Complete mitochondrial genome of a predominant parasitoid, Necremnus tutae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) of the South American tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) by Xiao-Cao Tian, Xiao-Qing Xian, Gui-Fen Zhang, Cristina Castañé, Jörg Romeis, Fang-Hao Wan, Yi-Bo Zhang

“…ATA, ATT, ATG were initiation codons and TAA and T were termination codons. All the 22 tRNAs displayed a typical cloverleaf secondary structure, except for trnS1 and trnR which lacked the dihydrouracil (DHU) arm. …”
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Molecular characterisation of rifampicin-resistant <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> strains from Malawi by Tarsizio Chikaonda, Irene Ketseoglou, Nelson Nguluwe, Robert Krysiak, Isaac Thengolose, Felix Nyakwawa, Nora E. Rosenberg, Christopher Stanley, James Mpunga, Irving F. Hoffman, Maria A. Papathanasopoulos, Mina Hosseinipour, Lesley Scott, Wendy Stevens

“…Results: Mutations were found in 37/43 (86%) of the resistant isolates in codons 511, 512, 513,516, 522, 526 and 531. The most common mutations were in codons 526 (38%), 531 (29.7%) and 516 (16.2%). …”
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Genetic Code Expansion and a Photo-Cross-Linking Reaction Facilitate Ribosome Display Selections for Identifying a Wide Range of Affinity Peptides by Takuto Furuhashi, Kensaku Sakamoto, Akira Wada

“…However, conventional techniques have difficulties associated with the translational termination through in-frame UAG stop codons and the amplification of non-specific peptides, which hinders the desirable selection of low-affinity peptides. …”
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Mutations in the rpoB gene of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in Brazil and France by S Spindola de Miranda, AL Kritski, I Filliol, C Mabilat, G Panteix, E Drouet

“…Among French resistant strains mutations were found in codons 531 (31.2%), 526, 513 and 533 (18.7% each). …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Neoscona multiplicans (Chamberlin, 1924) (Araneae: Araneidae) by Kangkang Xu, Wenjia Yang, Daxing Yang, Can Li

“…ATT, ATA, TTA, TTG were initiation codons and TAA, TAG, T were termination codons. Six intergenic regions and 24 reading frame overlaps were found in the mitogenome of N. multiplicans. …”
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Complete mitochondrial genome and the phylogenetic position of the Caroun croaker Johnius carouna (perciformes: Sciaenidae) by Wei-Di Yang, Chang-Chang Guo, Min Liu, Baian Lin

“…Sizes of the 23 tRNA genes range from 67 to 75 bp. One start codons (ATG) and three stop codons (TAG, AGG, and TAA/TA/T) were detected in 13 protein-coding genes. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Epeus alboguttatus (Araneae: Salticidae) by Daxing Yang, Xin Yan, Kangkang Xu, Wenjia Yang, Can Li

“…ATT, ATA, TTA, and TTG were initiation codons, and TAA, TAG, and T were termination codons. …”
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An explanation for the phenotypic differences between patients bearing partial deletions of the DMD locus. by Monaco, A, Bertelson, C, Liechti-Gallati, S, Moser, H, Kunkel, L

“…The model is based on the breakpoints of intragenic deletions and their effect on the translation of triplet codons into amino acids of the protein product. Deletions identified in three DMD patients are shown to shift the translational open reading frame (ORF) of triplet codons for amino acids, and each deletion is predicted to result in a truncated, abnormal protein product. …”

Rapid Y degeneration and dosage compensation in plant sex chromosomes by Papadopulos, A, Chester, M, Ridout, K, Filatov, D

“…This revealed that 45% of Y-linked genes are not expressed, and 23% are interrupted by premature stop codons. This contrasts with X-linked genes, in which only 1.3% of genes contained stop codons and 4.3% of genes were not expressed in males. …”

Molecular analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis causing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis meningitis. by Caws, M, Thwaites, G, Duy, P, Tho, D, Lan, N, Hoa, D, Chau, T, Huyen, M, Anh, P, Chau, N, Chinh, T, Stepniewska, K, Farrar, J

“…The most commonly mutated codons were 531, 526 and 516 in rpoB and 315 in katG. …”

Complete mitochondrial genome and the phylogenetic position of a new species, Johnius taiwanensis (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) from Chinese waters by Bai-an Lin, Chang-Chang Guo, Lü-Ping Fang, Wei-Di Yang, Min Liu

“…Sizes of the 22 tRNA genes range from 66 to 75 bp. Two start codons (ATG and GTG) and three stop codons (TAG, AGA and TAA/TA/T) were detected in 13 protein-coding genes. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of an ancient cattle (Bos taurus) from Taosi site, China, and its phylogenetic assessment by Xing Zhang, Liu Yang, Xingbo Zhao, Hai Xiang

“…The protein-coding genes had two types of start codons (ATG and ATA) and three types of stop codons (TAA, TAG, and AGA). …”
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Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the Eastern Asian catfish Silurus asotus (Siluriformes: Siluridae) from Lake Biwa in Japan by Yuu Kishimoto, Hisashi Okuyama, Jun-ichi Takahashi

“…The AT content was 56.1%. Start codons ATG and GTG were found in 13 PCGs. Stop codons TAA, TAG, and AGA were observed in 13 PCGs. …”
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Translational initiation in E. coli occurs at the correct sites genome-wide in the absence of mRNA-rRNA base-pairing by Kazuki Saito, Rachel Green, Allen R Buskirk

“…Using the antibiotic retapamulin to trap initiation complexes at start codons, we find that the mutant ribosomes select start sites correctly, arguing that start sites are hard-wired for initiation through the action of other mRNA features. …”
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RESEÑAS DE LIBROS by Ángela García Codoñer

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Dihedral Reductions of Cyclic DNA Sequences by Marlos A.G. Viana

“…The data-analytic methodology of dihedral reductions for cyclic orbits of distinct-base codons is described both in terms of Fourier analysis over the dihedral groups and in (algebraically equivalent) terms of canonical projections. …”
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High proportion of RR-TB and mutations conferring RR outside of the RRDR of the rpoB gene detected in GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases, in Addis Ababa,... by Gizachew Taddesse Akalu, Belay Tessema, Beyene Petros

“…The commonest mutation 62.5% [15/24] was found in probe E (codons 529-533) region. There was no mutation associated with probe A (codons 507-511), probe B (codons 511-518), and probe C (codons 518-523) regions, as well as no combination of missed probes, was revealed. …”
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High Endemicity of Soil-Transmitted Helminths in a Population Frequently Exposed to Albendazole but No Evidence of Antiparasitic Resistance by Gabriela Matamoros, María Mercedes Rueda, Carol Rodríguez, Jose A. Gabrie, Maritza Canales, Gustavo Fontecha, Ana Sanchez

“…The three codons of interest were found to be monomorphic in all the specimens. …”
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Characterization of complete mitochondrial genome of Evarcha coreana (Araneae: Salticidae) by Wen-Jia Yang, Kang-Kang Xu, Da-Xing Yang, Can Li

“…ATA, ATT, TTA, and TTG were initiation codons, and TAA, TAG, and T were termination codons. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Chlorotettix nigromaculatus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with phylogenetic consideration by Wenjia Yang, Yarong Gao, Can Li, Yuehua Song

“…All the 13 PCGs initiated with ATN codons and most of them terminated with TAG or TAA codons, whereas cox2, nad1, and nad4 used a single T residue. …”
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