One stone two birds: Biosynthesis of 3-hydroxypropionic acid from CO2 and syngas-derived acetic acid in Escherichia coli by Ningyu Lai, Yuanchan Luo, Peng Fei, Peng Hu, Hui Wu

“…In this study, acetic acid and CO2 were used as substrates for the biosynthesis of 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) in metabolically engineered Escherichia coli carrying heterogeneous acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Acc) from Corynebacterium glutamicum and codon-optimized malonyl-CoA reductase (MCR) from Chloroflexus aurantiacus. …”
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Case report: Gene mutations and clinical characteristics of four patients with osteopetrosis by Yu Chen, Yu Chen, Lina Zhou, Xianmin Guan, Xianhao Wen, Jie Yu, Ying Dou, Ying Dou

“…Patient 4 had a frameshift variant c.43delA(p.K15fs) and variant c.C1360T in TCIRG1, resulting in the formation of a premature termination codon (p.R454X), both of which were reported previously. …”
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High throughput assay for compounds that boost BDNF expression in neurons by Guey-Ying Liao, Haifei Xu, Justin Shumate, Louis Scampavia, Timothy Spicer, Baoji Xu

“…Here we report the generation of a new mouse Bdnf allele, BdnfNLuc, in which the sequence encoding nano luciferase (NLuc) is inserted into the Bdnf locus immediately before the stop codon so that the allele will produce a BDNF-NLuc fusion protein. …”
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<i>BrWAX3</i>, Encoding a β-ketoacyl-CoA Synthase, Plays an Essential Role in Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis in Chinese Cabbage by Shuangjuan Yang, Hao Tang, Xiaochun Wei, Yanyan Zhao, Zhiyong Wang, Henan Su, Liujing Niu, Yuxiang Yuan, Xiaowei Zhang

“…A 5567-bp insertion was identified in exon 1 of <i>BrCER60.A09</i> in SD369, which lead to a premature stop codon, thus causing a loss of function of the BrCER60.A09 enzyme. …”
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Beta-thalassemia mutation types and the relationship with the demographic factors in Sanliurfa, Turkey by Ebru Tuncez, Özlem Öz, Burcu Akıncı, Fatma Demir

“…The most common mutation is IVS-I-110 c.93-21 (G gt; A) (23.1%), which is followed by IVS-I-1 c.92 + 1 (G gt; A) (15.8%) and Codon 39 c.118 (C gt; T) (11.5%). One hundred and forty-two individuals (52.2%) had no sibling history, while 103 (37.9%) had one sibling and 27 (9.9%) had two siblings with thalassemia disorder. …”
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A DNA Vaccine Encoding the Full-Length Spike Protein of Beta Variant (B.1.351) Elicited Broader Cross-Reactive Immune Responses against Other SARS-CoV-2 Variants by Gan Zhao, Zhiyu Zhang, Yuan Ding, Jiawang Hou, Ying Liu, Mengying Zhang, Cheng Sui, Limei Wang, Xin Xu, Xiaoming Gao, Zhihua Kou

“…In this study, we designed several DNA constructs based on codon-optimized spike coding regions of several SARS-CoV-2 variants and analyzed their cross-reactive antibodies, including neutralizing antibodies, and cellular immune responses against several VOCs in C57BL/6 mice. …”
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N-Succinyltransferase Encoded by a Cryptic Siderophore Biosynthesis Gene Cluster in Streptomyces Modifies Structurally Distinct Antibiotics by Olha Schneider, Martin Zehl, Reiko Ueoka, Christian Rückert, Tobias Buche, Yi Jiang, Qin-Yuan Li, Jörn Piel, Sergey B. Zotchev

“…Scouting the genome for putative N-acyltransferase genes led to the identification of a candidate within a cryptic siderophore BGC (csb) encoding a putative homologue of the N6′-hydroxylysine acetyltransferase IucB. Expression of the codon-optimized gene designated csbC in Escherichia coli yielded the recombinant protein that was able to N-succinylate desertomycin A as well as several other structurally distinct antibiotics harboring amino groups. …”
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Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Betula platyphylla: gene organization, RNA editing, and comparative and phylogenetic analyses by Sui Wang, Chuanping Yang, Xiyang Zhao, Su Chen, Guan-Zheng Qu

“…For synonymous conversion, most of them increased the relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) value of the codons. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that B. platyphylla had a closer evolutionary relationship with B. pendula than B. nana. …”
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Effect of <i>ACTN3</i> Genotype on Sports Performance, Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage, and Injury Epidemiology by Gabriel Baltazar-Martins, Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín, Millán Aguilar-Navarro, Carlos Ruiz-Moreno, Victor Moreno-Pérez, Álvaro López-Samanes, Raúl Domínguez, Juan Del Coso

“…In this regard, the lack of a muscle protein due to a genetic polymorphism has been found to affect sport performance in a wide variety of ways. α-actinin-3 is a protein located within the skeletal muscle with a key role in the production of sarcomeric force. A common stop-codon polymorphism (rs1815739; R577X) in the gene that codes for α-actinin-3 (<i>ACTN3</i>) produces individuals with the XX genotype that lack expression of a functional α-actinin-3. …”
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Plastome comparative genomics in maples resolves the infrageneric backbone relationships by Fabiola Areces-Berazain, Yixi Wang, Damien D. Hinsinger, Joeri S. Strijk

“…We analyzed the distribution of different types of repeated sequences and the pattern of codon usage, and identified variable regions across the plastome. …”
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Comparative Analysis of Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Nine Species of <i>Litsea</i> (Lauraceae): Hypervariable Regions, Positive Selection, and Phylogenetic Relationships by Weicai Song, Zimeng Chen, Wenbo Shi, Weiqi Han, Qi Feng, Chao Shi, Michael S. Engel, Shuo Wang

“…High consistency patterns of codon bias, repeats, divergent analysis, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and insertions and deletions (InDels) were discovered across the genus. …”
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Deep-sequencing of viral genomes from a large and diverse cohort of treatment-naive HIV-infected persons shows associations between intrahost genetic diversity and viral load. by Migle Gabrielaite, Marc Bennedbæk, Malthe Sebro Rasmussen, Virginia Kan, Hansjakob Furrer, Robert Flisiak, Marcelo Losso, Jens D Lundgren, INSIGHT START Study Group, Rasmus L Marvig

“…<h4>Methods</h4>We analysed deep-sequenced viral genomes from 2,650 treatment-naive HIV-infected persons to measure the intrahost genetic diversity of 2,447 genomic codon positions as calculated by Shannon entropy. …”
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<i>HvGSK1.1</i> Controls Salt Tolerance and Yield through the Brassinosteroid Signaling Pathway in Barley by Yuliya Kloc, Marta Dmochowska-Boguta, Paulina Żebrowska-Różańska, Łukasz Łaczmański, Anna Nadolska-Orczyk, Wacław Orczyk

“…Most of the changes (frameshift, premature stop codon, and translation termination) resulted in the knock-out of the target gene. …”
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A novel XNA-based Luminex assay to detect UBA1 somatic mutations associated with VEXAS syndrome by Yunqing Ma, ShianPin Hu, Rui Ni, Wei Liu, Andrew Fu, Michael Sha, Aiguo Zhang, Chuanyi M. Lu

“…The three most frequent mutations are p.M41T(122T > C), p.M41V (c.121A > G), and p.M41L (c.121A > C) in codon 41 of exon 3. Currently, sanger sequencing was mainly used to detect these mutations, which has low sensitivity and low throughput. …”
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Clinical, Radiological, and Genetic Characterization of a Patient with a Novel Homoallelic Loss-of-Function Variant in <i>DNM1</i> by Ruqaiah AlTassan, Hanan AlQudairy, Rakan Alromayan, Abdullah Alfalah, Omar A. AlHarbi, Ana C. González-Álvarez, Stefan T. Arold, Namik Kaya

“…The variant is a deletion leading to a premature stop codon and is predicted to cause a protein truncation. …”
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Research for Cytomegalovirus Mutations Associated With Resistance to Antivirals in Kidney Transplant Receptors by Carla de Castro Sant’ Anna, Silvia Regina da Cruz Migone, Carlos Alberto Machado da Rocha, Fernando Augusto Rodrigues Mello Júnior, Aline Damasceno Seabra, Thaís Brilhante Pontes, João Marildo Rodrigues, Salomé Aparecida Soares, Viviane de Paiva Rego, Joana Paula Figueira, Ana Paula Monteiro Rodrigues, Rommel Mario Rodriguez Burbano

“…Resistance mutations in UL97 were identified, such as M460V, L595S, H520Q, two co-mutations D465R + Del524 and A594P + D413A and a 3 codon deletion (del598-601). The search for mutations in the CMV genes identified mutations that confer resistance to conventional antivirals, such as ganciclovir and cidofovir, used in the treatment of these patients. …”
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Keratin 14-dependent disulfides regulate epidermal homeostasis and barrier function via 14-3-3σ and YAP1 by Yajuan Guo, Catherine J Redmond, Krystynne A Leacock, Margarita V Brovkina, Suyun Ji, Vinod Jaskula-Ranga, Pierre A Coulombe

“…Here we report that knock-in mice harboring a cysteine-to-alanine substitution at Krt14’s codon 373 (C373A) exhibit alterations in disulfide-bonded K14 species and a barrier defect secondary to enhanced proliferation, faster transit time and altered differentiation in epidermis. …”
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Biochemical and Rapid Molecular Analyses to Identify Glyphosate Resistance in <i>Lolium</i> spp. by Maria Gerakari, Nikolina Cheimona, Eleni Tani, Ilias Travlos, Demosthenis Chachalis, Donato Loddo, Solvejg Kopp Mathiassen, Thomas K. Gitsopoulos, Laura Scarabel, Silvia Panozzo, Michael Kristensen, Per Kudsk, Maurizio Sattin

“…More specifically, in three <i>Lolium</i> spp. populations the existence of a mutation in the Pro-106 codon of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3 phosphate synthase (<i>EPSPS</i>) gene was investigated as well as the relative transcript levels of four <i>ABC-transporter</i> genes were monitored at three time points after glyphosate application. …”
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Rumen Protozoa Play a Significant Role in Fungal Predation and Plant Carbohydrate Breakdown by Cate L. Williams, Benjamin J. Thomas, Neil R. McEwan, Pauline Rees Stevens, Christopher J. Creevey, Sharon A. Huws

“…The most highly expressed carbohydrate-active enzymes were glycosyl hydrolases 5 and 11, polysaccharide lyases and deacetylases, xylanases and enzymes active against pectin, mannan and chitin; the latter likely used to digest rumen fungi which contain a chitin-rich cell membrane. Codon usage analysis of expressed genes also showed evidence of horizontal gene transfer, suggesting that many of these enzymes were acquired from the rumen bacteria in an evolutionary response to the carbohydrate-rich environment of the rumen. …”
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Bedaquiline- and clofazimine- selected Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutants: further insights on resistance driven largely by Rv0678 by J. Snobre, M. C. Villellas, N. Coeck, W. Mulders, O. Tzfadia, B. C. de Jong, K. Andries, L. Rigouts

“…Among the mutations leading to elevated MICs for BDQ and CFZ, we report a synonymous Val1Val mutation in the Rv0678 start codon. Finally, in silico characterization of Rv0678 mutations suggests that especially the C46R mutant may render Rv0678 less stable.…”
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