Antisense Peptide Technology for Diagnostic Tests and Bioengineering Research by Nikola Štambuk, Paško Konjevoda, Josip Pavan

“…This phenomenon is closely related to the structure of the standard genetic code table, and at the same time, is unrelated to the direction of its codon sequence translation. The concept of <i>complementary peptide interaction</i> is discussed, and its possible applications to diagnostic tests and bioengineering research are summarized. …”
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Chromosomal periodicity and positional networks of genes in Escherichia coli by Anthony Mathelier, Alessandra Carbone

“…Here, we find that genes with a highly biased codon composition and characterizing a functional core in Escherichia coli K12 show to be periodically distributed along the arcs, suggesting an encoded three‐dimensional genomic organization helping functional activities among which are translation and, possibly, transcription. …”
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Novel Mutations in The Coding Region of The Third Exon of Myostatin (MSTN) Gene in Madura Cattle by irida novianti, Rafika Febriani Putri, Doni Herviyanto, Ahmad Furqon, Wike Andre Septian, Kuswati Kuswati, suyadi suyadi

“…Among the identified novel mutations, one mutation in c.1301G/T caused a stop codon for the TT genotype cattle. However, no cattle carried the TT genotype. …”
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Microbial divergence and evolution. The case of anammox bacteria by Alba Cuecas, M. Julia Barrau, Juan M. Gonzalez

“…The apparent evolution of the HDH genes in these anammox bacteria is highly related to the diversification of the anammox clades and their genomes as pointed by phylogenomics, their GC content and codon usage profile. This study represents a clear case where bacterial evolution presents a paralleled genome, gene and species diversification through time from a common ancestor; a scenario that most times is masked by a web-like phylogeny and the huge complexity within the prokaryotes. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of record-breaking migrant Arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea) by Ilze Skujina, Amy Jane Elizabeth Healey, Sophie de Becquevort, Paul William Shaw, Robert McMahon, Charly Morgan, Caron Evans, Rachel Taylor, Matthew Hegarty, Niall Joseph McKeown

“…The analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) base composition, codon usage, and genome arrangement patterns can provide insight into metabolic pathways and evolutionary history. …”
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Caracterización de polimorfismos en el gen pfmdr1 en aislados clínicos de p. Falciparum en Colombia by Amanda Maestre, Jaime Carmona Fonseca, Silvia Blair Trujillo, Paula Montoya

“…La mutación Asn-86-Try en este gen, se ha relacionado con resistencia a CQ y con sensibilidad a MQ, HF y ART, mientras que la presencia del codón silvestre Asp-1246 se ha relacionado con resistencia a estos últimos antimaláricos (2).…”
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Complete mitochondrial genome of a golden orb-web spider Trichonephila clavata (Chelicerata, Arachnida) from South Korea by Eun Hwa Choi, Ui Wook Hwang

“…The phylogenetic trees using the maximum likelihood (ML) method were reconstructed with nucleotides (without 3rd codon position) and amino acids from 13 PCGs, respectively, which consistently confirmed that T. clavata (Subfamily Nephilinae) from South Korea and China are clustered together, distinctly separated from the other subfamily Araneinae in the monophyletic family Araneidae.…”
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Tissue-specific differences in human transfer RNA expression. by Kimberly A Dittmar, Jeffrey M Goodenbour, Tao Pan

“…Relative tRNA abundance exhibits a statistically significant correlation to the codon usage of a collection of highly expressed, tissue-specific genes in a subset of tissues or tRNA isoacceptors. …”
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Conjugation of proteins by installing BIO-orthogonally reactive groups at their N-termini. by Nagasundarapandian Soundrarajan, Sriram Sokalingam, Govindan Raghunathan, Nediljko Budisa, Hyun-Jong Paik, Tae Hyeon Yoo, Sun-Gu Lee

“…In the second step, the N-terminus of the engineered protein was modified in vivo with bio-orthogonally functional groups by reassigning functional methionine surrogates such as L-homopropargylglycine and L-azidohomoalanine into the first methionine codon of the engineered internal methionine-free GFP. …”
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The first complete mitochondrial genome of the hawkmoth Marumba saishiuana (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) and insights into its phylogenetic position by Yin-Feng Meng, Yang Wang, Mei Wang, Yi-Xin Huang, Xu Wang

“…Most of 13 PCGs initiate with the standard start codon of ATN, except cox1, which starts with CGA. …”
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Complete mitochondrial genome of Penaeus acehensis (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae) from Aceh province, Indonesia by Sinar Pagi Sektiana, M. Tahang, Sapto Andriyono, Jobaidul Alam, Hyun-Woo Kim

“…Incomplete stop codon (T- -) was found in five genes including COX2, COX3, NAD5, NAD4, and NAD4L. …”
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Whole exome sequencing identifies a mutation in thrombomodulin as the genetic cause of a suspected platelet disorder in a family with normal platelet function by Annabel Maclachlan, Gerry Dolan, Charlotte Grimley, Steve P. Watson, Neil V. Morgan, on behalf of the UK GAPP Study Group

“…This sequence change results in a stop codon (p.Cys537Stop) and truncation of the protein and has been previously described in two other families with bleeding events which suggests it may be a recurrent mutation. …”
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Evolution of Life on Earth: tRNA, Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases and the Genetic Code by Lei Lei, Zachary F Burton

“…The Elongation Factor-Tu GTPase anticodon-codon latch that checks the accuracy of translation appears to have evolved at about the eight amino acid to ~16 amino acid stage. …”
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Hunting for a cure: the therapeutic potential of gene therapy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy by Hashim, Hasnur Zaman, Che Abdullah, Shahrin Tarmizi, Wan Sulaiman, Wan Aliaa, Fan, Kee Hoo, Basri, Hamidon

“…This review focuses on several main strategies in gene therapy, including truncated dystrophin gene transfer via viral vectors, antisense mediated exon skipping to restore the reading frame, and read-through of translation stop codons. An exon skipping agent, eteplirsen, and a termination codon read drug, ataluren, are currently the most promising therapies. …”
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Analysis of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in juvenile polyposis. by Woodford-Richens, K, Bevan, S, Churchman, M, Dowling, B, Jones, D, Norbury, C, Hodgson, S, Desai, D, Neale, K, Phillips, R, Young, J, Leggett, B, Dunlop, M, Rozen, P, Eng, C, Markie, D, Rodriguez-Bigas, M, Sheridan, E, Iwama, T, Eccles, D, Smith, G, Kim, J, Kim, K, Sampson, JR, Evans, G

“…Five different germline mutations were detected in DPC4; three of these were deletions, one a single base substitution creating a stop codon, and one a missense change. None of these patients had distinguishing clinical features. …”

Viral vectored transmission blocking vaccines against Plasmodium falciparum by Kapulu, M, Biswas, S, Blagborough, A, Gilbert, S, Sinden, R, Hill, A

“…Materials and methods: Protein sequences for each of the antigens were codon optimised for expression in humans and cloned into shuttle vectors, which were then recombined with the parental virus and purified to obtain virus expressing the antigen of interest. …”

Culture adaptation of malaria parasites selects for convergent loss-of-function mutants by Kwiatkowski, D, Claessens, A, Affara, M, Assefa, S, Conway, D

“…Out of a total of five positively selected SNPs, four represented nonsense mutations resulting in stop codons, three of these in a single ApiAP2 transcription factor gene, and one in SRPK1. …”

Transposon insertion in a serine-specific minor tRNA coding sequence affects intraperitoneal survival of Haemophilus influenzae in the infant rat model. by Gerlach, G, Anthony, M, Deadman, M, Schoen, C, Hood, D, Reidl, J

“…Among 25 different paraquat-sensitive mutants only one mutant harbouring a Tn-insertion within the tRNA-Ser1 gene specific for the rare serine codon UCC, was highly attenuated for intraperitoneal infectivity. …”

Co-inheritance of Hb Pak Num Po, a novel alpha1 gene mutation, and alpha0 thalassemia associated with transfusion-dependent Hb H disease. by Viprakasit, V, Tanphaichitr, V, Veerakul, G, Chinchang, W, Petrarat, S, Pung-Amritt, P, Higgs, D

“…Extensive molecular analyses of the alpha globin genes and their regulatory sequence (HS-40) revealed that both patients are compound heterozygotes for alpha0 thalassemia (--(SEA)) and a novel point mutation, a thymidine insertion after codon 131 of the alpha1 gene. The resulting frameshift gives rise to a highly unstable alpha globin chain, which we refer to as "Hb Pak Num Po," containing an additional 34 amino acids. …”

Cell penetrating peptide delivery of splice directing oligonucleotides as a treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. by Betts, C, Wood, M

“…A number of potential therapies have been investigated for the treatment of this disease including utrophin upregulation, 'stop-codon read through' aminoglycosides and adeno-associated virus gene replacement as well as stem cell therapy. …”