Distinct, ecotype-specific genome and proteome signatures in the marine cyanobacteria <it>Prochlorococcus</it> by Bag Sumit K, Dutta Anirban, Paul Sandip, Das Sabyasachi, Dutta Chitra

“…</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Pronounced strand-specific asymmetry in synonymous codon usage is observed exclusively in LL strains. …”
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Cerebral Cavernous Malformation: A Portuguese Family with a Novel CCM1 Mutation by João Pedro Marto, Inês Gil, Sofia Calado, Miguel Viana-Baptista

“…The substitution encodes a stop codon, with a consequent truncated KRIT1 protein, therefore supporting its pathogenic role. …”
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The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Freshwater Fish <i>Onychostoma ovale</i> (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae): Genome Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis by Renyi Zhang, Tingting Zhu, Qi Luo

“…All PCGs began with the standard ATG codon, except for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (<i>COX1</i>) gene and the NADH dehydrogenase 3 (<i>ND3</i>) gene with GTG, while six PCGs ended with incomplete termination codons (TA or T). …”
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Complete mitochondrial genomes of four deep-sea echinoids: conserved mitogenome organization and new insights into the phylogeny and evolution of Echinoidea by Shao’e Sun, Ning Xiao, Zhongli Sha

“…No difference was found between deep-sea and shallow water groups in terms of base composition and codon usage. The phylogenetic analysis showed that all the orders except Spatangoida were monophyletic. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of a new species of the genus Schizothorax from Sichuan, China (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) by Ying Wang, Pan Shang, Yuanxing Dai, Dayong Xu, Yanzhen Dong, Zhiqiu Huang

“…All PCGs have the same start codon of the standard ATG, excepting for that of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) which was the ATC, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5) which was the ATT and cytochrome c oxidase 1 (cox1) which was the ATC. …”
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Interactions between Immunosuppressive Therapy and Direct-Acting Antivirals in Kidney Transplant Recipient with Hepatitis C Infection by Paolo Carta, Federica Curci, Leonardo Caroti, Larti Aida, Lorenzo Di Maria, Lino Cirami

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Endogenous and Foreign Nucleoid-Associated Proteins of Bacteria: Occurrence, Interactions and Effects on Mobile Genetic Elements and Host's Biology by Rodrigo Flores-Ríos, Raquel Quatrini, Alejandra Loyola

“…Existing biases in base composition and codon usage of these elements` genes impose transcription and translation limitations that may affect the physical and regulatory integration of MGEs in new hosts. …”
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Current Status of Endolysin-Based Treatments against Gram-Negative Bacteria by Marco Túlio Pardini Gontijo, Genesy Perez Jorge, Marcelo Brocchi

“…The availability of tRNAs and endolysin toxicity during recombinant protein expression is circumvented by codon optimization and lower expression levels using inducible pET-type plasmids and controlled cultivation conditions, respectively. …”
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A nonsense mutation in C8orf37 linked with retinitis pigmentosa, early macular degeneration, cataract, and myopia in an arRP family from North India by Shiwali Goyal, Kabir Singh, Aashna Uppal, Vanita Vanita

“…Conclusions Present study identifies a nonsense mutation (c.555G > A) at codon 185 in C8orf37 linked with arRP, early macular degeneration, posterior subcapsular cataract, and myopia. …”
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An insertion in the coding region of the <it>myostatin </it>(<it>MSTN</it>) gene affects carcass conformation and fatness in the Norwegian Spælsau (<it>Ovis aries</it>) by Våge Dag I, Boman Inger A

“…A one base-pair insertion mutation (<it>c.120insA</it>) producing a premature stop codon in amino acid position 49 was identified. The consequence of this mutation is that the bioactive carboxy-terminal end of the protein is not translated, and a completely non-functional myostatin protein is produced. …”
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Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of Cnaphalocrocis patnalis (Bradley 1981) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) by Jihong Tang, Xue Tang, Hui Lu, Nanfang Lin, Chunxi Cheng, Baoqian Lyu, Jinhua Li

“…Twelve PCGs were initiated by ATN codons, and COX1 started with TTG. All the PCGs used the typical stop codon ‘TAA’ and ‘TAG.’ …”
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Machine learning predicts translation initiation sites in neurologic diseases with nucleotide repeat expansions. by Alec C Gleason, Ghanashyam Ghadge, Jin Chen, Yoshifumi Sonobe, Raymond P Roos

“…Here, we overcome this limitation and increase prediction accuracy by the following: a) capture the effect of nucleotides most critical for translation initiation via feature reduction, b) implement an alternative machine learning algorithm better suited for limited data, c) build comprehensive and balanced training data (via sampling without replacement) that includes previously unavailable sequences, and d) split ATG and near-cognate translation initiation codon data to train two separate models. We also design a supplementary scoring system to provide an additional prognostic assessment of model predictions. …”
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Effects of A6E Mutation on Protein Expression and Supramolecular Assembly of Yeast Asparagine Synthetase by Thunyarat Surasiang, Chalongrat Noree

“…Here, we constructed a yeast strain by deleting <i>ASN2</i> from its genome, introducing the A6E mutation codon to <i>ASN1</i>, along with <i>GFP</i> downstream of <i>ASN1</i>. …”
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Molecular dynamics approach to the I431V mutational impact on thyroid hormone receptor-beta by Tika Ram Lamichhane, Sharma Paudel, Binod Kumar Yadav, Hari Prasad Lamichhane

“…The residue on the 431-codon is dynamic in nature showing its flexibility over the course of entry and release of T3-hormone into/from the ligand binding pocket. …”
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Design of a multi-epitope-based peptide vaccine against the S and N proteins of SARS-COV-2 using immunoinformatics approach by Arian Karimi Rouzbahani, Farnaz Kheirandish, Seyedeh Zeinab Hosseini

“…Finally, after optimizing the codon to increase expression in E. coli K12, the vaccine construct was cloned into pET28a (+) vector. …”
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EMERGING ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES FOR YIELD IMPROVEMENT IN MICROBIAL CELL DESIGN by Santiago Comba, Ana Arabolaza, Hugo Gramajo

“…Traditional methods used to improve the production of target compounds from engineered biosynthetic pathways in non-native hosts include: codon usage optimization, elimination of the accumulation of toxic intermediates or byproducts, enhanced production of rate-limiting enzymes, selection of appropriate promoter and ribosome binding sites, application of directed evolution of enzymes, and chassis re-circuit. …”
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A two-generation hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT) syndrome family: clinical presentations, pathological characteristics and genetic analysis: a case report by Dun Yang, Jiaoyun Zheng, Fei Tang, Qiongzhi He, Hui Huang, Peng Zhou

“…Two patients both presented with no evidence of Hyperparathyroidism (HPT). A germline start codon mutation (c.1A > G) of CDC73 was identified in them. …”
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A comparison of complete mitochondrial DNA sequences of Mnais costalis Selys, 1869 (Odonata: Calopterygidae) from three different populations (one allopatric and two sympatric) by Hisashi Okuyama, Takuya Kiyoshi, Jun-Ichi Takahashi, Yoshitaka Tsubaki

“…Among the PCGs, ATP8 and ATP6, ATP6 and COIII, ND4 and ND4L, and ND6 and Cytb shared seven, one, seven, and one nucleotides, respectively. The initiation codon ATG was found in eight genes, ATC in four, and ATT in one, while the termination codons TAA, TAG, TA, and T were observed in seven, one, two, and three genes, respectively. …”
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Frequency of K-ras Mutations in Pancreatic Intraductal Neoplasias Associated with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Chronic Pancreatitis: A Meta-Analysis by Matthias Löhr, Gunter Klöppel, Patrick Maisonneuve, Albert B. Lowenfels, Jutta Lüttges

“…Molecular analyses have demonstrated mutations in the K-ras gene at codon 12 in the majority of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). …”
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Intranasal immunization with a single dose of the fusion protein formulated with a combination adjuvant induces long-term protective immunity against respiratory syncytial virus by R. Garg, L. Latimer, V. Gerdts, A. Potter, S. van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk

“…In this study we evaluated the short- and long-term protective efficacy of a single intranasal (IN) immunization with a RSV vaccine formulation consisting of a codon-optimized fusion (F) protein formulated with poly(I:C), an innate defense regulator peptide and a polyphosphazene (ΔF/TriAdj). …”
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