Genetic diversity analysis in a mini core collection of Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) germplasm from Iran using URP and SCoT markers by Atefeh Sadat Mostafavi, Mansour Omidi, Reza Azizinezhad, Alireza Etminan, Hassanali Naghdi Badi

“…This involved the use of universal rice primers (URP) and start codon targeted (SCoT) molecular markers. Results Fourteen URP and twelve SCoT primers amplified 268 and 216 loci, with an average of 19.21 and 18.18 polymorphic fragments per primer, respectively. …”
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An ARHGEF10 deletion is highly associated with a juvenile-onset inherited polyneuropathy in Leonberger and Saint Bernard dogs. by Kari J Ekenstedt, Doreen Becker, Katie M Minor, G Diane Shelton, Edward E Patterson, Tim Bley, Anna Oevermann, Thomas Bilzer, Tosso Leeb, Cord Drögemüller, James R Mickelson

“…This eliminates the 3'-splice junction of exon 17, creates an alternate splice site immediately downstream in which the processed mRNA contains a frame shift, and generates a premature stop codon predicted to truncate approximately 50% of the protein. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Dysgonia stuposa (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) and phylogenetic relationships within Noctuoidea by Yuxuan Sun, Yeshu Zhu, Chen Chen, Qunshan Zhu, Qianqian Zhu, Yanyue Zhou, Xiaojun Zhou, Peijun Zhu, Jun Li, Haijun Zhang

“…The newly sequenced mitogenome contained some common features reported in other Erebidae species, e.g., an A+T biased nucleotide composition and a non-canonical start codon for cox1 (CGA). Like other insect mitogenomes, the D. stuposa mitogenome had a conserved sequence ‘ATACTAA’ in an intergenic spacer between trnS2 and nad1, and a motif ‘ATAGA’ followed by a 20 bp poly-T stretch in the A+T rich region. …”
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Characterization, Comparison of Four New Mitogenomes of Centrotinae (Hemiptera: Membracidae) and Phylogenetic Implications Supports New Synonymy by Ruitao Yu, Leining Feng, Christopher H. Dietrich, Xiangqun Yuan

“…All PCGs start with ATN, except for <i>nad5</i> (start with TTG), and stop with TAA or the incomplete stop codon T, except for <i>nad2</i> and <i>cytb</i> (terminate with TAG). …”
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Identification of Missense <i>ADGRV1</i> Mutation as a Candidate Genetic Cause of Familial Febrile Seizure 4 by Ji Yoon Han, Hyun Joo Lee, Young-Mock Lee, Joonhong Park

“…As a result, a heterozygous c.2039A>G of the <i>ADGRV1</i> gene leading to a codon change of aspartic acid to glycine at the position 680 (rs547076322) was identified. …”
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Unilateral follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma with unique <it>KRAS</it> mutation in struma ovarii in bilateral ovarian teratoma: a rare case report by Stanojevic Boban, Dzodic Radan, Saenko Vladimir, Milovanovic Zorka, Krstevski Vesna, Radlovic Petar, Buta Marko, Rulic Bozidar, Todorovic Lidija, Dimitrijevic Bogomir, Yamashita Shunichi

“…</p> <p>Normal and cancerous thyroid tissues were tested for <it>BRAF</it> and <it>RAS</it> mutations by direct sequencing, and for <it>RET/PTC</it> rearrangements by RT-PCR/Southern blotting. A <it>KRAS</it> codon 12 mutation, the GGT → GTT transversion, corresponding to the Gly → Val amino acid change was identified in the absence of other genetic alterations commonly found in PTC.…”
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Comparative Mitogenomics in <i>Hyalella</i> (Amphipoda: Crustacea) by Francesco Zapelloni, José A. Jurado-Rivera, Damià Jaume, Carlos Juan, Joan Pons

“…<i>Hyalella</i> mitochondrial genomes show the typical AT-richness and strong nucleotide bias among codon sites and strands of pancrustaceans. Protein-coding sequences are biased towards AT-rich codons, with a preference for leucine and serine amino acids. …”
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Bioprocess optimization of interferon β-1-a in Pichia pastoris and its improved inhibitory effect against hepatocellular carcinoma cells by Nasim Moatamedi, Rahman Emamzadeh, Hamid Mir Mohammad Sadeghi, Vajihe Akbari

“…In the present study, we aimed to improve the expression level of INF-β-1a by Pichia pastoris using optimization of culture conditions. The codon-optimized INF-β- 1a gene was cloned into pPICZαA plasmid under the control of alcohol oxidase I (AOX1) promoter. …”
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Overexpression of the novel MATE fluoroquinolone efflux pump FepA in Listeria monocytogenes is driven by inactivation of its local repressor FepR. by François Guérin, Marc Galimand, Fabrice Tuambilangana, Patrice Courvalin, Vincent Cattoir

“…The frame-shift mutation was responsible for the introduction of a premature stop codon resulting in an inactive truncated protein. …”
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Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence, Characteristics, and Phylogenetic Analysis of <i>Oenanthe javanica</i> by Xiaoyan Li, Qiuju Han, Mengyao Li, Qing Luo, Shunhua Zhu, Yangxia Zheng, Guofei Tan

“…A total of 87 SSR (simple sequence repeat) loci were detected, with 99% composed of palindrome repeats and forward repeats, while no complementary repeats were identified. Codon preference analysis indicated that watercress prefers to use codons encoding leucine, isoleucine, and serine with a preference for A/U-ending codons. …”
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Mitochondrial Genomes of <i>Hestina persimilis</i> and <i>Hestinalis nama</i> (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae): Genome Description and Phylogenetic Implications by Yupeng Wu, Hui Fang, Jiping Wen, Juping Wang, Tianwen Cao, Bo He

“…These two mitogenomes have the typical composition, including 37 genes and a control region. The start codons of the protein-coding genes (PCGs) in the two mitogenomes are the typical codon pattern ATN, except CGA in the <i>cox1</i> gene. …”
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Glucose lowering effect of transgenic human insulin-like growth factor-I from rice: <it>in vitro </it>and <it>in vivo </it>studies by Sun Samuel SM, Liu Qiao-quan, Lan Lin-lin, Liu Li-zhong, Cheung Stanley CK, Chan Juliana CN, Tong Peter CY

“…</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The plant-codon-optimized hIGF-I was introduced into rice via <it>Agrobacterium</it>-mediated transformation. …”
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Intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm arising in Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome bile duct: a unique case report by Qingyue Liu, Zhiyu Wang, Chaoran Yu, Jianping Zhu, Chengli Liu, Xiangsheng Li, Li Ren, Teng Li

“…Next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed other than STK11 germline mutation, the tumor also harbors GNAS somatic mutation at codon 478 and EGFR amplification. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of IOPN arising in PJS. …”
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Description and complete mitochondrial genome of Atkinsoniella zizhongi sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) from China and its phylogenetic implications by Yan Jiang, Hao-Xi Li, Xiao-Fei Yu, Mao-Fa Yang

“…All of the PCGs were determined to have the typical stop codon TAA or TAG, while COX2 and ND5 ended with incomplete termination codons T and TA, respectively. …”
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Derivation of the human induced pluripotent stem cell line MUi017-A from a patient with homozygous Hemoglobin Constant Spring by Wasinee Wongkummool, Warun Maneepitasut, Thongperm Munkongdee, Pirut Tong-ngam, Amornrat Tangprasittipap, Saovaros Svasti, Narisorn Kitiyanant, Kittiphong Paiboonsukwong, Suthat Fucharoen, Alisa Tubsuwan

“…Hemoglobin Constant Spring (HbCS, HBA2: c.427T>C) is a common nondeletional α-thalassemia resulting from a nucleotide substitution at the termination codon of the HBA2 gene. Homozygosity for HbCS is characterized with mild anemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly. …”
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A novel baculovirus-derived promoter with high activity in the baculovirus expression system by María Martínez-Solís, Silvia Gómez-Sebastián, José M. Escribano, Agata K. Jakubowska, Salvador Herrero

“…The strongest promoter activity was defined by a 120 nt sequence upstream of the ATG start codon for the orf46 gene. On average, GFP expression under this new promoter was more than two fold higher than the expression obtained with the standard polyhedrin (polh) promoter. …”
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Proviral location affects cognate peptide–induced virus production and immune recognition of HIV-1–infected T cell clones by Filippo Dragoni, Abena K. Kwaa, Caroline C. Traut, Rebecca T. Veenhuis, Bezawit A. Woldemeskel, Angelica Camilo-Contreras, Hayley E. Raymond, Arbor G. Dykema, Eileen P. Scully, Amanda M. Rosecrans, Kellie N. Smith, Frederic D. Bushman, Francesco R. Simonetti, Joel N. Blankson

“…A third nearly intact provirus, with a stop codon in Pol, was integrated into an intergenic site. …”
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Renal Cell Carcinoma with Cardiac Metastases: A Case Report and Review of the Literature by Ellen M. Cahill, Alexandra Tabakin, Brian Shinder, Mark Bramwit, Biren Saraiya, Xinyang Xu, Cristo G. Salazar, Zhongren Zhou, Eric A. Singer

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<i>C</i>-Terminal Fragment of Vitellogenin II, a Potential Yolkin Polypeptide Complex Precursor Protein—Heterologous Expression, Purification, and Immunoregulatory Activity by Agnieszka Szmyt, Agnieszka Zabłocka, Józefa Macała, Józefa Chrzanowska, Anna Dąbrowska

“…The ygp40 coding sequence was codon optimized, successfully expressed in the <i>E. coli</i> system, and purified from inclusion bodies with a yield of about 1.1 mg/L of culture. …”
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Witch Nails (Krt90whnl): A spontaneous mouse mutation affecting nail growth and development. by John P Sundberg, Hannah Galantino-Homer, Heather Fairfield, Patricia F Ward-Bailey, Belinda S Harris, Melissa Berry, C Herbert Pratt, Nicholas E Gott, Lesley S Bechtold, Pauline R Kaplan, Blythe P Durbin-Johnson, David M Rocke, Robert H Rice

“…The whnl mutation, mapped on Chromosome 15, is due to a 7-bp insertion identified in the 3' region of exon 9 in the Krt90 gene (formerly Riken cDNA 4732456N10Rik), and is predicted to result in a frameshift that changes serine 476 to arginine and subsequently introduces 36 novel amino acids into the protein before a premature stop codon (p. Ser476ArgfsTer36). By immunohistochemistry the normal KRT90 protein is expressed in the nail matrix and nail bed in control mice where lesions are located in mutant mice. …”
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