A 250 plastome phylogeny of the grass family (Poaceae): topological support under different data partitions by Jeffery M. Saarela, Sean V. Burke, William P. Wysocki, Matthew D. Barrett, Lynn G. Clark, Joseph M. Craine, Paul M. Peterson, Robert J. Soreng, Maria S. Vorontsova, Melvin R. Duvall

“…Each of the four main partitions was further refined, alternatively including or excluding positively selected codons and also the gaps introduced by the alignment. …”
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Structural basis for sequence-independent substrate selection by eukaryotic wobble base tRNA deaminase ADAT2/3 by Luciano G. Dolce, Aubree A. Zimmer, Laura Tengo, Félix Weis, Mary Anne T. Rubio, Juan D. Alfonzo, Eva Kowalinski

“…The deamination of all adenosines in the wobble base position is essential to empower the individual tRNA to decode several codons. Here, the authors present the cryo-EM structure of the tRNA-bound ADAT2/3 deaminase, revealing how the geometry-specific enzyme acquiesces sequence-divergent tRNAs to its active site.…”
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Limited polymorphism in the dihydropteroate synthetase gene (dhps) of Plasmodium vivax isolates from Thailand. by Imwong, M, Pukrittayakamee, S, Cheng, Q, Moore, C, Looareesuwan, S, Snounou, G, White, N, Day, N

“…The dhps sequences of 55 Plasmodium vivax isolates (39 from Thailand and 16 from elsewhere) revealed mutant Pvdhps at codons 383 and/or 553 (A --> G) in 33 isolates, all from Thailand. …”

Recuperación del patrimonio arquitectónico entre el binomio de la investigación y creación by Ángela García Codoñer, Ana Mª Torres Barchino, Jorge Llopis Verdú, Ramón Villaplana Guillen, Begoña Saiz Mauleón

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Mitochondrial genomes of eight Scelimeninae species (Orthoptera) and their phylogenetic implications within Tetrigoidea by Ran Li, Xiaoli Ying, Weian Deng, Wantao Rong, Xiaodong Li

“…The protein-coding genes (PCGs) of tetrigid species mainly with the typical ATN codons and most terminated with complete (TAA or TAG) stop codons. …”
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Complete mitochondrial genome of the bamboo snout beetle, Cyrotrachelus buqueti (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) by Wen-Jia Yang, Da-Xing Yang, Kang-Kang Xu, Yu Cao, Yong-Lu Meng, Yan Wu, Guo-Yong Li, Guo-Zhou Zhang, Ya-Wei Wang, Can Li

“…ATG, ATA, ATT, AAT, and TTG were initiation codons and TAA, TAG, and T were termination codons. …”
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Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the Japanese endemic catfish Silurus lithophilus (Siluriformes: Siluridae) by Yuu Kishimoto, Hisashi Okuyama, Jun-ichi Takahashi

“…The heavy (H)-strand was predicted to have 12 PCGs and 15 tRNA, and 2 rRNA genes, whereas the light (L)-strand was predicted to contain one PCG and seven tRNA genes. The start codons ATG and GTG were found in 13 PCGs. The stop codons TAA, TAG, and AGA were observed in all PCGs, except CytB. …”
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Preinitiation Complex Loading onto mRNAs with Long versus Short 5′ TLs by Benjamin Weiss, Pascale Jaquier-Gubler, Joseph Alphonsus Curran

“…Ribosomal toe-printing confirmed the positioning of these codons within the P site, indicating that the ribosome reads from the +1 position. …”
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Ranking insertion, deletion and nonsense mutations based on their effect on genetic information by Moses Alan M, Zia Amin

“…Furthermore, we find that insertions, deletions and premature stop codons associated with disease in the human have significantly larger predicted effects than those not associated with disease. …”
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Revealing the Genetic Code Symmetries through Computations Involving Fibonacci-like Sequences and Their Properties by Tidjani Négadi

“…Using these sequences and also various sums or linear combinations of them, we derive several physical and chemical quantities of interest, such as the number of total coding codons, 61, obeying various degeneracy patterns, the detailed number of H/CNOS atoms and the integer molecular mass (or nucleon number), in the side chains of the coded amino acids and also in various degeneracy patterns, in agreement with those described in the literature. …”
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Complete mitochondrion genome of the endangered Mohave tui chub Siphateles bicolor mohavensis (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) by Frances L. Glaser, Kylie S. Owen, Sujan M. Henkanaththegedara, Steve Parmenter, Craig A. Stockwell, Sean C. Lema

“…All protein-coding genes have initiation codons of ATG or GTG, and only the ND1, CO1, ATPase8, NDL4, ND4, ND5, and ND6 genes have complete stop codons. …”
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The biased nucleotide composition of the HIV genome: a constant factor in a highly variable virus by van der Kuyl Antoinette C, Berkhout Ben

“…</p> <p>This review will discuss all aspects of the lentiviral genome composition, both of the RNA and of its derived double-stranded DNA genome, with a focus on HIV-1, the nucleotide composition over time, the effects of artificially humanized codons as well as contributions of immune system pressure on HIV nucleotide bias.…”
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BBF RFC 56: “Part Flavors” For Peptide-Coding Parts by Anderson, J. Chris

“…A CDS part flavor is intended to address the problem of how to precisely describe compositions of parts that differ by the presence of 5’ and 3’ spacers, presence or absence of start codons, stop codons, and ribosome binding sites, etc. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of false trevally Lactarius Lactarius (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) by Min Yang, Pengfei Li, Qiwei Qin, Kecheng Zhu

“…All the protein initiation codons are ATG, except that COX1 and ATP6 begin with GTG. …”
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Minimizing the Anticodon-Recognized Loop of <i>Methanococcus jannaschii</i> Tyrosyl-tRNA Synthetase to Improve the Efficiency of Incorporating Noncanonical Amino Acids by Zhiyang Hu, Jinming Liang, Taogeng Su, Di Zhang, Hao Li, Xiangdong Gao, Wenbin Yao, Xiaoda Song

“…In addition, for specific quadruplet codons, the loop minimization of MjTyrRS also improves the suppression efficiency. …”
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METTL18-mediated histidine methylation of RPL3 modulates translation elongation for proteostasis maintenance by Eriko Matsuura-Suzuki, Tadahiro Shimazu, Mari Takahashi, Kaoru Kotoshiba, Takehiro Suzuki, Kazuhiro Kashiwagi, Yoshihiro Sohtome, Mai Akakabe, Mikiko Sodeoka, Naoshi Dohmae, Takuhiro Ito, Yoichi Shinkai, Shintaro Iwasaki

“…Here, we report that human METTL18 is a histidine methyltransferase for the ribosomal protein RPL3 and that the modification specifically slows ribosome traversal on Tyr codons, allowing the proper folding of synthesized proteins. …”
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Biophysical Interactions Underpin the Emergence of Information in the Genetic Code by Aaron Halpern, Lilly R. Bartsch, Kaan Ibrahim, Stuart A. Harrison, Minkoo Ahn, John Christodoulou, Nick Lane

“…The genetic code conceals a ‘code within the codons’, which hints at biophysical interactions between amino acids and their cognate nucleotides. …”
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Complete mitochondrial genome and phylogeny of Microhyla butleri (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) by Yong, Hoi Sen, Song, Sze Looi, Lim, Phaik Eem, Eamsobhana, Praphathip, Tan, Ji

“…The control region (1338 bp) was flanked by cob and trnL1 genes. The start codons included 11 ATG, 1 ATA and 1 GTG. Three PCGs had TAA, 3 had AGG, 1 had TAG and 6 had incomplete T stop codons. …”

Complete mitochondrial genome of Bactrocera arecae (Insecta: Tephritidae) by next-generation sequencing and molecular phylogeny of Dacini tribe by Yong, Hoi Sen, Song, Sze Looi, Lim, Phaik Eem, Chan, Kok Gan, Chow, Wan Loo, Eamsobhana, Praphathip

“…Eight TAA, two TAG, one incomplete TA and two incomplete T stop codons were represented in the protein-coding genes. …”

Therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: renewed optimism from genetic approaches. by Fairclough, R, Wood, M, Davies, K

“…There are several promising genetic approaches, including viral delivery of the missing dystrophin gene, read-through of translation stop codons, exon skipping to restore the reading frame and increased expression of the compensatory utrophin gene. …”