The complete mitochondrial genome analysis of Eristalis tenax (Diptera, Syrphidae) by Xiaoli Li, Shuangmei Ding, Xin Li, Peng Hou, Chufei Tang, Ding Yang

“…Most PCGs start with standard ATN codons, while CO1 and ND1 use TTG, CO3 uses TGG as start codons. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Poecilocoris druraei (Linnaeus, 1771) (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) and its phylogenetic implications by Yi Liu, Zhihang Zhuo, Rui Fang, Baoxin Wang, Zhaolong Wang, Guyue Xiao, Shengxia Xiang, Danping Xu

“…Most PCGs used standard ATG start codons and complete TAA ermination codons. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that P. druraei is closed related with P. nepalensis.…”
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Mitochondrial genome sequence from Anthocoris kerzhneri (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and phylogenetic analysis by Xinxin Li, Nan Song, Haoguang Meng

“…All protein-coding genes begin with the typical ATN codons and end with TAA or TAG codons. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the Reduviidae and Anthocoridae were polyphyletic groups. …”
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Elongation factor P controls translation of the mgtA gene encoding a Mg2+ transporter during Salmonella infection by Eunna Choi, Daesil Nam, Jeongjoon Choi, Shinae Park, Jung‐Shin Lee, Eun‐Jin Lee

“…EF‐P's effect on mgtA translation is dependent on the 550th and 551st proline codons in the coding region and thus substitution of those proline codons eliminates EF‐P‐mediated control of MgtA protein without affecting the Mg2+‐transporting activity of the mgtA gene. …”
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Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of a nematode species, Caenorhabditis tribulationis (Nematoda, Rhabditidae) by Yuheng Liu, Zhang Jingjing, Chao Li

“…All genes were unidirectionally transcribed on the same strand, typical for other nematode mitogenomes. 9 PCGs were initiated by typical ATN codons, except for NAD2, CYTB and NAD4, which were start with TTG codons. …”
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Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Guizhou province by Xin Zhou

“…The protein-coding genes have typical ATN (Met) initiation codons and are terminated by typical TAN stop codons.…”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Limassolla lingchuanensis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) by Xiaowei Yuan, Kangning Xiong, Can Li, Yuehua Song

“…ATN and TTG were initiation codons, and TAA, TAG, and T were termination codons. …”
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The detection of pfcrt and pfmdr1 point mutations as molecular markers of chloroquine drug resistance, Pahang, Malaysia by Atroosh, W.M., Al-Mekhlafi, H.M., Mahdy, M.A.K., Surin, J.

“…This study aims to investigate the presence of single point mutations in the P. falciparum chloroquine-resistance transporter gene (pfcrt) at codons 76, 271, 326, 356 and 371 and in P. falciparum multi-drug resistance-1 gene (pfmdr1) at codons 86 and 1246, as molecular markers of CQ resistance…”
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A complete mitogenome of the Przewalski’s Wonder Gecko (Teratoscincus przewalskii) from the Junggar Basin in Northwest China with its phylogenetic implications by Jun Li, Xianguang Guo

“…The 13 PCGs contain four start codons (ATG, GTG, ATA, and ATC), three complete stop codons (TAA, TAG, and AGG), and two incomplete stop codons (T–, TA-). …”
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Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Aulacophora indica (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) from Zhijiang by Hui Wang, Yu Bai, Guoyong Li, Jianlin Luo, Can Li

“…The protein-coding genes have typical ATN (Met) initiation codons and are terminated by typical TAN stop codons.…”
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Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Oryzaephilus surinamensis Linne (Insecta: Coleoptera: Silvanidae) from Xichuan by Sheng Liang, Yu Bai, Jun Chen, Bocheng Ouyang

“…The protein-coding genes have typical ATN (Met) initiation codons and are terminated by typical TAN stop codons.…”
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Nearly complete mitochondrial genome of Trichiosoma vitellina Linné, 1760 (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae): sequencing and phylogenetic analysis by Yaping Chen, Meicai Wei, Huilin Yang, Hannan Wang, Gengyun Niu

“…All PCGs use standard ATN as start codons, and most PCGs have complete TAN as stop codons. …”
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Evidence for selection on SARS-CoV-2 RNA translation revealed by the evolutionary dynamics of mutations in UTRs and CDSs by Lin Zhu, Qi Wang, Weiyu Zhang, Hao Hu, Kexin Xu

“…This trend fades away with increasing distance to start codons. Mutations decreasing GC content near start codons would unravel the complex RNA structure and facilitate translation initiation, which are beneficial to SARS-CoV-2, and vice versa. …”
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Hyper-Chaotic Color Image Encryption Based on Transformed Zigzag Diffusion and RNA Operation by Duzhong Zhang, Lexing Chen, Taiyong Li

“…Finally, the diffused image is converted to RNA codons array and updated through RNA codons tables, which are generated by codons and the third pseudo-random matrix. …”
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Complete mitochondrial genome of the freshwater water flea Daphnia magna NIES strain (Cladocera, Daphniidae): Rearrangement of two ribosomal RNA genes by Jin-Sol Lee, Duck-Hyun Kim, Beom-Soon Choi, Yasuhiko Kato, Hajime Watanabe, Jae-Seong Lee

“…Of 13 PGCs, four genes (CO1, CO2, ND5, and ND4) had incomplete stop codons. Furthermore, the stop codons of the remaining nine PGCs were TAG and TAA, while the start codons of CO1, ND6, and ND3 genes were ATT, ATT, and ATC, respectively. …”
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Drug resistance and heterogeneous long-term virologic responses of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected subjects to zidovudine and didanosine combination therapy by Shafer, R, Iversen, A, Winters, M, Aguiniga, E, Katzenstein, D, Merigan, T

“…Zidovudine resistance occurred with RT mutations at codons 41, 67, 70, 215, and 219. Multidrug resistance occurred with mutations at codons 62, 75, 77, 116, and 151. …”

Maximum likelihood approach suggests positive selection in platelet integrin αIIbβ3 in mammalian species by Luís Bernardo Pina-Cabral, Miguel Carneiro, Begoña Criado, Pedro José Esteves

“…Here, we addressed this question using maximum likelihood approaches to identify codons that are evolving under positive selection. …”
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Mitogenomic features of the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) and the related mitogenomic phylogeny by Hong-Ling Liu, Zhi-Teng Chen, Song Chen, Qing-Dong Chen, De-Qiang Pu, Yue-Yue Liu, Xu Liu

“…Most PCGs had standard ATN start codons and TAN stop codons. Most tRNA genes exhibited typical cloverleaf secondary structures, whereas the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm of trnSer (AGN) was reduced. …”
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Complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic position of Filchneria songi in Perlodidae (Insecta: Plecoptera) by Xin-Tong Li, Zhi-Teng Chen

“…Most PCGs use standard start codons and ended with complete stop codons. The phylogenetic analysis supported that F. songi was closely related with species of Perlodes Banks, .…”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of a sawfly species, Analcellicampa danfengensis (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) by Hongling Liu, Qingdong Chen, Yueyue Liu, Deqiang Pu, Zhiteng Chen, Xu Liu

“…All PCGs use standard ATN as start codons and most PCGs has complete TAN as stop codons. …”
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