Development of specific monoclonal antibodies for the detection of natural chicken tumor necrosis factor-alpha by Yi Yang, Yining Meng, Lina Chen, Maoli Dong, Huining Zhang, Ji Wu, Xiaoli Hao, Shuangjiang He, Yunfei Tian, Zaicheng Gong, Shaobin Shang

“…In this study, the extracellular domain of chTNF-α was cloned into prokaryotic vector after codon optimization and recombinant chTNF-α protein was expressed. …”
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Molecular analysis of pyrazinamide resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Vietnam highlights the high rate of pyrazinamide resistance-associated mutations in clinical isolates... by Nguyen Quang Huy, Contamin Lucie, Tran Thi Thanh Hoa, Nguyen Van Hung, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Lan, Nguyen Thai Son, Nguyen Viet Nhung, Dang Duc Anh, Bañuls Anne-Laure, Nguyen Thi Van Anh

“…Among the 16 novel mutations, 14 are likely to be linked to PZA resistance because of their mutation types or codon positions. Genotype analysis revealed that PZA resistance can emerge in any M. tuberculosis cluster or family, although the mutation frequency was the highest in Beijing family isolates (47.7%, 62 out of 130 isolates). …”
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Screening chimeric GAA variants in preclinicalstudy results in hematopoietic stem cell genetherapy candidate vectors for Pompe disease by Yildirim Dogan, Cecilia N. Barese, Jeffrey W. Schindler, John K. Yoon, Zeenath Unnisa, Swaroopa Guda, Mary E. Jacobs, Christine Oborski, Tim Maiwald, Diana L. Clarke, Axel Schambach, Richard Pfeifer, Claudia Harper, Chris Mason, Niek P. van Til

“…Lentiviral vector-mediated hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) gene therapy was investigated in a Pompe mouse model using a clinically relevant promoter driving nine engineered GAA coding sequences incorporating distinct peptide tags and codon optimizations. Vectors solely including glycosylation-independent lysosomal targeting tags enhanced secretion and improved reduction of glycogen, myofiber, and CNS vacuolation in key tissues, although GAA enzyme activity and protein was consistently lower compared with native GAA. …”
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Epidemiology and Evolution of Emerging Porcine Circovirus-like Viruses in Pigs with Hemorrhagic Dysentery and Diarrhea Symptoms in Central China from 2018 to 2021 by Kankan Yang, Menghuan Zhang, Qi Liu, Yingli Cao, Wuyin Zhang, Yueqiao Liang, Xiangjun Song, Kaiyuan Ji, Ying Shao, Kezong Qi, Jian Tu

“…The PR2 plot, ENC-plot and neutrality analysis showed a greater role of natural selection than that of mutational pressure in the formation of codon usage patterns. This study is the first to identify PCLV in sows with hemorrhagic dysentery and death, and it provides new epidemiological information on PCLV infection in pigs in China.…”
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Novel alleles in the era of next-generation sequencing-based HLA typing calls for standardization and policy by Jenny N. Tran, Karen R. Sherwood, Ahmed Mostafa, Rey Vincent Benedicto, Allaa ElaAlim, Anna Greenshields, Paul Keown, Robert Liwski, James H. Lan

“…All novelties were single nucleotide polymorphisms, where more than half led to an amino acid change, and one resulted in a premature stop codon. Missense mutations were evaluated for changes in their amino acid properties to assess the potential effect on the novel HLA protein. …”
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GDAP1 Involvement in Mitochondrial Function and Oxidative Stress, Investigated in a Charcot-Marie-Tooth Model of hiPSCs-Derived Motor Neurons by Federica Miressi, Nesrine Benslimane, Frédéric Favreau, Marion Rassat, Laurence Richard, Sylvie Bourthoumieu, Cécile Laroche, Laurent Magy, Corinne Magdelaine, Franck Sturtz, Anne-Sophie Lia, Pierre-Antoine Faye

“…At mRNA level, we observed that, in normal subjects, <i>GDAP1</i> is mainly expressed in motor neurons, while it is drastically reduced in the patient’s cells containing a premature termination codon (PTC), probably degraded by the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) system. …”
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Cell-Free Systems Enable the Production of AB₅ Toxins for Diagnostic Applications by Franziska Ramm, Lena Jack, Danny Kaser, Jeffrey L. Schloßhauer, Anne Zemella, Stefan Kubick

“…Further, we performed a mutational analysis of the CtxA subunit as its template was modified, and an amber stop codon was inserted into CtxA’s active site. Subsequently, a non-canonical amino acid was site-specifically incorporated using bio-orthogonal systems. …”
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Anticipation, anti-glaucoma drug treatment response and phenotype of a Chinese family with glaucoma caused by the Pro370Leu myocilin mutation by Chun-Mei Li, Yue-Hong Zhang, Rong-Hua Ye, Chang-Xian Yi, Yi-Min Zhong, Dan Cao, Xing Liu

“…Mutation screening indentified a heterozygous C→T missense mutation in the MYOC gene at position 1 109 in exon 3, corresponding to a substitution of a highly conserved proline to leucine at codon 370 in the olfactomedin domain of MYOC.<b>CONCLUSION:</b> The clinical characteristics of JOAG in this family were 1) genetics anticipation; 2) high IOP; 3) temporay response to anti-glaucoma drugs; 4) filtering surgery produced thin-walled and saccate filtering blebs, helping maintain lower IOP.…”
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Genetic Characterization of Some Saudi Arabia’s Accessions from <i>Commiphora gileadensis</i> Using Physio-Biochemical Parameters, Molecular Markers, DNA Barcoding Analysis and Rel... by Fatmah Ahmed Safhi, Salha Mesfer ALshamrani, Areej Saud Jalal, Diaa Abd El-Moneim, Amal A. Alyamani, Amira A. Ibrahim

“…Genetic characterization was carried out using physio-biochemical parameters, molecular markers (inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and start codon targeted (SCoT)), DNA barcoding (18 S rRNA and ITS rDNA regions), relative gene expressions (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1 (PAL1), defensin (PR-12)) and pathogenesis-related protein (AFPRT). …”
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Antibody fragments functionalized with non-canonical amino acids preserving structure and functionality - A door opener for new biological and therapeutic applications by Hana Hanaee-Ahvaz, Monika Cserjan-Puschmann, Florian Mayer, Christopher Tauer, Bernd Albrecht, Paul G. Furtmüller, Birgit Wiltschi, Rainer Hahn, Gerald Striedner

“…Therefore, FTN2Azk variants with different Azk incorporation sites were designed and amber codon suppression was used for production. The functionalized FTN2Azk variants were efficiently produced in fed-batch like μ-bioreactor cultivations in the periplasm of E. coli displaying correct structure and antigen binding affinities comparable to those of wild-type FTN2. …”
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Phenotypic resistance not associated with knockdown mutations (kdr) in Anopheles albimanus exposed to deltamethrin in southern coastal Ecuador by Sebasthian Real-Jaramillo, Juan J. Bustillos, Ana L. Moncayo, Marco Neira, Leonardo Fárez, Efraín Beltrán, Sofía Ocaña-Mayorga

“…Sequencing the voltage gated sodium channel gene (VGSC) sought knockdown mutations (kdr) in codons 1010, 1013 and 1014 associated with resistance. …”
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Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) Analysis of Seed Protein and Oil Content in Wild Soybean (<i>Glycine soja</i>) by Woon Ji Kim, Byeong Hee Kang, Chang Yeok Moon, Sehee Kang, Seoyoung Shin, Sreeparna Chowdhury, Man-Soo Choi, Soo-Kwon Park, Jung-Kyung Moon, Bo-Keun Ha

“…Based on these results, two genes, <i>Glyma.20g088000</i> (S-adenosyl-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-methionine-dependent methyltransferases) and <i>Glyma.20g088400</i> (oxidoreductase, 2-oxoglutarate-Fe(II) oxygenase family protein), in which the amino acid sequence had changed and a stop codon was generated due to an InDel in the exon region, were identified.…”
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Genome mining reveals abiotic stress resistance genes in plant genomes acquired from microbes via HGT by Liangzhi Li, Liangzhi Li, Shuguang Peng, Zhenhua Wang, Teng Zhang, Teng Zhang, Teng Zhang, Hongguang Li, Yansong Xiao, Jingjun Li, Yongjun Liu, Huaqun Yin, Huaqun Yin

“…Deep-learning-based protein structure prediction and analyses, in combination with expression assessment based on codon adaption index (CAI) further corroborated the functionality and expressivity of the HGT genes in plant genomes. …”
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Identification of a metastatic lung adenocarcinoma of the palate mucosa through genetic and histopathological analysis: a rare case report and literature review by Masanobu Abe, Kousuke Watanabe, Aya Shinozaki-Ushiku, Tetsuo Ushiku, Takahiro Abe, Yuko Fujihara, Yosuke Amano, Liang Zong, Cheng-Ping Wang, Emi Kubo, Ryoko Inaki, Naoya Kinoshita, Satoshi Yamashita, Daiya Takai, Toshikazu Ushijima, Takahide Nagase, Kazuto Hoshi

“…Furthermore, an additional examination demonstrated an oncogenic KRAS mutation at codon 12 (p.G12D) in both palate tumor and in pleural effusion. …”
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Phylogenomics and plastome evolution of Indigofera (Fabaceae) by Sheng-Mao Zhou, Fang Wang, Si-Yuan Yan, Zhang-Ming Zhu, Xin-Fen Gao, Xue-Li Zhao

“…The species pairwise Ka/Ks ratios showed values lower than 1, and 13 genes with significant posterior probabilities for codon sites were identified in the positive selection analysis using the branch-site model, eight of which were associated with photosynthesis. …”
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Molecular Characteristics and Promoter Analysis of Porcine <i>COL1A1</i> by Guangming Xiang, Lei Huang, Xiuling Zhang, Nan Wang, Hui Wang, Yulian Mu, Kui Li, Zhiguo Liu

“…In the luciferase assay, the upstream 294 bp region of the initiation codon of <i>COL1A1</i> showed the highest activity, confirming that this section is the core region of the porcine <i>COL1A1</i> promoter. …”
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Comparative Mitogenome Analyses Uncover Mitogenome Features and Phylogenetic Implications of the Parrotfishes (Perciformes: Scaridae) by Jiaxin Gao, Chunhou Li, Dan Yu, Teng Wang, Lin Lin, Yayuan Xiao, Peng Wu, Yong Liu

“…The PCGs showed similar codon usage, and all of them underwent a strong purifying selection. …”
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In Vitro Activity of Cefiderocol on Multiresistant Bacterial Strains and Genomic Analysis of Two Cefiderocol Resistant Strains by Michela Padovani, Anna Bertelli, Silvia Corbellini, Giorgio Piccinelli, Francesca Gurrieri, Maria Antonia De Francesco

“…Furthermore, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we described two <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> isolates that synthesize a truncated fecA protein due to the transition from G to A, leading to a premature stop codon in the amino acid position 569, and a TonB protein carrying a 4-amino acid insertion (PKPK) after Lysine 103. …”
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Multidrug-Resistant <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Strains: A Five-Year Surveillance Study and Its Genome Characteristics by Asif Sukri, Alfizah Hanafiah, Hamidah Yusoff, Nur Atiqah Shamsul Nizam, Zarith Nameyrra, Zhiqin Wong, Raja Affendi Raja Ali

“…Resistance to both clarithromycin and metronidazole were most frequently observed in isolates with dual resistance (56.5%; 13/23). Codon substitutions in penicillin-binding protein 1A (V346L, V374L, G595_V596InsG, Y604H, and N608S) were detected in amoxicillin-resistance <i>H. pylori</i> strains. …”
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Systemic γ-sarcoglycan AAV gene transfer results in dose-dependent correction of muscle deficits in the LGMD 2C/R5 mouse model by Young-Eun Seo, Stephen H. Baine, Amber N. Kempton, Oliver C. Rogers, Sarah Lewis, Kaitlin Adegboye, Alex Haile, Danielle A. Griffin, Ellyn L. Peterson, Eric R. Pozsgai, Rachael A. Potter, Louise R. Rodino-Klapac

“…We designed a self-complementary rAAVrh74 vector containing a codon-optimized human SGCG transgene driven by the muscle-specific MHCK7 promoter (SRP-9005) to investigate adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated SGCG gene transfer in SGCG−/− mice as proof of principle for LGMD 2C/R5. …”
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