Complete mitochondrial genome and the phylogenetic position of the Sphaeroma sp. (Crustacea, Isopod, Sphaeromatidae) by Mingliu Yang, Tingwei Gao, Ding Hui, Xiao Chen, Wenai Liu

“…The nucleotide composition was 25.80% A, 16.56% C, 25.94% G and 31.67% T. Six initiation codons (ATA, ATC, ATG, ATT, ACG, GTG) and three termination codons (TAA, TAG, TA–) were used in the protein-coding genes. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) by Wen-Jia Yang, Kang-Kang Xu, Xiao-Ye Zhu, Chun-Xu Chen, Xing-Ying Cai, Yu Cao, Yong-Lu Meng, Hong Yang, Can Li

“…ATG, ATA, ATT, ATC, TTG were initiation codons and TAA, TAG, T were termination codons. All 22 tRNA genes were predicted with a typical cloverleaf structure except for trnS1 (AGN). …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of the Argentine red shrimp Pleoticus muelleri (Bate, 1888) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Solenoceridae) by Nack-Keun Kim, Jobaidul Alam, Gyung Ryul Kim, Sapto Andriyono, Hyun Park, Hyun-Woo Kim

“…Its mitogenome (16,189 bp) encoded the canonical 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes. Start codons of all protein-coding genes were ATN except for ATP8, while incomplete stop codons (T–) were identified in six genes including COXI, COXII, COXIII, NAD3, NAD5, and NAD6. …”
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Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the Northern Mud Gudgeon, Ophiocara porocephala (Perciformes: Eleotridae) with phylogenetic implications by Muhammad Hilman Fu’adil Amin, Soo Rin Lee, Bambang Irawan, Sapto Andriyono, Hyun-Woo Kim

“…A complete circular mitogenome of O. porocephala (16,529 bp) consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs, and two non-coding regions, including a control region (D-loop) and a light strand origin of replication (OL). Two start codons (ATG and GTG) and four stop codons (TAG, TAA, TA–, and T–) were used in all the PCGs. …”
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Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome from Rock Scallop (Crassadoma gigantea) using next-generation sequencing by Dejie Liao, Ying Zhou, Jingou Tong, Shanmao Cao, Xiaomu Yu, Beide Fu, Dazuo Yang

“…Gene annotations, including gene order, genetic code, start and stop codons and codons bias, were identified. Phylogenetic tree was constructed using Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method based on the PCGs showed the present species clustered within the Pteriomorphia clade. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Sinopodisma hengshanica (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and its phylogenetic implication by Ran Li, Meng Jiao, Yujian Li, Lina Jiang

“…All PCGs are initiated by typical ATN codons, and terminated with harboring complete stop codons TAA and TAG. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Corythoxestis sunosei (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) with phylogenetic consideration by Zhu-Ting Zhang, Jing Li, Dao-Chao Jin

“…ATG, ATT, CGA were initiation codons and TAA and T were termination codons. All the 22 tRNAs displayed a common cloverleaf secondary structure, except for trnS1 which lacked the dihydrouracil (DHU) arm. …”
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The complete mitogenome of Paratanakia chii (Cypriniformes; Cyprinidae) by Haixia Zhang, Dan Zhao, Chang Hu, Wenli Duan, Hang Chu, Zhangjie Chu

“…The majority of PCGs have AT- (Met) start codons and TA- end codons. The A + T contents of the genome, PCGs, transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are 56.92%, 58.07%, 56.34%, and 54.21%, respectively. …”
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A new integrated symmetrical table for genetic codes by Shu, Jian-Jun

“…Degeneracy is a salient feature of genetic codes, because there are more codons than amino acids. The conventional table for genetic codes suffers from an inability of illustrating a symmetrical nature among genetic base codes. …”
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Isolation and characterisation of major histocompatibility complex gene class I and II in Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus Desmarest) by Ismail, Nurul Adilah

“…This study characterise the MHC peptide-binding region (PBR) of the MHC class I and II gene in Malayan tapir by isolating the DNA, amplify the targeted region by PCR, cloning and sequencing; investigate if there is evidence of balancing selection by calculating the rate of non-synonymous (dN) and synonymous (dS) substitutions using MEGA and PAML and study its relationship with homologous genes of other species based on phylogenetic tree construction alongside two DRA, two DQA, three DRB and three DQB of class II alleles were evidence of selection with dN /dS > 1. A total of 24 codons within exon 2 DRB gene were found to be under selection with ten of the codons under positive selection sites (PSS) are part of the codons forming the Antigen Binding Site (ABS). …”
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Characterization of the complete mitogenome of brown-spotted locust, Cyrtacanthacris tatarica (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Cyrtacanthacridinae) by Ran Li, Lina Jiang, Yujian Li

“…All PCGs used standard ATN initiation codons, and most PCGs were terminated with complete codons (TAA/TAG), apart from cox1 and nad5. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Smaragdina nigrifrons (Coleoptera: Eumolpidae): characterization and phylogenetic position by Wen-Jia Yang, Shu-Yan Yan, Dao-Chao Jin

“…All 13 PCGs are initiated with the typical ATN codons, and are terminated with either the complete TAA/TAG codons or a single T residue. …”
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Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Inara alboguttata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) by Siyu Gong, Fan Song, Hu Li

“…Protein-coding genes all initiate with ATN codons and most of them terminate with TAA or TAG codons, whereas COI, ND3, and ND5 use a single T residue. …”
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The complete mitogenome of the Roman snail Helix pomatia Linnaeus 1758 (Stylommatophora: Helicidae) by D. S. J. Groenenberg, E. Duijm

“…All protein coding genes could be annotated with proper start and stop codons (no completion of stop codons by polyadenylation). …”
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Effects of Trypanosoma brucei tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetases silencing by RNA interference by Liliana Torcoroma García, Ney Ribeiro Leite, Juan D Alfonzo, Otavio Henrique Thiemann

“…To allow decoding of the mitochondrial UGA codons as tryptophan, the tRNA Trp(CCA) anticodon is changed to UCA by an editing event. …”
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Complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of Argiope perforata (Araneae: Araneidae) by Wen-Jia Yang, Kang-Kang Xu, Yan Liu, Da-Xing Yang, Can Li

“…ATT, ATA, TTA, TTG were initiation codons and TAA, TAG, and T were termination codons. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of the Capsaloides cristatus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea), a pathogen of the sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) by Changping Yang, Yan Liu, Binbin Shan, Gongjun Zhang, Yu Zhao, Dianrong Sun, Wei Yu

“…There were two kinds of start codons (ATG and GTG) and three kinds of terminated codons (TAA, TAG and TGA) in the 12 protein-coding genes. …”
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Complete mitochondrial genome and the phylogenetic position of the stellate puffer (Arothron stellatus) by Wei-Feng Chen, Xin Peng, Yue Yu, Can-Min Yang, Xiao Chen, Jun Zhao, Junjie Wang

“…In the protein-coding genes, two start codons (GTG and ATG) and two stop codons (TAG and TAA/TA/T) were found. …”
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Complete mitochondrial genome and the phylogenetic position of a wood-boring Isopod Sphaeroma terebrans (Crustacea, Isopod, Sphaeromatidae) by Mingliu Yang, Tingwei Gao, Bing Yan, Xiao Chen, Wenai Liu

“…The overall base composition was 30.1% A, 14.9% C, 21.3% G, and 33.7% T. Six start codons (ATA, ATC, ATG, ATT, ACG, GTG) and three stop codons (TAA, TAG, T–) were found in the protein-coding genes. …”
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Complete mitochondrial genome of Pseudoechthistatus hei (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) and its phylogenetic analysis by Yu Bai, Lin Ye, Kang Yang, Hui Wang

“…The PCGs initiated with the typical ATN (Met) start codons, and were terminated by typical TAN stop codons. …”
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