Genetic and Epigenetic Changes of Components Affecting the WNT Pathway in Colorectal Carcinomas Stratified by Microsatellite Instability by Lin Thorstensen, Guro E. Lind, Tone Løvig, Chieu B. Diep, Gunn I. Meling, Torleiv O. Rognum, Ragnhild A. Lothe

“…Mutations in APC upstream of codons 1020 to 1169, encoding the β-catenin binding site, were found in 15/144 mutated tumors and these patients seemed to have poor clinical outcome (P = .096). …”
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Detection of c-kit gene mutations in Exon 11 of Leukemias by Syed Rizwan Hussain, Sunil G Babu, Hena Naqvi, Pradyumn Singh, Farzana Mahdi

“…We have detected total twenty mutations in nineteen cases that include Lys550Asn, Tyr568Ser, Ile571Thr, Thr574Pro, Gln575His, Tyr578Pro, Asp579His, His580Gln, Arg586Thr, Asn587Asp and Arg588Met as well as novel point mutations at codons Ile563Lys, Val569Leu, Tyr570Ser, and Pro577Ser. …”
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Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of the <i>Tuerkayana</i> (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinidae) Genus Based on Whole Mitochondrial Genome Sequences by Zhengfei Wang, Yuqing Zheng, Xinyue Zhao, Xinyi Xu, Zhiwen Xu, Chong Cui

“…Based on the mitogenome dataset of 206 crabs, the branch-site model was utilized to explore selective pressure in individual codons with CodeML. The strong selective pressure shown in <i>nad6</i> indicates that it may have played a significant role in the evolution of Gecarcinidae.…”
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Peptide Nucleic Acid Clamp‐Assisted Photothermal Multiplexed Digital PCR for Identifying SARS‐CoV‐2 Variants of Concern by Lexiang Zhang, Rokshana Parvin, Siyue Lin, Mingshuo Chen, Ruixuan Zheng, Qihui Fan, Fangfu Ye

“…This is achieved by simultaneously identifying highly conserved mutated signatures at codons 19, 614, and 655 of the spike protein gene. …”
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Identification of the causative variants in five Chinese families with tuberous sclerosis complex by LIU Siyi, YANG Yujiao, YANG Tao, ZHAO Xiuli

“…(Val79Lysfs27*) respectively was believed to introduce premature stop codons. The analysis of family co-segregation and bioinformatics were identified as very positive factors for pathogenicity. …”
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Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Three Species of the Genus <i>Microtus</i> (Arvicolinae, Rodentia) by Luz Lamelas, Gaël Aleix-Mata, Michail Rovatsos, Juan Alberto Marchal, Teresa Palomeque, Pedro Lorite, Antonio Sánchez

“…The length of the 13 PCGs and the coded proteins is the same in all three species, and the start and stop codons are conserved. The non-coding regions include the L-strand origin of replication, with the same sequence of 35 bp, and the control region, which varies between 896 bp and 930 bp in length. …”
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Analysis of Compositional Bias in a Commercial Phage Display Peptide Library by Next-Generation Sequencing by Ane Beth Sloth, Babak Bakhshinejad, Malte Jensen, Camilla Stavnsbjerg, Mikkel Baldtzer Liisberg, Maria Rossing, Andreas Kjaer

“…The next-generation sequencing (NGS) data indicated the presence of stop codons and a high abundance of wild-type clones in the naïve library, which collectively result in a reduced effective size of the library. …”
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MADE: A Computational Tool for Predicting Vaccine Effectiveness for the Influenza A(H3N2) Virus Adapted to Embryonated Eggs by Hui Chen, Junqiu Wang, Yunsong Liu, Ivy Quek Ee Ling, Chih Chuan Shih, Dafei Wu, Zhiyan Fu, Raphael Tze Chuen Lee, Miao Xu, Vincent T. Chow, Sebastian Maurer-Stroh, Da Zhou, Jianjun Liu, Weiwei Zhai

“…Recently, the strength of egg passage adaptation was found to be rapidly increasing with time driven by convergent evolution at a set of functionally important codons in the hemagglutinin (HA1). In this study, we aim to take advantage of the negative correlation between egg passage adaptation and vaccine effectiveness (VE) and develop a computational tool for selecting the best candidate vaccine virus (CVV) for vaccine production. …”
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Prevalence of mutations associated with antimalarial drugs in <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>isolates prior to the introduction of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine as first-line treatmen... by Djadid Navid, Raeisi Ahmad, Afsharpad Mandana, Zakeri Sedigheh

“…</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The prevalence of <it>pfcrt </it>K76T, <it>pfmdr1 </it>N86Y, <it>pfdhfr </it>N51I, C59R, S108N/T and I164L and codons S436F/A, A437G, K540E, A581E, and A613S/T in <it>pfdhps </it>genes were genotyped by PCR/RFLP methods in 206 <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>isolates from Chabahar and Sarbaz districts in Sistan and Baluchistan province, Iran, during 2003–2005.…”
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The genetic and biochemical determinants of mRNA degradation rates in mammals by Vikram Agarwal, David R. Kelley

“…The key novel principle learned by Saluki is that the spatial positioning of splice sites, codons, and RNA-binding motifs within an mRNA is strongly associated with mRNA half-life. …”
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MiR-RACE, a new efficient approach to determine the precise sequences of computationally identified trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) microRNAs. by Changnian Song, Jinggui Fang, Chen Wang, Lei Guo, Kibet Korir Nicholas, Zhengqiang Ma

“…However, unlike protein-coding genes defined by start and stop codons, the ends of miRNA molecules do not have characteristics that can be used to define the mature miRNAs exactly, which made computational miRNA prediction methods often cannot predict the accurate location of the mature miRNA in a precursor with nucleotide-level precision. …”
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First Report of Complete Mitochondrial Genome in the Tribes Coomaniellini and Dicercini (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and Phylogenetic Implications by Xuyan Huang, Bo Chen, Zhonghua Wei, Aimin Shi

“…Most of PCGs had typical ATN start codons and terminated with TAR. Among these mitogenomes, Leu2 (L2), Ile (I), Ser2 (S2), and Phe (F) were the four most frequently encoded amino acids. …”
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Impact of Resistant Maltodextrin Addition on the Physico-Chemical Properties in Pasteurised Orange Juice by Elías Arilla, Marta Igual, Javier Martínez-Monzó, Pilar Codoñer-Franch, Purificación García-Segovia

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Prevalence and impact of minority variant drug resistance mutations in primary HIV-1 infection. by Joanne D Stekler, Giovanina M Ellis, Jacquelyn Carlsson, Braiden Eilers, Sarah Holte, Janine Maenza, Claire E Stevens, Ann C Collier, Lisa M Frenkel

“…It is also possible that, with highly-potent ARVs, minority variant mutations may be relevant only at certain critical codons.…”
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Characterization of Circulating Transfer RNA-Derived RNA Fragments in Cattle by Eduardo eCasas, Guohong eCai, John D. Neill

“…There was no association between number of codons for each amino acid and number of tRFs in the samples. …”
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IDENTIFICACIÓN DE CRITERIOS PARA LA SELECCIÓN NATURAL DE RNA MENSAJEROS by J. González, F. Novoa, O. Acevedo, L. Lareo

“…De esta forma se generará un modelo teórico que permita seleccionar entre una serie de factores de la teoría de información calculados in silico y estimación de algunos parámetros fisicoquímicos para el conjunto de todas las secuencias de nucleotídicas de mRNA probabilísticamente posibles, es decir, todas aquellas derivadas de las combinaciones entre los codones de los aminoácidos presentes en la secuencia de una proteína en particular, permitirá identificar el o los que regulan que sólo una de esas secuencias de mRNA sea la traducida en la naturaleza.…”
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Recent Progress and Future Prospective in HBV Cure by CRISPR/Cas by Yu-Chan Yang, Hung-Chih Yang

“…The newly developed CRISPR-derived base editors (BEs), which fuse a catalytically disabled nuclease with a nucleobase deaminase enzyme, can be used to permanently inactivate HBV genome by introducing irreversible point mutations for generation of premature stop codons without DSBs of host genome. Although promising, CRISPR-mediated base editing still faces daunting challenges before its clinical application, including the base-editing efficacy, the off-target effect, the difficulty in finding conserved target HBV sequences, and in vivo delivery efficiency. …”
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Maturation of Mitochondrially Targeted Prx V Involves a Second Cleavage by Mitochondrial Intermediate Peptidase That Is Sensitive to Inhibition by H₂O₂ by Juhyun Sim, Jiyoung Park, Hyun Ae Woo, Sue Goo Rhee

“…Prx V mRNA contains two in-frame AUG codons, producing a long (L-Prx V) and short form of Prx V (S-Prx V), and mouse L-Prx V is expressed as a precursor protein containing a 49-amino acid N-terminal mitochondria targeting sequence. …”
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New deletion in LAMP2 causing familial Danon disease. Effect of the X-chromosome inactivation by Larysa Sivitskaya, Tatiyana Vaikhanskaya, Nina Danilenko, Aleh Liaudanski, Oleg Davydenko, Nikolai Zhelev

“…Most Danon disease mutations create premature stop codons resulting in the decrease or absence of LAMP2 protein. …”
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in coding regions of canine dopamine- and serotonin-related genes by Lingaas Frode, Våge Jørn

“…Some of the canine SNPs exist in codons that are evolutionary conserved between five compared species, and predictions indicate that they may have a functional effect on the protein. …”
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