The phtE Locus in the Phaseolotoxin Gene Cluster Has ORFs with Homologies to Genes Encoding Amino Acid Transferases, the AraC Family of Transcriptional Factors, and Fatty Acid Desa... by Yuan Xin Zhang, Suresh S. Patil

“…Primer extension analysis showed that the transcript begins at a T, located 31 bp upstream of the ATG codon of ORF1. Comparison of the sequences of the putative ORFs with the sequences of known genes revealed that ORF3, encoding a protein containing 395 amino acids, has 55% similarity to the acetylornithine aminotransferase gene from Escherichia coli, and the ornithine aminotransferase genes from other organisms. …”
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Molecular evolution and population genetics of glutamate decarboxylase acid resistance pathway in lactic acid bacteria by Efe Sezgin, Efe Sezgin, Burcu Tekin

“…All GAD and transporter genes showed high codon usage bias in examined LAB species suggesting high expression and utilization of acid resistance genes. …”
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Investigation of Heterologously Expressed Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Genes in a Yeast <i>zwf1</i> Deletion by Jürgen J. Heinisch, Johannes Knuesting, Renate Scheibe

“…This strain was used as a recipient to introduce plasmid-encoded heterologous <i>G6PD</i> genes, synthesized in the yeast codon usage and expressed under the control of the native <i>PFK2</i> promotor. …”
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Hb Chapel Hill or Alpha2 74(EF3) Asp>Gly, a mildly unstable variant found in a Chinese family by Bin Tang, Jicheng Wang, Danqinq Qin, Cuize Yao, Keyi Chen, Lihua Liang, Huiying Chai, Hao Guo, Li Du

“…ABSTRACTBackground Hb Chapel Hill [Alpha2 74(EF3) Asp > Gly] results from an GAC > GGC substitution at codon 74 of the HBA1 or HBA2 genes. Hb Chapel Hill has not been reported since 1986.Methods A heterozygous mutation, HBA2: c.224A > G, was identified in the proband, her father and sister. …”
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Comparative Analysis of Chloroplast Genomes of “Tiantai Wu-Yao” (<i>Lindera aggregata</i>) and Taxa of the Same Genus and Different Genera by Yujie Shi, Zhen Chen, Jingyong Jiang, Xiaobai Li, Wei Zeng

“…Furthermore, there were 78–97 SSRs loci in these genomes, in which mononucleotide repeats were the most abundant; there were 24–49 interspersed repeats, and forward repeat types were the most frequent. The codon bias patterns of all species tended to use codons ending with A or U. …”
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Clinical and genetic manifestation of pheochromocytoma patients with RET mutation by MA Xiao-sen, WANG Fen, CUI Yun-ying, ZHOU Ting, CHEN Shi, LU Lin, TONG An-li, LI Yu-xiu

“…In 22 patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 2A, mutations were clustered in exon 16 (18 cases), especially in codon 634 (16 cases), followed by exon 10 and 14, and one patient with MEN2B had M918T in exon 16. …”
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Limb girdle muscular dystrophy 23 caused by compound heterozygous mutations of LAMA2 gene by Yuqing Xu, Yuqing Xu, Linyan Zhu, Yeqing Qian, Yeqing Qian, Minyue Dong, Minyue Dong

“…By performing RT-PCR and TA clone sequencing, an insertion of 40-bp intronic sequence (intron 64) was found in the transcripts of the proband and her father, which resulted in a frameshift and premature truncation codon of the LAMA2. In particular, the variant truncated the LamG domain of the LAMA2. …”
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Tandem Substitutions in Somatic Hypermutation by Julieta H. Sepúlveda-Yáñez, Julieta H. Sepúlveda-Yáñez, Diego Alvarez Saravia, Bas Pilzecker, Bas Pilzecker, Pauline A. van Schouwenburg, Mirjam van den Burg, Hendrik Veelken, Marcelo A. Navarrete, Heinz Jacobs, Marvyn T. Koning

“…Tandem substitutions may enhance affinity maturation and expedite the adaptive immune response by overcoming amino acid codon degeneracies or mutating two adjacent amino acid residues simultaneously.…”
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Upf3a but not Upf1 mediates the genetic compensation response induced by leg1 deleterious mutations in an H3K4me3-independent manner by Aixuan Xie, Zhipeng Ma, Jinyang Wang, Yuxi Zhang, Yayue Chen, Chun Yang, Jun Chen, Jinrong Peng

“…It is triggered by mutant mRNA bearing a premature termination codon and has been suggested to depend on components of both the nonsense mRNA-mediated degradation (NMD) pathway and the complex of proteins associated with Set1 (COMPASS). …”
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Molecular Study of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> in Respiratory Samples of HIV Patients in Chile by Isabel Iturrieta-González, Carolina Chahin, Johanna Cabrera, Carla Concha, Pamela Olivares-Ferretti, Javier Briones, Fernando Vega, Luis Bustos-Medina, Flery Fonseca-Salamanca

“…A prevalence of 6.7% (1/15) mutations in the <i>DHPS</i> gene was detected, specifically at codon 55 of the amino acid sequence of dihydropteroate synthase. …”
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A novel nonsense PTH1R variant shows incomplete penetrance of primary failure of eruption: a case report by Cristina Grippaudo, Concetta Cafiero, Isabella D’Apolito, Agnese Re, Maurizio Genuardi, Pietro Chiurazzi, Sylvia A. Frazier-Bowers

“…This variant introduces a premature stop codon in position 169, predicted to result in the production of a truncated and non-functional protein. …”
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Transcriptional control of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta gene in chicken adipose tissue by Lingyu Gao, Yingjun Wang, Qin Gao, Yuechan Chen, Zhiwei Zhang

“…A 2,031-base pair (bp) chicken C/EBPZ sequence (2,025 nucleotides upstream to 6 nucleotides downstream from the initiator codon, -2,025/+6) was studied. The sequence exhibited a significant promoter activity (P < 0.05) and had some cis-acting elements, notably, a core promoter was identified in nucleotides −94 to +6. …”
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A Prospective Non-Randomised Interventional Study of Goal-Directed Ultrafiltration Compared With Clinical Dry-Weight Assessment in Achieving Euvolemic Status of Patients on Main... by Pankaj Ganvir, Choudhury Sudhiranjan Dash, Amjad Khan Pathan, Rushi Deshpande, Ashay Shingare, Madan Mohan Bahadur, Ashwin Patil

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Design and Assessment of a Novel In Silico Approach for Developing a Next-Generation Multi-Epitope Universal Vaccine Targeting Coronaviruses by Muhammad Asif Rasheed, Sohail Raza, Wadi B. Alonazi, Muhammad Adnan Ashraf, Muhammad Tariq Navid, Irfana Aslam, Muhammad Nasir Iqbal, Sarfraz Ur Rahman, Muhammad Ilyas Riaz

“…In silico docking and simulation studies suggested a stable interaction between the multi-epitope candidate vaccine and human toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). In silico codon optimization and cloning were used to further explore the successful expression of the designed candidate vaccine in a prokaryotic expression system. …”
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Modeling a Novel Variant of Glycogenosis IXa Using a Clonal Inducible Reprogramming System to Generate “Diseased” Hepatocytes for Accurate Diagnosis by Guillem Garcia-Llorens, Sergi Lopez-Navarro, Teresa Jaijo, Jose V. Castell, Roque Bort

“…We demonstrated an aberrant splicing of PHKA2, resulting in the incorporation of a 27 bp upstream of intron 23 into exon 23, which leads to an immediate premature STOP codon. The truncated protein was unable to phosphorylate the PYGL protein, causing a 4-fold increase in the accumulation of glycogen in hepatocyte-like cells. …”
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The Impact of Variation in the Toll-like Receptor 3 Gene on Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in Illinois Wild White-Tailed Deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) by Jacob E. Wessels, Yasuko Ishida, Nelda A. Rivera, Spencer L. Stirewalt, William M. Brown, Jan E. Novakofski, Alfred L. Roca, Nohra E. Mateus-Pinilla

“…In the EHD-positive deer, phenylalanine was relatively less likely to be encoded at codon positions 59 and 116, whereas leucine and serine (respectively) were detected less frequently in EHD-negative deer. …”
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The <i>BCO2</i> Genotype and the Expression of <i>BCO1</i>, <i>BCO2</i>, <i>LRAT,</i> and <i>TTPA</i> Genes in the Adipose Tissue and Brain of Rabbits Fed a Diet with Marigold Flow... by Janusz Strychalski, Andrzej Gugołek, Edyta Kaczorek-Łukowska, Zofia Antoszkiewicz, Paulius Matusevičius

“…Sixty young male Termond White rabbits were allocated to three groups based on their genotype at codon 248 of the <i>BCO2</i> gene (ins/ins, ins/del, and del/del). …”
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Local Repressor AcrR Regulates AcrAB Efflux Pump Required for Biofilm Formation and Virulence in Acinetobacter nosocomialis by Bindu Subhadra, Jaeseok Kim, Dong Ho Kim, Kyungho Woo, Man Hwan Oh, Chul Hee Choi

“…The EMSA data showed that AcrR binds to −89 bp upstream of the start codon of acrA. The mRNA expression analysis depicted that the expression of acrA and acrB genes are elevated in the deletion mutant compared to that in the wild type confirming that AcrR acts as a repressor of acrAB operon in A. nosocomialis. …”
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Complete chloroplast genome structural characterization of two Phalaenopsis (Orchidaceae) species and comparative analysis with their alliance by Lei Tao, Hanning Duan, Kaifeng Tao, Yan Luo, Qingqing Li, Lu Li

“…Most of their protein-coding genes had a high degree of codon preference. Moreover, 45 genes were discovered with significantly positive selection. …”
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A Comprehensive Analysis of <i>Triplophysa labiata</i> (Kessler, 1874) Mitogenome and Its Phylogenetic Implications within the <i>Triplophysa</i> Genus by Chengxin Wang, Site Luo, Na Yao, Xinyue Wang, Yong Song, Shengao Chen

“…Among the PCGs, the start codon ATG was commonly observed, except in <i>cox1</i>, while the stop codons TAA/TAG/T were found in all PCGs. …”
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