Isolation and characterization of cellulose synthase gene from Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) by Seyedi, Seyedehsareh

“…Full-length HsCesA1 cDNA of 3528 bp was isolated using RACE PCR, and the start and stop codons, poly A signal, poly A tail, 3´ UTR and 5´ UTR were identified using in silico analyses. …”
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Isolation and in silico characterization of two anthocyanin transcripts CHS and F3H from calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. VAR. UMKL by Roshani, Maryam

“…In addition, the start and stop codons, poly-A signal, poly-A tail, 3´ UTR and 5´ UTR regions for both isolated transcripts were also identified using in-silico analyses. …”
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Extensive genetic variation at the sr22 wheat stem rust resistance gene locus in the grasses revealed through evolutionary genomics and functional analyses by Md. Hatta, M. Asyraf, Ghosh, Sreya, Athiyannan, Naveenkumar, Richardson, Terese, Steuernagel, Burkhard, Yu, Guotai, Rouse, Matthew N., Ayliffe, Michael, Lagudah, Evans S., Radhakrishnan, Guru V., Periyannan, Sambasivam K., Wulff, Brande B. H.

“…The nucleotide sequence analysis of these alleles identified historical sequence exchange resulting from recombination or gene conversion, including breakpoints within codons, which expanded the coding potential at these positions by introduction of nonsynonymous substitutions. …”
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Chloroplast Genome Comparison and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Commercial Variety <i>Actinidia chinensis</i> ‘Hongyang’ by Han Liu, Xia Liu, Chong Sun, Hong-Lei Li, Zhe-Xin Li, Yuan Guo, Xue-Qian Fu, Qin-Hong Liao, Wen-Lin Zhang, Yi-Qing Liu

“…Compared with 14 other species, the cp genomes of <i>A. chinensis</i> ‘Hongyang’ were biased towards the use of codons containing A/U, and the non-protein coding regions in the <i>A. chinensis</i> ‘Hongyang’ cpDNA showed greater variation than the coding regions. …”
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CONVENTIONAL APPROACHES TO THE THERAPY OF HEREDITARY MYOPATHIES by M. V. Pokrovsky, M. V. Korokin, A. M. Krayushkina, N. S. Zhunusov, K. N. Lapin, M. O. Soldatova, E. A. Kuzmin, O. S. Gudyrev, I. S. Kochkarova, A. V. Deikin

“…Currently, the following pharmacological groups are used or undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of various myopathies types: inotropic, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic drugs, antimyostatin therapy and the drugs that promote translation through stop codons (applicable for nonsense mutations). In addition, metabolic drugs, metabolic enzyme cofactors, mitochondrial biogenesis stimulators, and antioxidants can be used to treat myopathies. …”
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Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals molecular regulation of salt tolerance in two contrasting chickpea genotypes by Hammad Aziz Khan, Hammad Aziz Khan, Niharika Sharma, Kadambot H.M. Siddique, Kadambot H.M. Siddique, Timothy David Colmer, Timothy David Colmer, Tim Sutton, Tim Sutton, Ute Baumann

“…In addition, the presence of premature stop codons was detected in 35 genes in Rupali. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular regulation underpinning the physiological basis of salt tolerance in two chickpea genotypes and offers potential candidate genes for the improvement of salt tolerance in chickpeas.…”
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Comparative Genomics Reveals Three Genetic Groups of the Whitefly Obligate Endosymbiont <i>Candidatus</i> Portiera aleyrodidarum by Teng Lei, Ning Luo, Chao Song, Junwei Yu, Yuhang Zhou, Xin Qi, Yinquan Liu

“…Synonymous and nonsynonymous rate analyses, parity rule 2 plot analyses, neutrality plot analyses, and effective number of codons analyses supported the distinction of the three genetic groups. …”
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Molecular epidemiology and mechanism of Klebsiella pneumoniae resistance to ertapenem but not to other carbapenems in China by Dongliang Wang, Dongliang Wang, Minggui Wang, Minggui Wang, Tianpeng He, Dan Li, Dan Li, Liqin Zhang, Dongquan Zhang, Junshuai Feng, Wenli Yang, Yuan Yuan

“…Whole-genome sequencing revealed the presence of mutations that introduced premature ramR codons stop in 14 strains (77.78%). When a functional copy of ramR was restored in the 14 strains, the minimum inhibitory concentration of ertapenem decreased, inhibition of efflux pumps was not detected, and the expression of outer membrane protein OmpK35 was either increased or was restored. …”
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Genetic Variation in the Prion Protein Gene (<i>PRNP</i>) of Two Tunisian Goat Populations by Samia Kdidi, Mohamed Habib Yahyaoui, Michela Conte, Barbara Chiappini, Mohamed Hammadi, Touhami Khorchani, Gabriele Vaccari

“…Moreover, four silent mutations were detected at codons 30, 42, 138, and 179; the former was reported for the first time in goat (nucleotide 60 c→t). …”
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Population Genomic Analyses Suggest a Hybrid Origin, Cryptic Sexuality, and Decay of Genes Regulating Seed Development for the Putatively Strictly Asexual <i>Kingdonia uniflora</i>... by Yanxia Sun, Xu Zhang, Aidi Zhang, Jacob B. Landis, Huajie Zhang, Hang Sun, Qiu-Yun (Jenny) Xiang, Hengchang Wang

“…Detection of elevated genetic differentiation and premature stop codons (in some populations) in genes regulating seed development indicates mutational degradation of sexuality-specific genes in <i>K. uniflora</i>. …”
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Disruption of DDX53 coding sequence has limited impact on iPSC-derived human NGN2 neurons by Muhammad Faheem, Eric Deneault, Roumiana Alexandrova, Deivid C. Rodrigues, Giovanna Pellecchia, Carole Shum, Mehdi Zarrei, Alina Piekna, Wei Wei, Jennifer L. Howe, Bhooma Thiruvahindrapuram, Sylvia Lamoureux, P. Joel Ross, Clarrisa A. Bradley, James Ellis, Stephen W. Scherer

“…Methods We used the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) gene editing strategy to knock out DDX53 protein by inserting 3 termination codons (3TCs) into two different induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines. …”
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Monitoring of resistanceassociated mutations in UL97 gene of cytomegalovirus in children after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by Kozhushnaya O.S., Solopova G.G., Markelov M.I., Oril A.R., Balashov D.N., Shelikhova L.N., Novichkova G.A.

“…The search for mutations in the UL97 gene was carried out in the range of 425–670 codons. Results. Out of 168 patients with confirmed CMV infection, 72 patients met the criteria for possible resistance to GCV/VGCV. …”
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Intratumor heterogeneity of driver mutations and TMB distribution in 30 early-stage LUAD patients with multiple lesions by Yuan Qiu, Yuan Qiu, Liping Liu, Liping Liu, Haihong Yang, Haihong Yang, Hanzhang Chen, Hanzhang Chen, Qiuhua Deng, Qiuhua Deng, Dakai Xiao, Dakai Xiao, Yongping Lin, Yongping Lin, Changbin Zhu, Weiwei Li, Di Shao, Wenxi Jiang, Kui Wu, Jianxing He, Jianxing He

“…EGFR was the most frequently (48/198) mutated driver gene. The codons in EGFR mainly affected by mutations were p.L858R (18/66 [27.3%]) and exon 19del (8/66 [12.1%]). …”
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Profile and Frequency of Mutations Conferring Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the Central, Southeastern and Eastern Ethiopia by Agonafir M, Belay G, Feleke A, Maningi N, Girmachew F, Reta M, Fourie PB

“…This study was conducted to determine the frequency and type of mutations that are responsible for resistance to rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH), fluoroquinolones (FLQs) and second-line injectable drugs (SLIDs) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates obtained from culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients in the central, southeastern and eastern Ethiopia.Patients and Methods: In total, 224 stored culture-positive MTB isolates from pulmonary TB patients referred to Adama and Harar regional TB laboratories between August 2018 and January 2019 were assessed for mutations conferring RIF, INH, FLQs and SLIDs resistance using GenoType®MTBDRplus (MTBDRplus) and GenoType®MTBDRsl (MTBDRsl).Results: RIF, INH, FLQs and SLIDs resistance-conferring mutations were identified in 88/224 (39.3%), 85/224 (38.0%), 7/77 (9.1%), and 3/77% (3.9%) of MTB isolates, respectively. Mutation codons rpoB S531L (59.1%) for RIF, katG S315T (96.5%) for INH, gyrA A90V (42.1%) for FLQs and WT1 rrs (100%) for SLIDs were observed in the majority of the isolates tested. …”
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Insight into the herbicide resistance patterns in Lolium rigidum populations in Tunisian and Moroccan wheat regions by Zakia El-Mastouri, Pavlína Košnarová, Kateřina Hamouzová, Ezzedine Alimi, Josef Soukup

“…The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled easy identification of causal mutations and confirmed the presence of ALS and ACCase mutations at specific codons conferring TSR. Thirteen populations showed resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides associated with point mutations in positions Pro-197-Thr, Pro-197-Ser, Pro-197-Leu, Pro-197-Gln and Trp-574-Leu, while resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides was detected in 18 populations in positions Asp-2078-Val, Trp-2027-Cys, Ile-1781-Leu, Gly-2096-Ala, and Ile-2041-Asn of the enzymes conferring TSR. …”
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Unidirectional gene pairs in archaea and bacteria require overlaps or very short intergenic distances for translational coupling via termination-reinitiation and often encode subun... by Madeleine Huber, Nico Vogel, Andreas Borst, Friedhelm Pfeiffer, Svetlana Karamycheva, Yuri I. Wolf, Eugene V. Koonin, Jörg Soppa

“…A two reporter gene system was used to quantify the reinitiation frequency, and several stop codons in the upstream gene were introduced to increase the intergenic distances. …”
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In Depth Viral Diversity Analysis in Atypical Neurological and Neonatal Chikungunya Infections in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil by Maria Celeste Torres, Fatima Di Maio, David Brown, Moira Spyer, Eleni Nastouli, Patrícia Brasil, Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis

“…In addition, a higher proportion of defective variants (insertions/deletions and stop codons) was detected in the CSF and maternal samples and those were mainly distributed within the viral non-structural genes. …”
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Profiling Analysis of N6-Methyladenosine mRNA Methylation Reveals Differential m6A Patterns during the Embryonic Skeletal Muscle Development of Ducks by Biao Chen, Shuibing Liu, Wentao Zhang, Ting Xiong, Mingfang Zhou, Xiaolong Hu, Huirong Mao, Sanfeng Liu

“…Similarly to m6A distribution in mammalian transcripts, our results revealed GGACU as the main m6A motif in duck breast muscle; they also revealed that m6A peaks are mainly enriched near the stop codons. In addition, motif sequence analysis and gene expression analysis demonstrated that m6A modification in duck embryo skeletal muscles may be mediated by the methyltransferase-like 14. …”
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Canonical and Divergent N-Terminal HBx Isoform Proteins Unveiled: Characteristics and Roles during HBV Replication by Sergio Hernández, Francisca Álvarez-Astudillo, Daniel Garrido, Cristian Prieto, Alejandra Loyola, Rodrigo A. Villanueva

“…It is well-known that the canonical HBx reading frame bears two phylogenetically conserved internal in-frame translational initiation codons at Met2 and Met3, thus possibly generating divergent N-terminal smaller isoforms during translation. …”
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Effects of Whole-Grain and Sugar Content in Infant Cereals on Gut Microbiota at Weaning: A Randomized Trial by Julio Plaza-Diaz, Maria Jose Bernal, Sophie Schutte, Empar Chenoll, Salvador Genovés, Francisco M. Codoñer, Angel Gil, Luis Manuel Sanchez-Siles

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