Towards a Cure for HARS Disease by Sarah D. P. Wilhelm, Rosan Kenana, Yi Qiu, Patrick O’Donoghue, Ilka U. Heinemann

“…Other mutations lead to a toxic gain-of-function and mistranslation of non-cognate amino acids in response to histidine codons, which can be rescued by histidine supplementation in vitro. …”
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From Yeast to Mammals, the Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay as a Master Regulator of Long Non-Coding RNAs Functional Trajectory by Sara Andjus, Antonin Morillon, Maxime Wery

“…The Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay (NMD) has been classically viewed as a translation-dependent RNA surveillance pathway degrading aberrant mRNAs containing premature stop codons. However, it is now clear that mRNA quality control represents only one face of the multiple functions of NMD. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of an endangered triton snail Charonia lampas (Littorinimorpha: Charoniidae) from South Korea by Eun Hwa Choi, Ui Wook Hwang

“…The overall features of the mitochondrial genome are similar to those of typical gastropod mitochondrial genomes, except for the absence of a control region (CR): a conserved gene order, a high A + T content (67.45% for C. lampas), preference for AT-rich codons, etc. It is the second mitochondrial genome reported from this species after Cho et al. (2017), and there is ca. 98% sequence similarity between those of the species. …”
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The P-Site Loop of the Universally Conserved Bacterial Ribosomal Protein L5 Is Required for Maintaining Both Translation Rate and Fidelity by Mikhail G. Bubunenko, Alexey P. Korepanov

“…At the same time, the deletion causes increased levels of −1 frameshifting and readthrough of all three stop codons. In general, the results show that the PSL of the uL5 is required for maintaining both the accuracy and rate of protein synthesis in vivo.…”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of the Yunnan red-backed vole Eothenomys miletus (Rodentia: Cricetidae) and its phylogeny by Yuan Mu, Yanqiong Duan, Zhang Di, Zhengkun Wang, Zhu Wanlong

“…All PCGs are initiated by ATN codons, except for ND1 with GTG instead. Most of genes in E. miletus were distributed on the H-strand, except for the ND6 subunit gene and eight tRNA genes which were encoded on the L-strand. 13 PCGs of E. miletus were used to implement phylogenetic analyses with other 18 rodents.…”
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Target liquid biopsy using “enriched” polymerase chain reaction and DNA melting analysis by I. V. Botezatu, I. O. Panchuk, A. A. Kolomeytseva, A. A. Fedenko, N. N. Mazurenko, I. V. Tsyganova, O. Yu. Susova, V. N. Kondratova, V. P. Shelepov, A. V. Lichtenstein

“…The “enriched” PCR-DMA was used for mutation scanning of KRAS (codons 12 and 13) in tumor and blood plasma of 20 patients with colorectal cancer.Results. …”
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E3 Ubiquitin Ligases: The Operators of the Ubiquitin Code That Regulates the RLR and cGAS-STING Pathways by Likai Ji, Yan Wang, Liying Zhou, Juan Lu, Siwen Bao, Quan Shen, Xiaochun Wang, Yuwei Liu, Wen Zhang

“…E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3s) are the direct manipulator of ubiquitin codons and determine the type and modification type of substrate proteins. …”
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Predicted Membrane-Associated Domains in Proteins Encoded by Novel Monopartite Plant RNA Viruses Related to Members of the Family <i>Benyviridae</i> by Sergey Y. Morozov, Alexander A. Lezzhov, Andrey G. Solovyev

“…Indeed, analysis of the coding potential of these novel viral genomes reveals one or more cistrons ranging in size from 40 to 80 to about 600 codons, located in the 3′-terminal region of the genomic RNA, encoding proteins with predicted hydrophobic segments that are structurally diverse among Reclovirids and have no analogues in other plant RNA viruses. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of an east African honey bee, Apis mellifera monticola Smith (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apidae) by Amin Eimanifar, Rebecca T. Kimball, Edward L. Braun, Stefan Fuchs, Bernd Grünewald, James D. Ellis

“…Most genes initiated with ATT, though ATG, ATA, and ATC also were used as start codons. All genes terminated with TAA. Four PCG genes, eight tRNAs and both rRNAs are encoded on the heavy strand while all others are coded on the light strand (nine PCGs and 14 tRNAs). …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Glossaulax reiniana (Littorinimorpha: Naticidae) by Peng-Yu Li, Yi Yang, Yong-Guo Li, Shao-E Sun

“…All protein-coding genes started with standard initiation codons (ATA and ATG) and ended by TAA or TAG. The lengths of 12S ribosomal RNA and 16S ribosomal RNA were 948 and 1353 bp, respectively. …”
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An internal ribosome entry site (IRES) mutant library for tuning expression level of multiple genes in mammalian cells by Koh, Esther Y. C., Ho, Steven C. L., Mariati, Song, Zhiwei, Bi, Xuezhi, Bardor, Muriel, Yang, Yuansheng

“…A set of mutated Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements with varying strengths is generated by mutating the translation initiation codons of 10th, 11th, and 12th AUG to non-AUG triplets. …”
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Optimized allotopic expression of mitochondrial ND6 transgene restored complex I and apoptosis deficiencies caused by LHON-linked ND6 14484T > C mutation by Jing Wang, Yanchun Ji, Cheng Ai, Jia-Rong Chen, Dingyi Gan, Juanjuan Zhang, Jun Q. Mo, Min-Xin Guan

“…Methods Nucleus-versions of ND6 was generated by changing 6 non-universal codons with universal codons and added to mitochondrial targeting sequence of COX8. …”
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Whole Genome Characterization of a Few EMS-Induced Mutants of Upland Rice Variety Nagina 22 Reveals a Staggeringly High Frequency of SNPs Which Show High Phenotypic Plasticity Towa... by Amitha M. V. Sevanthi, Prashant Kandwal, Prashant B. Kale, Chandra Prakash, M. K. Ramkumar, Neera Yadav, Ajay K. Mahato, V. Sureshkumar, Motilal Behera, Rupesh K. Deshmukh, P. Jeyaparakash, Meera K. Kar, S. Manonmani, Raveendran Muthurajan, K. S. Gopala, Sarla Neelamraju, M. S. Sheshshayee, P. Swain, Ashok K. Singh, N. K. Singh, Trilochan Mohapatra, R. P. Sharma

“…Of these, nearly 50% of the SNPs led to non-synonymous codons, while 30% resulted in synonymous codons. The number of insertions and deletions (InDels) varied from 898 to 2,595, with more than 80% of them being 1–2 bp long. …”
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THE MOLECULAR GENETIC FEATURES OF RIFAMPICIN RESISTANCE AND THE PREVALENCE OF rpoB GENE MUTATIONS IN THE SARATOV REGION by T. Yu. Salina, T. I. Morozova

“…Thirteen different types of mutations were recorded in 8 codons of the M. tuberculosis rpoB gene. Among the rifampicin-resistant strains, there was an unfavorable spectrum of gene mutations, namely: a large number of Ser 531-&gt;Leu mutations (62.2%), which was associated with the high level of rifampicin resistance. …”
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Single-cell analysis of isoform switching and transposable element expression during preimplantation embryonic development. by Chaoyang Wang, Zhuoxing Shi, Qingpei Huang, Rong Liu, Dan Su, Lei Chang, Chuanle Xiao, Xiaoying Fan

“…Here, using single-cell direct isoform sequencing in over 100 single blastomeres from the mouse oocyte to blastocyst stage, we quantified isoform expression and found that 3-prime partial transcripts lacking stop codons are highly accumulated in oocytes and zygotes. …”
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Amber suppression technology for mapping site-specific viral-host protein interactions in mammalian cells by Isa, NF, Bensaude, O, Murphy, S

“…We have recently incorporated photoreactive amino acids at defined residues of a viral protein in vivo, by introducing amber stop codons (TAG) and using a suppressor tRNA. This is followed by UV-crosslinking, to identify interacting host proteins in live mammalian cells. …”

Genetic analysis of the dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase gene from geographically diverse isolates of Plasmodium malariae. by Tanomsing, N, Imwong, M, Pukrittayakamee, S, Chotivanich, K, Looareesuwan, S, Mayxay, M, Dolecek, C, Hien, T, do Rosario, V, Arez, A, Michon, P, Snounou, G, White, N, Day, N

“…A survey of polymorphisms of the dhfr sequences in 35 isolates of P. malariae collected from five countries in Asia and Africa revealed a low number of nonsynonymous mutations in five codons. In five of the isolates collected from southeast Asia, a nonsynonymous mutation was found at one of the three positions known to be associated with antifolate resistance in other Plasmodium species. …”

Factors associated with regional bias of pfcrt (plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter) haplotypes in Nepal. by Banjara, MR, Imwong, M, Petmitr, S, Sirawaraporn, W, Joshi, AB, Chavalitshewinkoon-Petmitr, P

“…Pfcrt region covering codons 72-76 was amplified by PCR and sequenced. SVMNT haplotype was predominant in the Central region, whereas CVIET haplotype significantly more common in the Eastern region. …”

Structural characterization of HIV reverse transcriptase: a target for the design of specific virus inhibitors. by Tisdale, M, Larder, B, Lowe, D, Stammers, D, Purifoy, D, Ertl, P, Bradley, C, Kemp, S, Darby, G, Powell, K

“…In addition, carboxy-terminal truncated mutants were prepared by inserting stop codons into the gene at appropriate sites. The proteins expressed were analysed for RT and RNase H activity and used for mapping RT epitopes. …”

Widespread expression of an extended peptide sequence of GATA-6 during murine embryogenesis and non-equivalence of RNA and protein expression domains. by Brewer, A, Nemer, G, Gove, C, Rawlins, F, Nemer, M, Patient, R, Pizzey, J

“…We have shown previously that mammalian GATA-6 genes have the potential to encode two protein isoforms, resulting from alternative, in-frame, initiator methionine codons. We have generated GATA-6 antibodies, including one specific to the longer form of GATA-6, and by immunohistochemical analysis we demonstrate here that the longer protein, which is the more potent transcriptional transactivator, is widely expressed in vivo. …”