The molecular characterization of complete mitochondrial genome of spotted snakehead fish, Channa punctata (Bloch 1793) by Md. Jobaidul Alam, Sapto Andriyono, Sinar Pagi Sektiana, Md. Mofizur Rahman, Hyun-Woo Kim

“…Among 13 protein-coding genes, only one unusual start condon (GTG) was identified in COX1, whereas six genes including COXII, COXIII, NAD2, NAD3, NAD4, and Cytb were ended with the incomplete stop codons (TA-/T–). Based on the currently identified mitogenomes of Channa fish species, C. punctata was most closely related to Channa gachua with 82% sequence identity.…”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of hybrid F2 from Acanthopagrus schlegelii (♀) × Pagrus major (♂) by Shuyin Chen, Zhiyong Zhang, Fei Zhu, Jin Xu, Hongjiu Ji, Guojun Wu, Chaofeng Jia, Qian Meng

“…All protein initiation codons are ATG except for COI that begins with GTG. …”
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The mitochondrial genome of Platencyrtus parkeri Feriere (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) by Yan-Zhou Zhang, Mei Xiong, Qing-Song Zhou, Gong-Cheng Jiang, Chao-Dong Zhu

“…All the 13 PCGs begin with typical ATN codons. The 19 detected tRNAs range from 58 to 70 bp in length with typical cloverleaf structure except for trnS1, whose dihydrouridine (DHU) arm forms a simple loop. …”
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PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism for rapid, low-cost identification of isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. by Caws, M, Tho, D, Duy, P, Lan, N, Hoa, D, Torok, M, Chau, T, Chau, N, Chinh, N, Farrar, J

“…None of the discrepant isolates had mutant katG_315 codons by sequencing. The test is cheap (less than $1.50 per test), specific, and suitable for the rapid identification of isoniazid resistance in regions with a high prevalence of katG_315 mutants among isoniazid-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates.…”

Mutations associated with genotypic resistance to antiretroviral therapy in treatment naive HIV-1 infected patients in Greece. by Magiorkinis, E, Paraskevis, D, Magiorkinis, G, Chryssou, S, Chini, M, Lazanas, M, Paparizos, V, Saroglou, G, Antoniadou, A, Giamarellou, E, Karafoulidou, A, Hatzakis, A

“…The DNA sequence of protease and partial reverse transcriptase regions (codons 41-223) were obtained by direct sequencing. …”

A putative proline-rich protein of B. napus by Namasivayam, Parameswari, Hanke, David

“…The largest ORF of Ae4 encodes 166 amino acid residues without the start and stop codons. Ae4 is a partial length cDNA. The Ae4 gene expression was investigated and the results demonstrate that it accumulates in all vegetative tissues tested as well as in the embryogenic culture of Brassica napus. …”
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Unraveling Key Chloroquine Resistance-Associated Alleles Among Plasmodium falciparum Isolates in South Darfur State, Sudan Twelve Years After Drug Withdrawal by Magboul AM, Nour BY, Tamomh AG, Abdul-Ghani R, Albushra SM, Eltahir HB

“…Then, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to detect the genetic polymorphisms in codons 76 of pfcrt and 86 of pfmdr1. PCR-RFLP products were analyzed using 1.5% gel electrophoresis to identify the genetic polymorphisms in the studied codons. …”
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Bioinformatics characterization of plasmodium knowlesi apical membrane antigen 1 (PkAMA1) for multi-epitope vaccine design by Azazi, A., Haron, F.N., Chua, K.H., Lim, Y.A.L., Lee, Ping Chin

“…Two B- and T-cell epitopes consensus regions, i.e., NSGIRIDLGEDAEVGNSKYRIPAGKCP (codons 28-54) and KTHAASFVIAEDQNTSY RHPAVYDEKNKT (codons 122-150) at domain I (DI) of PkAMA1 were reported. …”
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Prognostic Role of Plasma PD-1, PD-L1, pan-BTN3As and BTN3A1 in Patients Affected by Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Can Immune Checkpoints Act as a Sentinel for Short-... by Daniele Fanale, Lorena Incorvaia, Giuseppe Badalamenti, Ida De Luca, Laura Algeri, Annalisa Bonasera, Lidia Rita Corsini, Chiara Brando, Antonio Russo, Juan Lucio Iovanna, Viviana Bazan

“…Finally, an additional multivariate analysis revealed that circulating levels of sPD-L1 ≤ 0.7 ng/mL and pan-sBTN3As ≤ 5.0 ng/mL, and the absence of <i>KIT</i> exon 11 deletions or delins at codons 557 and/or 558 were associated with a longer PFS in mGIST patients. …”
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<i>dCas9-BE</i>3 and <i>dCas12a-BE3</i> Systems Mediated Base Editing in Kiwifruit Canker Causal Agent <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>actinidiae</i> by Bo Liu, Wenpeng Song, Linchao Wang, Yantao Wu, Xiaoting Xu, Xiangli Niu, Shengxiong Huang, Yongsheng Liu, Wei Tang

“…Here, we used dCas9-BE3 and dCas12a-BE3 systems to create substitutions of C to T and to convert CAG/CAA/CGA codons to stop codons (TAG/TAA/TGA) in <i>Psa</i>. …”
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Bioinformatics characterization of Plasmodium knowlesi apical membrane antigen 1 (PkAMA1) for multi-epitope vaccine design by Azazi, A., Haron, F.N., Chua, K.H., Lim, Y.A.L., Lee, Ping Chin, Chew, C.H.

“…Two B- and T-cell epitopes consensus regions, i.e., NSGIRIDLGEDAEVGNSKYRIPAGKCP (codons 28-54) and KTHAASFVIAEDQNTSY RHPAVYDEKNKT (codons 122-150) at domain I (DI) of PkAMA1 were reported. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Bombyx lemeepauli (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) and its phylogenetic relationship by Shuang-Qing Liu, Xing-Shi Gu, Xing Wang

“…Excepting cox1 started with CGA, the start codons of the other 12 PCGs were ATN. Eleven of the 13 PCGs ended with TAA, expect for cox1 and cox2, which ended with a single T. …”
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BIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE POLISH Zucchini yellow mosaic virus ISOLATES by Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska, Natalia Rymelska, Natasza Borodynko, Henryk Pospieszny

“…The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous polymorphic sites showed a dominant negative selection however codons which might undergo positive selection were also identified. …”
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Host association and selection on salivary protein genes in bed bugs and related blood-feeding ectoparasites by Benoit Talbot, Ondřej Balvín, Maarten J. Vonhof, Hugh G. Broders, Brock Fenton, Nusha Keyghobadi

“…Significant positive selection was detected at five codons in one gene in all bat-associated species groups. …”
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Complete mitochondrial genome of Corydoras duplicareus (Teleostei, Siluriformes, Callichthyidae) by Qiaolin Liu, Baohong Xu, Tiaoyi Xiao

“…All the protein initiation codons are ATG, except for cox1 that begins with GTG. …”
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Widespread expression of an extended peptide sequence of GATA-6 during murine embryogenesis and non-equivalence of RNA and protein expression domains. by Brewer, A, Nemer, G, Gove, C, Rawlins, F, Nemer, M, Patient, R, Pizzey, J

“…We have shown previously that mammalian GATA-6 genes have the potential to encode two protein isoforms, resulting from alternative, in-frame, initiator methionine codons. We have generated GATA-6 antibodies, including one specific to the longer form of GATA-6, and by immunohistochemical analysis we demonstrate here that the longer protein, which is the more potent transcriptional transactivator, is widely expressed in vivo. …”

"Dark matter" worlds of unstable RNA and protein. by Baboo, S, Cook, P

“…Some of the nuclear synthesis is probably a byproduct of nuclear ribosomes proofreading newly-made RNA for inappropriately-placed termination codons (a process that triggers "nonsense-mediated decay"). …”

"Dark matter" worlds of unstable RNA and protein. by Baboo, S, Cook, P

“…Some of the nuclear synthesis is probably a byproduct of nuclear ribosomes proofreading newly-made RNA for inappropriately-placed termination codons (a process that triggers "nonsense-mediated decay"). …”

Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Corydoras arcuatus mitochondrial genome by Yi Liu, Baohong Xu, Tiaoyi Xiao, Qiaolin Liu

“…All the protein initiation codons are ATG, except for cox1 that begins with GTG. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of the bambusicolous fungus Fusarium bambusae (Nectriaceae, Ascomycota) by Xin-Cun Wang, Zhao-Qing Zeng, Wen-Ying Zhuang

“…The tRNA genes contain codons for all 20 standard amino acids. It turns out to be similar to the previously sequenced mitochondrial genomes of Fusarium circinatum and F. verticillioides. …”
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