Distribution and haplotype associations of XPD Lys751Gln, XRCC1 Arg280His and XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphisms with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the Malaysian population by Visuvanathan, Shaneeta, Chong, Pei Pei, Yap, Yoke Yeow, Lim, Chin Chye, Tan, Meng Khuan, Lye, Munn Sann

“…The present study aimed to determine the genotype distribution of XPDcodon 751, XRCC1 codon 280 and codon 399 polymorphisms and haplotype associations among NPC cases andcontrols in the Malaysian population. …”

The complete mitochondrial genome of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) by Jinhong Zhao, Wei Xu

“…This mitogenome was 18,531 bp in length, containing 13 protein coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes that is typical among curculionoidea. Stop codon was incomplete for ND4 gene and ND5. The non-coding intergenic regions have increased in size to 1033 bp due to expansion of tandem repeat arrays. …”
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Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Drosophila busckii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) by Chi Zhang, Jianfeng Jin

“…All protein-coding genes started with ATN, except for cox2 and nad5, which used noncanonical codon TTG and GTG, respectively.…”
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Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Homidia socia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) by Jun Wu, Kexin Chen

“…The most common start and stop codon for 13 PCGs are ATT and TAA, respectively. …”
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The host tRNA epitranscriptome: A new player in RNA virus infections by Marc Talló-Parra, Elena Muscolino, Juana Díez

“…Recent data reveal an unprecedented interaction of positive strand RNA ((+)RNA) viruses with the host tRNA epitranscriptome to favor viral protein expression via a specific reprogramming of codon optimality that ultimately favors decoding of the viral codons. …”
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Wobble uridine tRNA modification: a new vulnerability of refractory melanoma by Francesca Rapino, Pierre Close

“…We have recently demonstrated that the U34-enzymes are crucial in the survival of glycolytic melanoma cultures through a codon-specific regulation of HIF1α mRNA translation. …”
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Complete mitochondrial genome of the ambush bug, Amblythyreus gestroi (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) by Zhuo Chen, Fan Song, Wanzhi Cai

“…Genome organization, nucleotide composition and codon usage of the mitogenome are noted, secondary structures of all tRNAs are predicted. …”
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Identification of new mutation in a lad patient. by Chan, Hwee Sing.

“…There was an incorporation of 11 irrelevant amino acids followed by a premature stop codon.…”
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Translation initiation and its deregulation during tumorigenesis. by Watkins, S, Norbury, C

“…Most bulk protein synthesis is initiated via recognition of the mRNA 5' cap and subsequent recognition of the initiator AUG codon by a directional scanning mechanism. However, several key regulators of tumour development are translated by a cap-independent pathway. …”

Occurrence of High Levels of Cefiderocol Resistance in Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli before Its Approval in China: a Report from China CRE-Network by Qi Wang, Longyang Jin, Shijun Sun, Yuyao Yin, Ruobing Wang, Fengning Chen, Xiaojuan Wang, Yawei Zhang, Jun Hou, Yumei Zhang, Zhijie Zhang, Liuchun Luo, Zhusheng Guo, Zhenpeng Li, Xin Lin, Lei Bi, Hui Wang

“…The resistance of ST167 E. coli to cefiderocol is a combination of the premature stop codon of cirA, pbp3 mutation, and blaNDM-5 existence. …”
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Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance-associated mutations in isolates from children living in endemic areas of Burkina Faso by Casimire Wendlamita Tarama, Harouna Soré, Mafama Siribié, Siaka Débé, Réné Kinda, Adama Ganou, Wendyam Gérard Nonkani, Farida Tiendrebeogo, Winnie Bantango, Kassoum Yira, Aladari Sagnon, Sonia Ilboudo, Esther Yéri Hien, Moussa Wandaogo Guelbéogo, NFale Sagnon, Yves Traoré, Didier Ménard, Adama Gansané

“…The highest dhfr mutations were observed at codon 59R (69.8%), followed by codons 51I (66.6%) and 108 N (14.7%). …”
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Endogenous relapse and exogenous reinfection in recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis: A retrospective study revealed by whole genome sequencing by Wencong He, Yunhong Tan, Zexuan Song, Binbin Liu, Yiting Wang, Ping He, Hui Xia, Fei Huang, Chunfa Liu, Huiwen Zheng, Shaojun Pei, Dongxin Liu, Aijing Ma, Xiaolong Cao, Bing Zhao, Xichao Ou, Shengfen Wang, Yanlin Zhao

“…Overall, these recurrent TB isolates were predominantly pan-susceptible strains (71.0%, 49/69), followed by DR-TB (17.4%, 12/69) and MDR-TB (11.6%, 8/69), with mutations mainly in codon 450 of the rpoB gene and codon 315 of the katG gene. 11.1% (3/27) of relapse cases had acquired new resistance during treatment, with fluoroquinolone resistance occurring most frequently (7.4%, 2/27), both with mutations in codon 94 of gyrA.ConclusionEndogenous relapse is the main mechanism leading to TB recurrences in Hunan province. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Silba sp. (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) by Liang Wang, Xin Li, Ding Yang

“…All PCGs start with ATN codons, except COI and ND1, and end with TAA or incomplete stop codon. …”
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The mitochondrial genome of Suillia sp. (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) by Dongyue He, Yue Liu, Liang Wang, Xin Li, Ding Yang, Chen Lin

“…All PCGs start with ATN codons except COI and ND1 and end with TAA or incomplete stop codon. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Unkanodes sapporonus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) by Fang Yu, Ai-Ping Liang

“…All protein-coding genes started with ATN, except for nad5, which used noncanonical codon GTG. All tRNAs could fold into typical clover-leaf secondary structures, with the exception of trnS1 (AGN).…”
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Computational tools for modern vaccine development by Sunita, Andaleeb Sajid, Yogendra Singh, Pratyoosh Shukla

“…Finally, the applications of multi-graft and multivalent scaffolding, codon optimization and antibodyomics tools in identifying and designing in silico vaccine candidates are described.…”
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The mitochondrial genome of Ilythea japonica (Diptera: Ephydridae) by Liang Wang, Wei Zeng, Junhua Zhang, Ding Yang

“…All PCGs start with ATN codons except COI and ND1, and end with TAA or incomplete stop codon. …”
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Anticodon Wobble Uridine Modification by Elongator at the Crossroad of Cell Signaling, Differentiation, and Diseases by Damien Hermand

“…Numerous studies have contributed to three emerging concepts resulting from anticodon modification by Elongator: the codon-specific control of translation, the ability of reprogramming translation in various physiological or pathological contexts, and the maintenance of proteome integrity by counteracting protein aggregation. …”
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Characterization of the exon structure of the Menkes disease gene using vectorette PCR. by Tümer, Z, Vural, B, Tønnesen, T, Chelly, J, Monaco, A, Horn, N

“…The gene contains 23 exons, and the ATG start codon is in the second exon. All of the exon-intron boundaries were sequenced and conformed to the GT/AT rule, except for the 5' splice site of intron 9. …”

Single-molecule FRET studies on the cotranscriptional folding of a thiamine pyrophosphate riboswitch by Uhm, H, Kang, W, Ha, K, Kang, C, Hohng, S

“…We found that the riboswitch aptamer folds into the "off" conformation independent of its ligand, but switches to the "on" conformation during transcriptional pausing near the translational start codon. Ligand binding maintains the riboswitch in the off conformation during transcriptional pauses. …”