Improvement of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase gene expression in Escherichia coli by insertion of regulatory sequences involved in the promotion of RNA transcription by Ramli, Norhayati, Abd. Aziz, Suraini, Mohammed Alitheen, Noorjahan Banu, Hassan, Mohd Ali, Maeda, Toshinari

“…The putative promoter regions, −35 and −10 sequences were found in the upstream of the mature gene start codon. Whereas, long inverted repeats sequences which can form a stable stem and loop structure was found downstream of the open reading frame (ORF) of Bacillus sp. …”
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Base Usage and Dinucleotide Frequency of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus by Tan, Do Yew, Bejo, Mohd Hair, Ideris, Aini, Omar, Abdul Rahman, Goh, Yong Meng

“…However when the base usage at each codon positions was analysed by using cluster analysis, the VP5 open reading frame (ORF) formed a different cluster isolated from the other genes. …”
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Haematologic profile of haemoglobin constant spring and its co-inheritance with alpha and beta thalassaemia among form four students in Negeri Sembilan by Nahanthiran, Subithira, Nik Mustapha, Nik Hafidzah, Chellappah Thambiah, Subashini, Osman, Malina, Idris, Faridah, Md Noor, Sabariah

“…Introduction: In Malaysia, the commonest non-deletional alpha (α) thalassaemia is Haemoglobin Constant Spring (Hb CS) which occurs due to a mutation at the termination codon of α2 globin gene (TAA>CAA). Presence of an abnormal peak at Zone 2 on CE or presence of a small peak at c-window on HPLC can be suggestive of Hb CS. …”
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Optimisation of enzymatic reactions for galactooligosaccharides synthesis using beta-galactanase from Geobacillus mahadii Geo-05 by Ismail, Noor Faizah

“…In this study, beta-galactanase from Geobacillus mahadii Geo-05 was synthesised with a codon optimised sequence (named BgcGC) and biochemically characterised for its optimum function. …”
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Molecular cloning of a cyclodextrin glucanotransferase gene from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. TS1-1 and characterization of the recombinant enzyme by Rahman, Kamalesh, Mohd Illias, Rosli, Hassan, Osman, Nik Mahmood, Nik Azmi, Abdul Rashid, Noor Aini

“…TS1-1 was isolated and cloned into Escherichia coli. Starting from TTG codon, there was an open reading frame composed of 2163 bp (721 amino acids). …”
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Molecular and enzymatic studies of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase gene from Bacillus sp. TS1-1 by Rahman, Kamalesh

“…Beginning from the TTG codon, there was an open reading frame composed of 2163bp (721 amino acids). …”
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Characterization of a novel non‐canonical splice site variant (c.886‐5T>A) in NBAS and description of the associated phenotype by Claudia S. Priglinger, Günter Rudolph, Irene Schmid, Pascale Mazzola, Tobias B. Haack, Milda Reith, Katarina Stingl, Nicole Weisschuh

“…Genome sequencing revealed two novel variants in NBAS in compound heterozygous state in both sisters, namely a 1‐bp deletion predicted to result in a premature termination codon (c.5104del; p.(Met1702*)), and a non‐canonical splice site variant of unclear significance (c.886‐5T>A; p.?). …”
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Cytokine polymorphisms in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia by Anna Zaninoni, Bruno Fattizzo, Bruno Fattizzo, Loredana Pettine, Cristina Vercellati, Anna P. Marcello, Wilma Barcellini

“…Moreover, the genotypic frequency of TNF-α -308G/A and TGF-β gene codon 25 G/C genotypes was significantly lower in patients versus controls. …”
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Liver-specific in vivo base editing of Angptl3 via AAV delivery efficiently lowers blood lipid levels in mice by Yuanbojiao Zuo, Chen Zhang, Yuan Zhou, Haiwen Li, Weidong Xiao, Roland W. Herzog, Jie Xu, Jifeng Zhang, Y. Eugene Chen, Renzhi Han

“…Systemic AAV9-mediated delivery of AncBE4max, a cytosine base editor (CBE), targeting mouse Angptl3 resulted in the installation of a premature stop codon in Angptl3 with an average efficiency of 63.3 ± 2.3% in the bulk liver tissue. …”
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Whole Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomic Analyses of <i>Lysinibacillus pakistanensis</i> LZH-9, a Halotolerant Strain with Excellent COD Removal Capability by Xueling Wu, Han Zhou, Liangzhi Li, Enhui Wang, Xiangyu Zhou, Yichao Gu, Xiaoyan Wu, Li Shen, Weimin Zeng

“…Further expression assessment with Codon Adaption Index (CAI) also reflected the high metabolic rate of <i>L. pakistanensis</i> to digest potential carbon or nitrogen sources in organic contaminants, which was closely linked with efficient COD removal ability of strain LZH-9. …”
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Current status of Helicobacter pylori resistance to Clarithromycin and Levofloxacin in Malaysia—findings from a molecular based study by Suat Moi Puah, Khean Lee Goh, Heng Kang Ng, Kek Heng Chua

“…Interestingly, we found a high rate of silent mutations of the gyrA codon 87Asn (32.8%, 20/61) and two polymorphisms of the gyrB D481E (16.4%, 10/61) and R484K (21.3%, 13/61). …”
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Stable nuclear transformation of <it>Eudorina elegans</it> by Lerche Kai, Hallmann Armin

“…The luciferase (<it>gluc</it>) gene from the marine copepod <it>Gaussia princeps</it>, which previously was engineered to match the codon usage of <it>C. reinhardtii</it>, was used as a reporter gene. …”
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Evaluation of the whole proteome to design a novel mRNA-based vaccine against multidrug-resistant Serratia marcescens by Muhammad Naveed, Muhammad Saad Mughal, Khizra Jabeen, Tariq Aziz, Sumaira Naz, Nausheen Nazir, Muhammad Shahzad, Metab Alharbi, Abdulrahman Alshammari, Satya Sai Sadhu

“…To confirm our idea, we performed an in silico immunological simulation of vaccination. The codon was also optimized to ensure that the mRNA reached the cytoplasm of a human host and underwent efficient translation. …”
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Epitope-based chimeric peptide vaccine design against S, M and E proteins of SARS-CoV-2 etiologic agent of global pandemic COVID-19: an in silico approach by M. Shaminur Rahman, M. Nazmul Hoque, M. Rafiul Islam, Salma Akter, A. S. M. Rubayet-Ul-Alam, Mohammad Anwar Siddique, Otun Saha, Md. Mizanur Rahaman, Munawar Sultana, Keith A. Crandall, M. Anwar Hossain

“…It also increased the proliferation of T-helper cells and cytotoxic T-cells along with the increased IFN-γ and IL-2 cytokines. The codon optimization and mRNA secondary structure prediction revealed that the chimera is suitable for high-level expression and cloning. …”
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Ancient duplication, coevolution, and selection at the MHC class IIA and IIB genes of birds by Piotr Minias, Scott V. Edwards, Scott V. Edwards, Wiesław Babik

“…We detected no evidence for an overall (gene-wide) relaxation or intensification of selection at either DAA1/DAB1 or DAA2/DAB2, but codon-specific differences in selection signature were found at the peptide-binding sites between the two gene lineages, perhaps implying specialization to different pathogen regimes.DiscussionOur results suggest that specific pairing of MHC-II α and β chains may have an adaptive significance, a conclusion that advances knowledge on the macroevolution of the avian MHC-II and opens exciting novel directions for future research.…”
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BLINCAR: a reusable bioluminescent and Cas9-based genetic toolset for repeatedly modifying wild-type Scheffersomyces stipitis by Walter D. Reichard, Serenah E. Smith, J. Brian Robertson

“…However, the non-canonical codon usage of S. stipitis is an obstacle for implementing molecular tools that were developed for other yeast species, thereby limiting the molecular toolset available for S. stipitis. …”
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The Use of Wheat Starch as Gelling Agent for In Vitro Proliferation of Blackberry (<i>Rubus fruticosus</i> L.) Cultivars and the Evaluation of Genetic Fidelity after Repeated Subcu... by Doina Clapa, Monica Hârța, Katalin Szabo, Bernadette-Emőke Teleky, Doru Pamfil

“…The genetic uniformity of the micropropagated shoots in relation to their mother plants was confirmed by sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and start codon targeted (SCoT) molecular markers.…”
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Molecular Cloning of DARPins G3 in pET28b Expression Vector and Optimization of the Expression of This Protein in Escherichia Coli by Nadereh Bakhshandeh, Shaban Ali Khodashenas, Mehryar Zargari, Naghi Shahabi Majd, Zeinab Rezaei Kiasari

“…Conclusion: We were succeeded to express a new codon-optimized DARPins gene in Escherichia coli and HEK293t system.…”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Paragonimus ohirai (Paragonimidae: Trematoda: Platyhelminthes) and its comparison with P. westermani congeners and other trematodes by Thanh Hoa Le, Khue Thi Nguyen, Nga Thi Bich Nguyen, Huong Thi Thanh Doan, Takeshi Agatsuma, David Blair

“…Paragonimusohirai and four forms/strains of P. westermani from South Korea and India, exhibited remarkably different base compositions and hence codon usage in protein-coding genes. In the fully sequenced P. ohirai individual, the non-coding region started with two long identical repeats (292 bp each), separated by tRNAGlu. …”
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Immunogenicity of Multiple Doses of pDNA Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 by Iman Almansour, Nabela Calamata Macadato, Thamer Alshammari

“…The magnitude of binding and neutralizing antibody responses with three doses of synthetic, codon-optimized, full-length S (S.opt.FL) vaccine is comparable to that generated after four doses, suggesting that three doses are sufficient to elicit robust immune responses. …”
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