Site-directed mutagenesis of newcastle disease VIRUS V protein in virus pathogenicity by Tham, May Ling

“…As a result, the stop codon was substituted with other amino acids and the V protein was no longer truncated. …”
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Haematological parameter evaluation in different types of deletional alpha thalassaemia and in coinheritance of deletional alpha thalassaemia and beta thalassaemia in Hospital Univ... by Arifin, Samilawati Mohd

“…Coinheritance of α thalassaemia with β thalassaemia/haemoglobinopathy was seen in 13.8% ofcases with the most common coinheritance was seen between SEA heterozygous (αα/--SEA) with codon 26 mutation (HbE). There were significant differences of RBC count, MCV and MCH level in patients with deletional α thalassemia compared to group without α gene deletion (p-value < 0.001). …”
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Introduction of chemically labile substructures into Arabidopsis lignin through the use of LigD, the C-dehydrogenase from Sphingobium sp strain SYK-6 by Tsuji, Yukiko, Vanholme, Ruben, Tobimatsu, Yuki, Ishikawa, Yasuyuki, Foster, Clifton E., Kamimura, Naofumi, Hishiyama, Shojiro, Hashimoto, Saki, Shino, Amiu, Hara, Hirofumi, Kanna, Sato-Izawa, Oyarce, Paula, Goeminne, Geert, Morreel, Kris, Kikuchi Morreel, Jun, Takano, Toshiyuki, Fukuda, Masao, Katayama, Yoshihiro, Boerjan, Wout, John, Ralph, Masai, Eiji, Kajita, Shinya

“…We explored the possibility of using LigD for biosynthetically engineering lignin by expressing the codon-optimized ligD gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. …”

PMCA-Based Detection of Prions in the Olfactory Mucosa of Patients With Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease by Federico Angelo Cazzaniga, Edoardo Bistaffa, Chiara Maria Giulia De Luca, Chiara Maria Giulia De Luca, Sara Maria Portaleone, Marcella Catania, Veronica Redaelli, Irene Tramacere, Giuseppe Bufano, Martina Rossi, Paola Caroppo, Anna Rita Giovagnoli, Pietro Tiraboschi, Giuseppe Di Fede, Roberto Eleopra, Grazia Devigili, Antonio Emanuele Elia, Roberto Cilia, Michele Fiorini, Matilde Bongianni, Giulia Salzano, Luigi Celauro, Federico Giuseppe Quarta, Angela Mammana, Giuseppe Legname, Fabrizio Tagliavini, Piero Parchi, Piero Parchi, Gianluigi Zanusso, Giorgio Giaccone, Fabio Moda

“…The combination of the polymorphism at codon 129 of the PrP gene (coding either methionine or valine) with the biochemical feature of the proteinase-K resistant PrP (generating either PrPSc type 1 or 2) gives rise to different PrPSc strains, which cause variable phenotypes of sCJD. …”
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Comparison of Bioluminescent Substrates in Natural Infection Models of Neglected Parasitic Diseases by Sarah Hendrickx, Dimitri Bulté, Dorien Mabille, Roxanne Mols, Mathieu Claes, Kayhan Ilbeigi, Rokaya Ahmad, Laura Dirkx, Sara I. Van Acker, Guy Caljon

“…Solutions are sought by using codon-optimized red-shifted luciferases that yield higher expression levels and produce relatively more red or near-infrared light, or by using modified bioluminescent substrates with enhanced cell permeability and improved luminogenic or pharmacokinetic properties. …”
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Complete Chloroplast Genome Determination of <i>Ranunculus sceleratus</i> from Republic of Korea (Ranunculaceae) and Comparative Chloroplast Genomes of the Members of the <i>Ranunc... by Kang-Rae Kim, So Young Park, Heesoo Kim, Jeong Min Hong, Sun-Yu Kim, Jeong-Nam Yu

“…The <i>ndhE</i>, <i>ndhF</i>, <i>rpl23</i>, <i>atpF</i>, <i>rps4</i>, and <i>rpoA</i> genes had a high posterior probability of codon sites in positive selection, while the amino acid site varied between <i>Ranunculus</i> species and other genera. …”
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Genetic and molecular understanding for the development of methionine-rich maize: a holistic approach by Veena Devi, Bharat Bhushan, Mamta Gupta, Mehak Sethi, Charanjeet Kaur, Alla Singh, Vishal Singh, Ramesh Kumar, Sujay Rakshit, Dharam P. Chaudhary

“…This review gives insight into improvement strategies including the selection of natural high-methionine mutants, molecular modulation of maize seed storage proteins and target key enzymes for sulphur metabolism and its flux towards the methionine synthesis, expression of synthetic genes, modifying gene codon and promoters employing genetic engineering approaches to enhance its expression. …”
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The Complete Chloroplast Genome of Endangered Species <i>Stemona parviflora</i>: Insight into the Phylogenetic Relationship and Conservation Implications by Ran Wei, Qiang Li

“…Long repeat sequences and simple sequence repeat (SSR) were detected, and most SSR were distributed in the LSC region. Codon usage bias analyses revealed that the RSCU value of the genus <i>Stemona</i> has almost no difference. …”
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RNA-Seq Analysis of Trans-Differentiated ARPE-19 Cells Transduced by AAV9-AIPL1 Vectors by Alima Galieva, Alexander Egorov, Alexander Malogolovkin, Andrew Brovin, Alexander Karabelsky

“…Here, we present the results of the design, production, and in vitro testing of the AAV serotype 9 (AAV9) vector carrying the codon-optimized (co) copy of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein like-1 (<i>AIPL1</i>) as a possible treatment for LCA4. …”
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In silico designed novel multi-epitope mRNA vaccines against Brucella by targeting extracellular protein BtuB and LptD by Juan Shi, Yuejie Zhu, Zhengwei Yin, Yueyue He, Yujiao Li, Gulishati Haimiti, Xinru Xie, Ce Niu, Wenhong Guo, Fengbo Zhang

“…Computer simulations are also used to verify the immune response of the vaccine. The codon optimization, in silico cloning showed that the vaccine can efficiently transcript and translate in E. coli. …”
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Population genetic analyses unveiled genetic stratification and differential natural selection signatures across the G-gene of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus by Kiran Nigar, Sehrish Kakakhel, Asifullah Khan, Hizbullah Khan, Hizbullah Khan, Komal Zaib, Shaoqing Wen, Shaoqing Wen

“…In addition, differential or subpopulation cluster-specific natural selection signatures were identified across the G-gene codon sites among the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus isolates. …”
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Comparative Chloroplast Genome Analysis of Wax Gourd <i>(Benincasa hispida</i>) with Three Benincaseae Species, Revealing Evolutionary Dynamic Patterns and Phylogenetic Implication... by Weicai Song, Zimeng Chen, Li He, Qi Feng, Hongrui Zhang, Guilin Du, Chao Shi, Shuo Wang

“…Comparison analyses among <i>B. hispida</i> and three other species from Benincaseae presented a significant conversion regarding nucleotide content, genome structure, codon usage, synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions, putative RNA editing sites, microsatellites, and oligonucleotide repeats. …”
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Multiple Mechanisms Drive the Evolutionary Adaptation of <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> Effector Avr1 to Host Resistance by Lin-Lin Shen, Abdul Waheed, Yan-Ping Wang, Oswald Nkurikiyimfura, Zong-Hua Wang, Li-Na Yang, Jiasui Zhan

“…Nearly 80% of the 111 sequences had a point mutation in the 512th nucleotide (T512G), which generated a pre-termination stop codon truncating 38 amino acids in the C-terminal, suggesting that the C-terminal may not be essential to ecological and biological functions of <i>P. infestans.…”
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Comparative and phylogenetic analysis of Asparagus meioclados Levl. and Asparagus munitus Wang et S. C. Chen plastomes and utility of plastomes mutational hotspots by Yulu Tian, Xue Liu, Yuanjiang Xu, Benxia Yu, Le Wang, Xianyou Qu

“…In plastomes of A. meioclados and A. munitus, 14,685 and 14,987 codons were detected, among which 9942 and 10,207 had the relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) values higher than 1, respectively. …”
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Incidence and Distribution of New Renal Cell Carcinoma Cases: 27-Year Trends from a Statewide Cancer Registry by Ahmad N. Alzubaidi, Stephen Sekoulopoulos, Jonathan Pham, Vonn Walter, Jay G. Fuletra, Jay D. Raman

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Genome assembly of Medicago truncatula accession SA27063 provides insight into spring black stem and leaf spot disease resistance by Jacob R. Botkin, Andrew D. Farmer, Nevin D. Young, Shaun J. Curtin

“…In rnpm1, these include a loss-of-function in a disease resistance gene due to a premature stop codon, and a 10.85 kbp retrotransposon-like insertion disrupting a ubiquitin conjugating E2. …”
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A novel compound heterozygous mutation of COL6A3 in Chinese patients with isolated cervical dystonia by Rui Wu, Rui Wu, Weikang Dou, Huimin Zhou, Ming Shi

“…One allele had a c.1264G&gt;A mutation in exon 4 that resulted in an amino acid substitution of methionine for valine at codon 422 (p.Val422Met) and the other a c.8965+9G&gt;A mutation involving a splicing change in exon 40. …”
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Characterization of Firmiana danxiaensis plastomes and comparative analysis of Firmiana: insight into its phylogeny and evolution by Ya-li Li, Li-yun Nie, Shuang-wen Deng, Lei Duan, Zheng-feng Wang, Joseph L.M. Charboneau, Boon-Chuan Ho, Hong-feng Chen

“…While the genomes revealed higher biased codon preferences in Karst habitat than those in Danxia habitats. …”
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Prevalence of TP53 gene Pro72Arg (rs1042522) single nucleotide polymorphism among Egyptian breast cancer patients by Shaza Ahmed, Gehan Safwat, Mohamed M. Moneer, AbdelWahab El Ghareeb, Ahmed A. El Sherif, Samah A. Loutfy

“…However, Pro72Arg (rs1042522) at codon 72, shows contradictory results in terms of cancer risk. …”
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Recyclable CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene disruption and deletions in Histoplasma by Bastian Joehnk, Nebat Ali, Mark Voorhies, Keith Walcott, Anita Sil

“…Based on a system developed in Blastomyces, we adapted a CRISPR/Cas9 system to facilitate targeted gene disruption in Histoplasma with high efficiency. We express a codon-optimized version of Cas9 as well as guide RNAs from a single ectopic vector carrying a selectable marker. …”
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