Mannose-binding lectin 2 gene polymorphisms and predisposition to allergic bronchial asthma in a western Romanian children population: an observational study by Simona Maria Borta, Imola Donath-Miklos, Romana Popetiu, Dragos Vasile Nica, Diana Nitusca, Adrian Crisan, Catalin Marian, Maria Puschita

“…Participants were genotyped for two MBL2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): exon 1 codon 54 A/B variant rs1800450, and -550 promoter H/L variant rs11003125 (GenBank accession). …”
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Synergistic Activation of Defense Responses in Arabidopsis by Simultaneous Loss of the GSL5 Callose Synthase and the EDR1 Protein Kinase by Anna Wawrzynska, Natalie L. Rodibaugh, Roger W. Innes

“…Positional cloning of eed3 revealed that the mutation causes a premature stop codon in GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE 5 (GSL5, also known as POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANT 4), which encodes a callose synthase required for pathogen-induced callose production. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of Turricula nelliae spurius (Gastropoda, Turridae) by Zeqin Fu, Jiantong Feng, Yahong Guo, Yingying Ye, Jiji Li, Baoying Guo, Zhenming Lv

“…In 13 protein-coding genes, three genes (nad2, nad4, atp6) start with ATA, the other 10 genes are with ATG. For the stop codon, nad3 and nad4l end with TAG, other 11 genes end with TAA. …”
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The Role of Senescent Cells in Acquired Drug Resistance and Secondary Cancer in BRAFi-Treated Melanoma by Elizabeth L. Thompson, Jiayi J. Hu, Laura J. Niedernhofer

“…<i>BRAF</i> is the most common gene mutated in malignant melanoma, and predominately it is a missense mutation of codon 600 in the kinase domain. This oncogenic <i>BRAF</i> missense mutation results in constitutive activation of the mitogen-activate protein kinase (MAPK) pro-survival pathway. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Eutrichosiphum pasaniae (Okajima, 1908) (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Greenideinae) by Cailing Li, Liyun Jiang, Xiaolu Zhang, Jing Chen, Gexia Qiao

“…All PCGs start with ATN and end with TAA except for cox1 which terminates with an incomplete stop codon T. All tRNAs have a typical clover-leaf secondary structure except for trnS (AGN). …”
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Exceptional Renal Metastasis from Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Nasal Cavity and Literature Review by Jihene Feki, Maissa Lajnef, Manel Mallouli, Kheireddine Ben mahfoudh, Tahia Boudawara, Afef Khanfir

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Complete mitochondrial genome of the spectacled parrotbill Sinosuthora conspicillata David, 1871 (Aves: Passeriformes: Sylviidae) by Guangpu Zhang, Chen Yang, Limin Chen, Guiying Chen, Jie Wang

“…The PCGs of COX1 and ND3 use GTG and ATA as their starting codon, respectively, while all other PCGs start with ATG codons. …”
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TP63 gain-of-function mutations cause premature ovarian insufficiency by inducing oocyte apoptosis by Chengzi Huang, Simin Zhao, Yajuan Yang, Ting Guo, Hanni Ke, Xin Mi, Yingying Qin, Zi-Jiang Chen, Shidou Zhao

“…We next introduced a premature stop codon and selectively deleted the TID of TAp63α in mice and observed rapid depletion of the p63+/ΔTID mouse oocytes through apoptosis after birth. …”
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Complete mitochondrial genome of Lasiommata deidamia and its phylogenetic implication to subfamily Satyrinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) by Yuxuan Sun, Chen Chen, Xuexia Geng, Jun Li

“…All PCG genes are started with the ATN codons and stop at TAA codons except cox1 which uses CGA as the initiation codon. …”
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PDGFRA K385 mutants in myxoid glioneuronal tumors promote receptor dimerization and oncogenic signaling by Laurence de Villenfagne, Ariane Sablon, Jean-Baptiste Demoulin

“…These tumors feature a unique dinucleotide change at codon 385 in the platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (encoded by the PDGFRA gene), resulting in the substitution of lysine 385 into leucine or isoleucine. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Oxyopes hupingensis (Araneae: Oxyopidae): characterization and phylogenetic analysis by Wen-Jia Yang, Kang-Kang Xu, Da-Xing Yang, Can Li

“…Ten PCGs are initiated with typical ATN start codons, three genes (cox2, cox3, and nad4) begin with TTG. …”
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Complete mitogenome of Antheraea formosana Sonan, 1937 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae): an endemic silkmoth in Taiwan by An-Ping Cheng, Chi-Chun Huang, Yu-Tzu Cheng, Yu-Wei Tseng, Chih-Chiang Wang, I-Ling Lai, Kuo-Hsiang Hung

“…All PCGs use the typical ATN as the initiation codon, with the exception of cox2, which begins with GTG, respectively. …”
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A growing threat: Investigating the high incidence of benzimidazole fungicides resistance in Iranian Botrytis cinerea isolates. by Mohamad Mobasher Amini, Soheila Mirzaei, Ahmad Heidari

“…To identify potential modifications in codon 198 of the β-tubulin gene in B. cinerea resistant isolates, the researchers employed the PCR-RFLP diagnostic method. …”
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Virtual 2D map of cyanobacterial proteomes by Tapan Kumar Mohanta, Yugal Kishore Mohanta, Satya Kumar Avula, Amilia Nongbet, Ahmed Al-Harrasi

“…Through this computational analysis, we can gain a better understanding of the bias in codon usage by analyzing the amino acid composition of the Cyanobacterial proteome.…”
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Complete mitochondrial genome of a parasitic wasp Microplitis pallidipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) by Baoqian Lyu, Rui Meng, Bo Cai, Hao Su

“…Ten PCGs used the typical stop codon ‘TAA’ and ‘TAG’, three PCGs terminated with incomplete stop codons (TA). …”
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Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of bean thrips Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall, 1913) (Thysanoptera: thripidae) by Lin Xing-Ming, Li Pan, Cai Du-Cheng, Li Jin-Hua

“…Meanwhile, eight PCGs stop with TAA, four PCGs have an incomplete stop codon, and the gene Cytb ends with TAG. Phylogenetic analysis showed that M. usitatus is closely related to Frankliniella intonsa and F. occidentalis, providing a basis for the study of the mitochondrial evolution of Thripinae.…”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Hemerobius spodipennis (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) by Yang Zhao, Jinquan Jing, Ningning Zhang, Heping Shao

“…All protein-coding genes initiate with ATN, except COI use CGA as start codons and terminate with TAG or TAA, expect ND5 and ND4 use TA– or a single T–– residue as the stop codon. …”
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Cytokine gene polymorphism and parasite susceptibility in free-living rodents: Importance of non-coding variants by Agnieszka Kloch, Ewa J. Mierzejewska, Renata Welc-Falęciak, Anna Bajer, Aleksandra Biedrzycka

“…Each SNP associated with parasite load was located in or next to a codon under selection, three codons displayed signatures of positive selection, and one of purifying selection. …”
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Mutational spectrum of <it>APC </it>and genotype-phenotype correlations in Greek FAP patients by Fountzilas George, Sandaltzopoulos Raphael, Thodi Georgia, Fostira Florentia, Yannoukakos Drakoulis

“…Mutations were scattered between exon 3 and codon 1503 of exon 15, while no large genomic rearrangements were identified.…”
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Ribosomal binding site switching: an effective strategy for high-throughput cloning constructions. by Yangbo Hu, Lipeng Feng, Yunlong Li, Yong Zhang, Pei Lu, Simon Rayner, Shiyun Chen

“…RBS is an A/G rich region upstream of the translational start codon and is essential for gene expression. Change from A/G to T/C in the RBS blocks its activity and thereby abolishes gene expression. …”
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