 of intron 3, which leads to a skipping of exon 4, leading to a shift of the reading frame and a premature stop codon. The L1 fragment (2800 bp) showed a rearrangement with a small deletion, a partial inversion of the ORF 2, flanked by short direct repeats which duplicate the acceptor splice site. …”
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2104
Characterisation of a novel lyssavirus isolated from Pteropid bats in Australia.
Published 1998“…The nucleotide sequence of the prototype strain of ABLV was determined from the initiator methionine codon for the nucleocapsid protein (N protein) to the amino terminus of the polymerase gene (L protein), a distance of 5344 nucleotides. …”
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2105
Viral vectors for malaria vaccine development.
Published 2007“…Those studies have also revealed that optimization of Plasmodium genes for mammalian expression is an important aspect of vaccine design. Codon-optimization, surface-trafficking, de-glycosylation and removal of toxic domains can lead to improved immunogenicity. …”
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2106
Mutagenesis of the human IgA1 heavy chain tailpiece that prevents dimer assembly.
Published 1996“…Deletion of the entire tailpiece by stop codon introduction completely prevented dimer formation. …”
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2107
Germline mutations in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes in Korean patients with hereditary multiple exostoses.
Published 1999“…The EXT2 mutation identified in the SNU-OC15 family was a missense mutation at codon 85 of exon 2 (TGC-->CGC), resulting in an amino acid change from cysteine to arginine. …”
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2108
Effective knockdown of Drosophila long noncoding RNAs by CRISPR interference
Published 2016“…Additionally, we find that the human and Drosophila codon optimised dCas9 genes are functional and show similar transcription repressive activity. …”
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2109
Current status of pharmaceutical and genetic therapeutic approaches to treat DMD.
Published 2011“…This led to several clinical trials for gentamicin and ataluren (PTC124) allowing stop codon read-through. An alternative approach is to induce the expression of an internally deleted, partially functional dystrophin protein through exon skipping. …”
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2110
Beta 2-microglobulin gene mutations: a study of established colorectal cell lines and fresh tumors.
Published 1994“…In the related cell lines, DLD-1 and HCT-15, two similar mutations were identified, a C-->A substitution in codon 10 and a G-->T mutation in the splice sequence of intron 1. …”
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2111
The structure of a human alpha-globin pseudogene and its relationship to alpha-globin gene duplication.
Published 1980“…Comparison of this sequence with a normal human alpha-globin gene (alpha 2) reveals that psi alpha 1 contains both an initiator codon mutation and frameshift deletions which would prevent the production of an alpha-globin polypeptide. psi alpha 1 contains two intervening sequences with sizes and locations characteristic of mammalian alpha-globin genes. …”
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2112
CpG and UpA dinucleotides in both coding and non-coding regions of echovirus 7 inhibit replication initiation post-entry.
Published 2017“…Host-cells thus possess intrinsic defence pathways that prevent replication of viruses with increased CpG/UpA frequencies independently of codon usage.…”
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2113
Delaying emergence of resistance to KRAS inhibitors with adaptive therapy: “treatment-to-contain” instead of “treatment-to-cure”
Published 2022“…Specific KRAS inhibitors, such as sotorasib and adagrasib, which bind covalently to codon 12 of substituted glycine to cysteine residue of the protein (G12C), have been approved by the FDA recently for the treatment of lung cancers. …”
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2114
Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Indian pipistrelle Pipistrellus coromandra (Vespertilioninae)
Published 2016“…The mitochondrial protein-coding genes in P. coromandra use the standard start codon (ATN), two stop codons (TAA and AGA), and two incomplete stop codons (TA- and T--). …”
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2115
Synthetic BXN gene utilization in the resistance of crops to the herbicide bromoxynil - a review
Published 2012“…This review described the application of synthetic and codon-optimized bxn gene for the efficient transformation into plant resistance to Bromoxynil.…”
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2116
Reduced polymorphism of Plasmodium vivax early transcribed membrane protein (PvETRAMP) 11.2
Published 2023-07-01“…Plasmodium vivax populations from Latin America showed a marked inter-population genetic differentiation (fixation index [Fst]) in contrast to SEA/PNG populations. Codon bias measures (effective number of codons [ENC] and Codon bias index [CBI]) indicated preferential use of synonymous codons, suggesting selective pressure at the translation level. …”
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2117
Novel homozygous pathogenic mitochondrial DNAJC19 variant in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy and global developmental delay
Published 2022-08-01“…Results Whole‐exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencing revealed a homozygous frameshift variant in the reading frame starting at codon 54 in exon 4 in the DNAJC19 gene (c.159del [Phe54Leufs*5]), which results in a stop codon four positions downstream. …”
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2118
Adaptive Thermogenesis in a Mouse Model Lacking Selenoprotein Biosynthesis in Brown Adipocytes
Published 2021-01-01“…Sec is incorporated into selenoproteins via recoding of the stop codon UGA, with specific <i>cis</i> and <i>trans</i> factors required during translation to avoid UGA recognition as a stop codon, including a Sec-specific tRNA, tRNA<sup>[Ser]Sec</sup>, encoded in mice by the gene <i>Trsp</i>. …”
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2119
Complete Plastid Genome Sequencing of Eight Species from <i>Hansenia</i>, <i>Haplosphaera</i> and <i>Sinodielsia</i> (Apiaceae): Comparative Analyses and Phylogenetic Implications
Published 2020-11-01“…</i> There was no evident divergence of codon usage frequency between the three genera, where codons ranged from 21,134 to 21,254. …”
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2120
IGF2-tagging of GAA promotes full correction of murine Pompe disease at a clinically relevant dosage of lentiviral gene therapy
Published 2022-12-01“…Here, we fused insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) to a codon-optimized version of GAA (LV-IGF2.GAAco) to improve cellular uptake by the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate/IGF2 (CI-M6P/IGF2) receptor. …”
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