Protein expression of Late Elongated Hypocotyl (LHY) homolog genes of teak in Escherichia coli by Basherudin, Norlia, Muhammad, Norwati, Adnan, Norwati, Haron, Mohd Rosli, Mohd Saleh, Norihan

“…Rosetta 2 host cell has been found to be a good candidate to express the Tg-LHY protein from plant origin, as it recognizes the codon that was found in plant but rarely used in bacteria. …”
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Hunting for a cure: the therapeutic potential of gene therapy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy by Hashim, Hasnur Zaman, Che Abdullah, Shahrin Tarmizi, Wan Sulaiman, Wan Aliaa, Hoo, Fan Kee, Basri, Hamidon

“…This review focuses on several main strategies in gene therapy, including truncated dystrophin gene transfer via viral vectors, antisense mediated exon skipping to restore the reading frame, and read-through of translation stop codons. An exon skipping agent, eteplirsen, and a termination codon read drug, ataluren, are currently the most promising therapies. …”
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Application Of Aequorea Victoria Green Fluorescent Protein (Gfp) For Expression In Mycobacterium bovis BCG by Najamudin, Khairul Ezani

“…In this study, a synthetic version of the wild type GFP gene sequence incorporating mycobacterial codon bias, was used to explore its potential as a marker of viability in the mycobacterial vaccine strain, M. bovis BCG. …”
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The Function, Regulation, and Mechanism of Protein Turnover in Circadian Systems in <i>Neurospora</i> and Other Species by Haoran Zhang, Zengxuan Zhou, Jinhu Guo

“…Over the course of the circadian period, circadian negative proteins undergo progressive hyperphosphorylation and eventually degrade, and their stability is finely controlled by complex post-translational pathways, including protein modifications, genetic codon preference, protein–protein interactions, chaperon-dependent conformation maintenance, degradation, etc. …”
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Advances and challenges in recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG-based HIV vaccine development: lessons learned by Athina Kilpeläinen, Milena Maya-Hoyos, Narcís Saubí, Carlos Y. Soto, Joan Joseph

“…Expert commentary: The three critical issues to be considered when developing a rBCG:HIV vaccine are codon optimization, antigen localization, and plasmid stability in vivo. …”
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Complete mitogenome of Hainan medaka Oryzias curvinotus (Teleostei: Beloniformes) and transcriptional differences between male and female liver by Zhongduo Wang, Shuisheng Long, Jian Liao, Chengqin Huang, Hairui Zhang, Shunkai Huang, Yanping Zhang, Li Liu, Yusong Guo

“…Among the PCGs, ATG is used as the initiation codon, except for GTG in COI gene. There are 7 overlapping genes with overlap lengths ranging from 1 to 10 nucleotides (nt), while ten intergenic regions with a total of 66 nt and a maximum interval of 37 nt between tRNAAsn and tRNACys. …”
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RETRACTED: Epitopes screening and vaccine molecular design of SADS-CoV based on immunoinformatics by Shinian Li, Yaping Chen

“…The constructed epitope vaccine interacts stably with TLR-3 receptors, and the immune response simulation shows good immunogenicity, which could effectively activate humoral and cellular immunity. After codon optimization, it was highly likely to be efficiently and stably expressed in the Escherichia coli K12 expression system. …”
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The Role of Stearoyl-coenzyme A Desaturase 1 in Liver Development, Function, and Pathogenesis by Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh, Vahid Hosseini, Alireza Alihemmati, Amir Mehdizadeh, Maghsod Shaaker, Gholamali Mosayyebi, Masoud Darabi

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Operon-based approach for the inference of rRNA and tRNA evolutionary histories in bacteria by Tomasz Pawliszak, Meghan Chua, Carson K. Leung, Olivier Tremblay-Savard

“…Analyzing how these genes and operons evolve can help us understand what are the most common evolutionary events affecting them and give us a better picture of ancestral codon usage and protein synthesis. Results We introduce BOPAL, a new approach for the inference of evolutionary histories of rRNA and tRNA genes in bacteria, which is based on the identification of orthologous operons. …”
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Tackling suppressive cancer microenvironment by NARF-derived immune modulatory vaccine and its validation using simulation strategies by Priyanga Paranthaman, Shanthi Veerappapillai

“…The resultant vaccine was back-translated, codon-optimised and introduced into pET-28 (+) vector.Results and discussion: We hypothesize from the results that the designed NARF protein-based vaccine in our analysis could effectively provoke the immune responses in the target organism through TLR-7 binding and promotes MHC class-II mediated antigen presentation. …”
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Overexpression of the recombinant human interferon-beta (rhIFN-β) gene in tobacco chloroplasts by Asghar Feizi, Bahram Baghbankohnehrouz

“…The present study aimed to investigate the overexpression and production of the recombinant human IFN-β gene (rhIFN-β) in the tobacco chloroplast genome. For this purpose, a codon-optimized rhIFN-β was transferred to the pVSR326 plastid vector containing the aadA gene as a selectable marker. …”
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The mitochondrial phylogeny of land plants shows support for Setaphyta under composition-heterogeneous substitution models by Filipe Sousa, Peter Civáň, João Brazão, Peter G. Foster, Cymon J. Cox

“…When among-lineage composition heterogeneity is accounted for in analyses of codon-degenerate nucleotide and amino acid data, the clade Setaphyta is recovered with high support, and hornworts are supported as the earliest-branching lineage of land plants. …”
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Complete mitochondrial genome of Morphostenophanes yunnanus (Zhou, 2020) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and phylogenetic analysis by Yu Bai, Kang Yang, Lin Ye, Xuyuan Gao

“…The protein-coding genes showed the typical ATN (Met) and TTG (Met) start codons, except nad1 and cox1 (TTG as start codon), and were terminated by typical TAN stop codons. …”
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Leptin replacement improves cognitive development. by Gilberto J Paz-Filho, Talin Babikian, Robert Asarnow, Tuncay Delibasi, Karin Esposito, Halil K Erol, Ma-Li Wong, Julio Licinio

“…However, the effects of leptin on neurocognitive development are unknown.To evaluate the effect of leptin on neurocognitive development.A 5-year-old boy with a nonconservative missense leptin gene mutation (Cys-to-Thr in codon 105) was treated with recombinant methionyl human leptin (r-metHuLeptin) at physiologic replacement doses of 0.03 mg/kg/day. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of the Tanichthys flavianalis (Cypriniformes: Tanichthyidae) and its phylogeny by Yuzhou Gong, Tiezhu Yang, Chaoqun Su, Liangjie Zhao, Fan Li

“…ATG is used as the start codon in most mitochondrial protein coding genes (PCGs) except for cox1 which uses GTG, whereas the canonical TAA/TAG are prevailing stop codons except for cox2, cox3, nad4 and cytb. …”
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GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra performance to detect uncommon rpoB mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Leen Rigouts, Jelle Keysers, Reenaers Rabab, Kristina Fissette, Armand van Deun, Bouke Catherine de Jong

“…Overall, our results corroborate previous observations on the “Indeterminate” results for mutations at codon 432, while we add Lys446Gln as additional “Indeterminate” result and Pro439Leu as a false rifampicin-susceptible result. …”
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Long-reads reveal that Rhododendron delavayi plastid genome contains extensive repeat sequences, and recombination exists among plastid genomes of photosynthetic Ericaceae by Huie Li, Qiqiang Guo, Qian Li, Lan Yang

“…It contains a large number of repeat sequences and shows preference for codon usage. The comparative analysis revealed the irregular recombination of gene sets, including rearrangement and inversion, in the large single copy region. …”
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Quantitative Shotgun Proteomic Analysis of Bacteria after Overexpression of Recombinant Spider Miniature Spidroin, MaSp1 by Kathryn Randene, J Alexander Hoang Mendoza, Michael Ysit, Craig Vierra

“…In these studies, we design and express recombinant miniature black widow MaSp1 spidroins in bacteria that incorporate the N-terminal and C-terminal domain (NTD and CTD), along with varying numbers of codon-optimized internal block repeats. Following spidroin overexpression, we perform quantitative analysis of the bacterial proteome to identify proteins associated with spidroin synthesis. …”
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Squamous cell carcinoma of ascending colon with pMMR/MSS showed a partial response to PD-1 blockade combined with chemotherapy: A case report by Yan Liu, Junliang Du, Pan Zhang, Wenjuan Meng, Haifeng Xiao

“…In this article, we report the case of a pMMR/MSS CRC patient with ascending colon SCC who had high programmed cell death–ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and the a missense mutation in codon 600 of the B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF V600E) mutation. …”
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Multi-omics characterization of the necrotrophic mycoparasite Saccharomycopsis schoenii. by Klara Junker, Anna Chailyan, Ana Hesselbart, Jochen Forster, Jürgen Wendland

“…Using proteomics, we confirmed that Saccharomycopsis yeasts have reassigned the CTG codon and translate CTG into serine instead of leucine. …”
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