Alternative splicing originates different domain structure organization of Lutzomyia longipalpis chitinases by João Ramalho Ortigão-Farias, Tatiana Di-Blasi, Erich Loza Telleria, Ana Carolina Andorinho, Thais Lemos-Silva, Marcelo Ramalho-Ortigão, Antônio Jorge Tempone, Yara Maria Traub-Csekö

“…The B and C forms possess stop codons interrupting the translation of the CBD. The A form is present in adult females post blood meal, L4 larvae and pre-pupae, while the other two forms are present only in L4 larvae and disappear just before pupation. …”
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Viral FGARAT ORF75A promotes early events in lytic infection and gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis in mice. by Nick D Van Skike, Nana K Minkah, Chad H Hogan, Gary Wu, Peter T Benziger, Darby G Oldenburg, Mehmet Kara, Deborah M Kim-Holzapfel, Douglas W White, Scott A Tibbetts, Jarrod B French, Laurie T Krug

“…MHV68 mutants with premature stop codons in orf75A exhibited a log reduction in acute replication in the lungs after intranasal infection, which preceded a defect in colonization of multiple host reservoirs including the mediastinal lymph nodes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the spleen. …”
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A Lac Repressor-Inducible Baculovirus Expression Vector for Controlling Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid Ratios by Jeffrey Slack, Christopher Nguyen, Amanda Ibe-Enwo

“…Non-canonical translation initiation codons for VP1 and VP2 reduce their abundances relative to VP3. …”
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Functionally Significant Features in the 5′ Untranslated Region of the ABCA1 Gene and Their Comparison in Vertebrates by Pavel Dvorak, Sarah Leupen, Pavel Soucek

“…Using the example of the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (<i>ABCA1</i>) gene (Tangier disease), we describe our algorithm for functionally significant sequence finding. 5&#8242;UTR features (upstream start and stop codons, open reading frames (ORFs), GC content, motifs, and secondary structures) were studied using freely available bioinformatics tools in 55 vertebrate orthologous genes obtained from Ensembl and UCSC. …”
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EF-P dependent pauses integrate proximal and distal signals during translation. by Sara Elgamal, Assaf Katz, Steven J Hersch, David Newsom, Peter White, William Wiley Navarre, Michael Ibba

“…We found that residues as far as 3 codons upstream of the ribosomal peptidyl-tRNA site had a dramatic effect on whether or not a particular PPX motif triggered a ribosomal pause, while internal Shine Dalgarno sequences upstream of the motif had no effect on EF-P dependent translation efficiency. …”
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GJA1-20k and Mitochondrial Dynamics by Daisuke Shimura, Robin M. Shaw

“…We previously identified that Gja1 mRNA undergoes endogenous internal translation initiated at one of several internal AUG (M) start codons, generating N-terminal truncated protein isoforms that retain the C-terminus distal to the start site. …”
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Deciphering the Role of Selenoprotein M by Lance G. A. Nunes, Antavius Cain, Cody Comyns, Peter R. Hoffmann, Natalie Krahn

“…Incorporation of Sec into proteins is unique, requiring additional translation factors and multiple steps to insert Sec at stop (UGA) codons. These Sec-containing proteins (selenoproteins) are found in all three domains of life where they often are involved in cellular homeostasis (e.g., reducing reactive oxygen species). …”
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An Adaptive Mapping Method Using Spectral Envelope Approach for DNA Spectral Analysis by Milena Arruda, Andresso da Silva, Francisco de Assis

“…This is because a three-base periodicity (TBP) has already been proven to exist in protein-coding regions arising from the length of codons (three nucleic acids). This demonstrates that there is a prominent peak in the energy spectrum of a DNA coding sequence at frequency <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac></semantics></math></inline-formula> rad/sample. …”
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Host species and pathogenicity effects in the evolution of the mitochondrial genomes of Eimeria species (Apicomplexa; Coccidia; Eimeriidae) by Asma Awadi

“…Findings We used site- and branch-site tests to estimate the extent of purifying and positive selection at each site and each lineage of several Eimeria parasite mitogenomes retrieved from GenBank. We founded sixteen codons in the three mtDNA-encoded proteins to be under positive selection compared to a strong purifying selection. …”
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5′ Untranslated Region Elements Show High Abundance and Great Variability in Homologous ABCA Subfamily Genes by Pavel Dvorak, Viktor Hlavac, Pavel Soucek

“…In the current bioinformatics study, we mapped the features of the 5′ untranslated regions (5′UTR) known to have the potential to regulate translation, such as the length of 5′UTRs, upstream ATG codons, upstream open-reading frames, introns, RNA G-quadruplex-forming sequences, stem loops, and Kozak consensus motifs, in the DNA sequences of all members of the subfamily. …”
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Infección del sitio quirúrgico tras cirugía raquimedular. Análisis de los factores de riesgo by Chisbert Genovés, María Pilar, Moreno Oliveras, Luis, Rey Doménech, Tania, Parra Codoñer, Víctor Manuel, Cervera Badía, María José, Sánchez Salas, María África, Piquer Belloch, José

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The role of sequential administration of sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine following quinine in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria in children. by Ogutu, B, Nzila, A, Ochong, E, Mithwani, S, Wamola, B, Olola, C, Lowe, B, Kokwaro, G, Marsh, K, Newton, C

“…A clinical evaluation was performed 3 weeks later in which a blood sample was obtained for full haemogram, blood slide and analysis of the parasite dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) codons, mutations of which are associated with resistance to SP. …”

Genome-wide identification of alternative splice forms down-regulated by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in Drosophila by Hansen, K, Lareau, L, Blanchette, M, Green, R, Meng, Q, Rehwinkel, J, Gallusser, F, Izaurralde, E, Rio, D, Dudoit, S, Brenner, SE

“…Not all alternative splicing results in functional protein; it can also yield mRNA isoforms with premature stop codons that are degraded by the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway. …”

Multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains resulting from combination antiretroviral therapy. by Iversen, A, Shafer, R, Wehrly, K, Winters, M, Mullins, J, Chesebro, B, Merigan, T

“…Multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains with reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations at codons A62--&gt;V, V75--&gt;I, F77--&gt;L, F116--&gt;Y, and Q151--&gt;M have been reported in patients receiving combination therapy with zidovudine (AZT) and didanosine (ddI). …”

OCRL1 mutations in Dent 2 patients suggest a mechanism for phenotypic variability. by Shrimpton, A, Hoopes, R, Knohl, S, Hueber, P, Reed, A, Christie, P, Igarashi, T, Lee, P, Lehman, A, White, C, Milford, D, Sanchez, MR, Unwin, R, Wrong, O, Thakker, R, Scheinman, S

“…RESULTS: Six boys with Dent disease had novel OCRL1 mutations: two missense (R301H, G304E) and four mutations predicted to produce premature termination codons (L56DfsX1, S149X, P161PfsX3, and M170IfsX1). …”

Very low PSA concentrations and deletions of the KLK3 gene. by Rodriguez, S, Al-Ghamdi, O, Burrows, K, Guthrie, P, Lane, J, Davis, M, Marsden, G, Alharbi, K, Cox, A, Hamdy, F, Neal, D, Donovan, J, Day, I

“…RESULTS: We observed no stop codons or frameshift mutations, but we did find 30 single-base genetic variants, including 3 variants not described previously. …”

ORF17 from the clavulanic acid biosynthesis gene cluster catalyzes the ATP-dependent formation of N-glycyl-clavaminic acid. by Arulanantham, H, Kershaw, N, Hewitson, K, Hughes, C, Thirkettle, J, Schofield, C

“…Two alternative start codons have been proposed for orf17 to encode for two possible polypeptides, one of which has 92 N-terminal residues less then the other. …”

Mutation screening of the EXT1 and EXT2 genes in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses. by Philippe, C, Porter, D, Emerton, M, Wells, D, Simpson, A, Monaco, A

“…A missense mutation (D227N) was found in 2 different families; the other three alterations (two nonsense mutations and one frameshift mutation) lead directly or indirectly to premature stop codons. The missense mutations in EXT1 and EXT2 may pinpoint crucial domains in both proteins and therefore give clues for the understanding of the pathophysiology of this skeletal disorder.…”

Myh deficiency enhances intestinal tumorigenesis in multiple intestinal neoplasia (ApcMin/+) mice. by Sieber, O, Howarth, K, Thirlwell, C, Rowan, A, Mandir, N, Goodlad, R, Gilkar, A, Spencer-Dene, B, Stamp, G, Johnson, V, Silver, A, Yang, H, Miller, J, Ilyas, M, Tomlinson, I

“…Consistent with a defect in base excision repair, three intragenic Apc mutations in polyps without allelic loss from Apc(Min/+)/Myh(-/-) mice were shown to be G:C to T:A transversions which resulted in termination codons; no such mutations were found in polyps from Apc(Min/+)/Myh(+/+) or Apc(Min/+)/Myh(+/-) mice. …”

Electrostatic interactions govern extreme nascent protein ejection times from ribosomes and can delay ribosome recycling by Nissley, DA, Vu, QV, Trovato, F, Ahmed, N, Jiang, Y, Li, MS, O'Brien, EP

“…Ribosome profiling data from E. coli reveals that the presence of slowly ejecting sequences correlates with ribosomes spending more time at stop codons, indicating that the ejection process might delay ribosome recycling. …”