A Rearrangement of the Mitochondrial Genes of Centipedes (Arthropoda, Myriapoda) with a Phylogenetic Analysis by Jia-Jia Wang, Yu Bai, Yan Dong

“…The results showed that all 13 PCGs started with ATN codons and ended with TAR codons or a single T; what is interesting is that the gene orders of <i>M. marmoratus</i> have been extensively rearranged compared with most Myriapoda. …”
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Characterization of the mitochondrial genome of Analcellicampa xanthosoma gen. et sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) by Gengyun Niu, Yaoyao Zhang, Zhenyi Li, Meicai Wei

“…All PCGs were initiated by ATN codons and ended with TAA or T stop codons. All tRNAs had a typical cloverleaf secondary structure, except for trnS1. …”
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Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the Japanese endemic catfish Silurus biwaensis (Siluriformes: Siluridae) from Lake Biwa by Yuu Kishimoto, Hisashi Okuyama, Jun-ichi Takahashi

“…The heavy (H)-strand was predicted to have 12 PCGs, 14 tRNA, and 2 rRNA genes, whereas the light (L)-strand was predicted to contain one PCG and eight tRNA genes. The start codons ATG, ATC, and GTG were found in 13 PCGs. The stop codons TAA, TAG, and AGA were observed in all PCGs, except CytB and COX3. …”
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Exploring the evolution and function of Canoe's intrinsically disordered region in linking cell-cell junctions to the cytoskeleton during embryonic morphogenesis. by Noah J Gurley, Rachel A Szymanski, Robert H Dowen, T Amber Butcher, Noboru Ishiyama, Mark Peifer

“…We have combined bioinformatic analysis and the use of a series of canoe mutants with early stop codons to explore the evolution and function of the IDR. …”
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Comparison of the epidemiology, profile of mutations, and clinical response to antiretrovirals among subtypes B and F of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by Heloisa Ramos Lacerda, Luzidalva Barbosa de Medeiros, Ana Maria Salustiano Cavalcanti, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes, Maria de Fátima Pessoa Militão de Albuquerque

“…The frequency of mutations related to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors (PI) was the same in the two subtypes, but mutations related to PI at the codons 63, 77, and 71 were more frequent in subtype B, while mutations at the codons 36 and 20 predominated in subtype F. …”
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Transcripts with systematic nucleotide deletion of 1-12 nucleotide in human mitochondrion suggest potential non-canonical transcription. by Ganesh Warthi, Hervé Seligmann

“…These detected delRNAs are enriched in frameshift-inducing homopolymers and are poor in frameshift-preventing circular code codons (a set of 20 codons which regulate reading frame detection, over- and underrepresented in coding and other frames of genes, respectively) suggesting a motif-based regulation of non-canonical transcription. …”
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Mutational analysis of cis-acting RNA signals in segment 7 of influenza A virus. by Hutchinson, E, Curran, MD, Read, E, Gog, JR, Digard, P

“…To further characterize cis-acting signals in segment 7, we introduced synonymous mutations into the terminal coding regions. Mutation of codons that are normally highly conserved reduced virus growth in embryonated eggs and MDCK cells between 10- and 1,000-fold compared to that of the wild-type virus, whereas similar alterations to nonconserved codons had little effect. …”

Impact of baseline polymorphisms in RT and protease on outcome of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected African patients. by Frater, A, Beardall, A, Ariyoshi, K, Churchill, D, Galpin, S, Clarke, JR, Weber, J, McClure, M

“…OBJECTIVE: To assess the therapeutic response and investigate the significance of polymorphic codons in African patients receiving highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). …”

Directional selection at the pfmdr1, pfcrt, pfubp1, and pfap2mu Loci of Plasmodium falciparum in Kenyan children treated With ACT by Henriques, G, Hallett, RL, Beshir, KB, Gadalla, NB, Johnson, RE, Burrow, R, DA van Schalkwyk, Sawa, P, Omar, SA, Clark, TG, Bousema, T, Sutherland, CJ

“…Results Parasites surviving ACT on day 2 or day 3 posttreatment were significantly more likely than the baseline population to carry the wild-type haplotypes of pfcrt (CVMNK at codons 72–76; P &lt; .001) and pfmdr1 (NFD at codons 86, 184, 1246; P &lt; .001). …”

GNAS1 mutational analysis in pseudohypoparathyroidism. by Ahmed, S, Dixon, P, Bonthron, D, Stirling, H, Barr, D, Kelnar, C, Thakker, R

“…These consisted of: two novel de novo missense mutations (Pro115Ser and Glu259Val) in two families and an identical 4 bp deletion of codons 189 and 190 resulting in a frame-shift in two unrelated families. …”

Association of genetic mutations in Plasmodium vivax dhfr with resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine: geographical and clinical correlates. by Imwong, M, Pukrittakayamee, S, Looareesuwan, S, Pasvol, G, Poirreiz, J, White, N, Snounou, G

“…The three mutations at the pvdhfr codons for residues 57, 58, and 117 are associated with high levels of S-P resistance in P. vivax. …”

The prevalence of molecular markers of resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine among pregnant women at first antenatal clinic attendance and delivery in the forest-savannah area of... by David Kwame Dosoo, Jeffrey A Bailey, Kwaku Poku Asante, Felix Boakye Oppong, Karamoko Niaré, Jones Opoku-Mensah, Seth Owusu-Agyei, Brian Greenwood, Daniel Chandramohan

“…No mutations were identified at Pfdhfr codons 16 or 164 or Pfdhps 581. There is a high prevalence of Pfdhfr triple mutant P. falciparum infections among pregnant women in the study area. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of the Gymnocypris chui (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) by Jianshe Zhou, Chi Zhang, Wanliang Wang, Yingzi Pan, Benhe Zeng, Chaowei Zhou, Luo Lei, Baohai Li

“…The 13 mRNAs had three start codons, five termination codons and four overlap regions. …”
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Tracking of Mutational Signature of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron on Distinct Continents and Little Difference was Found by Shu-Yue Zheng, Yun-Peng Zhang, Yu-Xin Liu, Wei Zhao, Xiang-Lei Peng, Yan-Peng Zheng, Yuan-Hui Fu, Jie-Mei Yu, Jin-Sheng He

“…(ii) Four groups of tightly linked SNPs (linkage I–IV) were detected, among which linkage I, containing 38 SNPs, with 6 located in the RBD, increased its occurring frequency remarkably over time. (iii) The third codons of the Omicron shouldered the most mutation pressures, while the second codons presented the least flexibility. …”
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Characterization of the mitochondrial genome of Arge bella Wei & Du sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Argidae) by Shiyu Du, Gengyun Niu, Tommi Nyman, Meicai Wei

“…All PCGs are initiated by ATN codons, and terminated with TAA, TA or T as stop codons. …”
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Complete mitochondrial genome of the highly fecund Bombyx mori linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) strain Jam 146 by Seong-Wan Kim, Jeong Sun Park, Min Jee Kim, Kee-Young Kim, Seong-Ryul Kim, Iksoo Kim

“…However, the total length of protein-coding genes, 3,733 codons in Jam 146 and two other silkworm strains previously reported from South Korea, is 13 codons longer than that in other B. mori strains. …”
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A case report of late treatment failure in Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a traveler from the Democratic Republic of the Congo to India by Supriya Sharma, Naseem Ahmed, Nafis Faizi, Praveen K. Bharti, Amit Sharma, Bina Srivastava

“…No functional mutation associated was found in pfKelch13, but interestingly the sensitive codons to chloroquine (CQ) (wild type pfcrtK76 and pfmdrN86) revealed the probably reversible CQ sensitivity in the sample from DRC.…”
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Association of Mannose-Binding Lectin 2 (mbl2) gene heterogeneity and its serum concentration with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women by Emina Kiseljaković, Sabaheta Hasić, Amina Valjevac, Mirela Mačkić-Đurović, Radivoj Jadrić, Bakir Mehić, Elma Kučukalić-Selimović, Slavka Ibrulj

“… The aim of the study was to detect prevalence of MBL2 exon 1 (codons 52, 54 and 57) genetic polymorphism in postmenopausal women in Bosnia and Herzegovina and its possible role as genetic risk factor for susceptibility to occurrence of osteoporosis in this study group. …”
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Distribution of the transposable element mariner in anopheline mosquitoes. by Imwong, M, Sharpe, R, Kittayapong, P, Baimai, V

“…The elements we encountered are likely to be inactive, based on the presence of multiple stop codons and/or frameshifts.…”

The complete mitochondrial genome of Flavoperla biocellata Chu, 1929 (Plecoptera: Perlidae) and the phylogenetic analyses of Plecoptera by Yue Shen, Yu-Zhou Du

“…Most PCGs of F. biocellata used the standard ATN start codons and complete TAN termination codons. Twenty-one of the 22 tRNA genes exhibited cloverleaf secondary structures, but the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm of trnSer (AGN) was completely reduced. …”
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