The complete mitochondrial genome of the Indian dammer bee, Tetragonula iridipennis, and the phylogenomics of Meliponini by Vadivelu Karuppaiah, Ankush S. Gadge, Dhananjay V. Shirsat, Parakkattu S. Soumia, Pawan Mainkar, Satish Kumar, Durgesh K. Jaiswal, Vijay Mahajan

“…Additionally, genome organization, including gene content, nucleotide composition, codon usage, and gene rearrangement, was investigated to better comprehend, utilize, and conserve this germplasm resource. …”
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The Helicobacter pylori single nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs associated with multiple therapy resistance in Colombia by Kevin Guzman, Lidia Montenegro, Alvaro Pazos, Alvaro Pazos

“…The most common mutations in the rdxA gene associated with metronidazole resistance were a stop codon, and mutations at D59N and D59S, resulting in a resistance rate of 99.3%. …”
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The Significance of Serum C-Reactive Protein and Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting the Diagnostic Outcomes of Renal Mass Biopsy Procedure by Aykut Colakerol, Sergen Sahin, Ramazan Omer Yazar, Mustafa Zafer Temiz, Emrah Yuruk, Engin Kandirali, Atilla Semercioz, Ahmet Yaser Muslumanoglu

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Predicting heterosis via genetic distance and the number of SNPs in selected segments of chromosomes in maize by Fuyan Jiang, Fuyan Jiang, XingFu Yin, Zi Wei Li, Ruijia Guo, Jing Wang, Jun Fan, Yudong Zhang, Manjit S. Kang, Xingming Fan

“…The objectives of this study were to 1) investigate if the numbers of selected PEUS SNPs (the SNP in the Promoters (1 kb upstream of the start codon), Exons, Untranslated region (UTR), and Stop codons) could be used for predicting MPH or BPH of GY; 2) if the number of PEUS SNPs is a better predictor of MPH and/or BPH of GY than genetic distance (GD). …”
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Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of <i>Fortunella venosa</i> (Champ. ex Benth.) C.C.Huang (Rutaceae): Comparative Analysis, Phylogenetic Relationships, and Robust Support for I... by Ting Wang, Ren-Ping Kuang, Xiao-Hui Wang, Xiao-Li Liang, Vincent Okelo Wanga, Ke-Ming Liu, Xiu-Zhen Cai, Guang-Wan Hu

“…In addition, there is a preference for codon usage with the non-coding regions being more conserved than the coding regions. …”
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High Production of LukMF’ in Staphylococcus aureus Field Strains Is Associated with Clinical Bovine Mastitis by Jurriaan Hoekstra, Victor Rutten, Laura Sommeling, Tine van Werven, Mirlin Spaninks, Birgitta Duim, Lindert Benedictus, Gerrit Koop

“…Analysis of their global toxin gene regulators revealed a point mutation in the Repressor of toxins (rot) gene which results in a non-functional start codon, preventing translation of rot. This mutation was only identified in high LukMF’ producing isolates and not in low LukMF’ producing isolates. …”
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Matrin3 regulates mitotic spindle dynamics by controlling alternative splicing of CDC14B by Bruna R. Muys, Roshan L. Shrestha, Dimitrios G. Anastasakis, Lorinc Pongor, Xiao Ling Li, Ioannis Grammatikakis, Ahsan Polash, Raj Chari, Myriam Gorospe, Curtis C. Harris, Mirit I. Aladjem, Munira A. Basrai, Markus Hafner, Ashish Lal

“…Matrin3 knockdown results in increased inclusion of an exon containing a premature termination codon in the CDC14B transcript and simultaneous down-regulation of the standard CDC14B transcript. …”
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Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for efficient production of recombinant proteins by Shuo Yang, Liyun Song, Jing Wang, Jianzhi Zhao, Hongting Tang, Xiaoming Bao

“…This review focuses on the strategies that enhance protein production by regulating transcription through promoter engineering, codon optimization, and expression system optimization. …”
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Reasons for misdiagnosis of polymyositis in patients with dysferlinopathy: a clinical case by S. N. Bardakov, A. М. Emelin, S. S. Nikitin, A. N. Khelkovskaya-Sergeeva, I. S. Limaev, A. F. Murtazina, V. A. Tsargush, M. V. Gusev, Ya. V. Safronova, V. S. Kaimonov, A. A. Isaev, R. V. Deev

“…When conducting an immunohistochemical reaction, the absence of the dysferlin protein in the sarcoplasmic membrane was revealed.Whole‑exome sequencing (NGS) revealed a mutation in exon 39 of the DYSF gene (p.Gln1428Ter) in the heterozygous state, which leads to the appearance of a stop codon and premature termination of protein translation. …”
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Clinical and haematological characteristics of 38 individuals with Hb G‐Makassar in Malaysia by Ezalia Esa, Ahmad Sabry Mohamad, Roszymah Hamzah, Faidatul Syazlin Abdul Hamid, Nur Aisyah Aziz, Veena Sevaratnam, Jameela Sathar, Guo Chen, Norafiza Mohd Yasin

“…Both have point mutations in codon 6, exon 1 in the β‐globin (HBB) gene with different pathogenicities. …”
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The majority of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Sub-Saharan Africa present a concomitant resistance to pyrazinamide by Géraldine Daneau, Mourad Gumusboga, Pim De Rijk, Arnaud Trebucq, Leen Rigouts, Armand Van Deun, Bouke C de Jong

“…Isolates presented 109 different profiles of mutations, including 73 occurring only once. Codon 12 was most frequently affected (15 isolates), including 10 isolates with Asp12Ala. …”
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An Alternative Splice Variant of HIPK2 with Intron Retention Contributes to Cytokinesis by Veronica Gatti, Manuela Ferrara, Ilaria Virdia, Silvia Matteoni, Laura Monteonofrio, Simona di Martino, Maria Grazia Diodoro, Giuliana Di Rocco, Cinzia Rinaldo, Silvia Soddu

“…This novel splice variant lacks the last two exons and retains intron13 with a stop codon after 89 bp of the intron, generating a short isoform, HIPK2-S, that is detectable by 2D Western blots. …”
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Novel Splicing Mutation in <i>MTM1</i> Leading to Two Abnormal Transcripts Causes Severe Myotubular Myopathy by Luca Bosco, Daniela Leone, Laura Costa Comellas, Mauro Monforte, Marika Pane, Eugenio Mercuri, Enrico Bertini, Adele D’Amico, Fabiana Fattori

“…The first aberrant transcript, induced by the activation of a cryptic splice site in intron 11, includes four intronic nucleotides upstream of exon 12, resulting in a shift in the transcript reading frame and introducing a new premature stop codon in the catalytic domain of the protein (p.Arg421SerfsTer7). …”
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Genetic labeling reveals spatial and cellular expression pattern of neuregulin 1 in mouse brain by Chen-Yun Ding, Yan-Ting Ding, Haifeng Ji, Yao-Yi Wang, Xinwen Zhang, Dong-Min Yin

“…Methods Here we used CRISPR/Cas9 techniques to generate a knockin mouse line (Nrg1Cre/+) that expresses a P2A-Cre cassette right before the stop codon of Nrg1 gene. Since Cre recombinase and Nrg1 are expressed in the same types of cells in Nrg1Cre/+ mice, the Nrg1 expression pattern can be revealed through the Cre-reporting mice or adeno-associated virus (AAV) that express fluorescent proteins in a Cre-dependent way. …”
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A large population sample of African HIV genomes from the 1980s reveals a reduction in subtype D over time associated with propensity for CXCR4 tropism by Heather E. Grant, Sunando Roy, Rachel Williams, Helena Tutill, Bridget Ferns, Patricia A. Cane, J. Wilson Carswell, Deogratius Ssemwanga, Pontiano Kaleebu, Judith Breuer, Andrew J. Leigh Brown

“…Lastly, we find a subtype D specific codon deletion at position 24 of the V3 loop, which may explain the higher propensity for subtype D to utilise X4 tropism.…”
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The first two whole mitochondrial genomes for the genus Dactylis species: assembly and comparative genomics analysis by Guangyan Feng, Yongjuan Jiao, Huizhen Ma, Haoyang Bian, Gang Nie, Linkai Huang, Zheni Xie, Qifan Ran, Wenwen Fan, Wei He, Xinquan Zhang

“…Further, our mitochondrial genome characteristics investigation of the genus Dactylis included codon usage, sequences repeats, RNA editing and selective pressure. …”
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Molecular understanding of unusual HbE-β+-thalassemia with Hb phenotype similar to HbE heterozygote: simple and rapid differentiation using HbE levels by Wittaya Jomoui, Surada Satthakarn, Sitthichai Panyasai

“…Two rare α-thalassemia mutations (Cap +14(C>G) and initiation codon (ATG>-TG)) of α2-globin genes were identified. …”
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System-Wide Analysis of the GATC-Binding Nucleoid-Associated Protein Gbn and Its Impact on Streptomyces Development by Chao Du, Joost Willemse, Amanda M. Erkelens, Victor J. Carrion, Remus T. Dame, Gilles P. van Wezel

“…Exceptions are SCO1311 and SCOt32, for a tRNA editing enzyme and a tRNA that recognizes the rare leucine codon CUA, respectively, which nearly exclusively bound during vegetative growth. …”
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Yeast eIF2A has a minimal role in translation initiation and uORF-mediated translational control in vivo by Swati Gaikwad, Fardin Ghobakhlou, Hongen Zhang, Alan G Hinnebusch

“…Initiating translation of most eukaryotic mRNAs depends on recruitment of methionyl initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) in a ternary complex (TC) with GTP-bound eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) to the small (40S) ribosomal subunit, forming a 43S preinitiation complex (PIC) that attaches to the mRNA and scans the 5′-untranslated region (5′ UTR) for an AUG start codon. Previous studies have implicated mammalian eIF2A in GTP-independent binding of Met-tRNAi to the 40S subunit and its recruitment to specialized mRNAs that do not require scanning, and in initiation at non-AUG start codons, when eIF2 function is attenuated by phosphorylation of its α-subunit during stress. …”
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Triamterene Functions as an Effective Nonsense Suppression Agent for MPS I-H (Hurler Syndrome) by Amna Siddiqui, Halil Dundar, Jyoti Sharma, Aneta Kaczmarczyk, Josh Echols, Yanying Dai, Chuanxi Richard Sun, Ming Du, Zhong Liu, Rui Zhao, Tim Wood, Shalisa Sanders, Lynn Rasmussen, James Robert Bostwick, Corinne Augelli-Szafran, Mark Suto, Steven M. Rowe, David M. Bedwell, Kim M. Keeling

“…This new function of triamterene operates through premature termination codon (PTC) dependent mechanisms that are unaffected by epithelial sodium channel activity, the target of triamterene’s diuretic function. …”
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